2016高考英语阅读理解--推断题解题方法.ppt

1、全国卷近5年阅读理解考点分布对比(含七选五),Reading Comprehension- Inference Questions,阅读理解专题 推理判断题,推理判断类题型特点: 在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理的结论。,阅读推理判断题,推断题分类,1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the wr

2、iter talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,2.技巧点拨 1).找到信息源 2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息,The passage suggests that when the writer moved into th

3、e apartment, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you need these things fo

4、r?” the shop assistant was very surprised. Well” replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,实例透析1.,2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the posit

5、ion it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _. hurt sea animals protect sea animals C. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches,实例透析2.,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,1. 问题特点：题干中通常含有

6、attitude, view ,opinion, think of, think about, in the authors opinion/mind等标志性词语.,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,2.技巧点拨： 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、 动词，虚拟语气，情态动词，某些过渡词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。,说明作者的态度: (1) objective (2) positive (3) negative (4) neutral (5) approval (6) disapproval (7) indifferent (8) ironic (9) critical (10) opt

7、imistic (11) pessimistic (12) cautious,客观的,消极的,漠不关心的,赞成的,不赞成的,乐观的,悲观的,积极的,讽刺的,批评的,中立的,Taking Notes,谨慎的,3. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is

8、to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform,4. Why do people take part in such dangerous activities ? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for f

9、ood, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answ

10、er for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. nervous,三、如何推断写作目的,1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _

11、. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.,2. 技巧点拨 (1) 从文体类别来推断写作目的 (2) 从写作手法来推断写作目的 (3) 根据主题句推断写作目的,2. 常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种： (1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑） (2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点） (3) to inform readers（告知

12、读者某些信息）,常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience,常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience,多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章.,“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rus

13、h of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the reade

14、rs attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them,5,A young man married a young woman. They lived with the mans big family. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three

15、 months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant w

16、aved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.,6,The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals t

17、han men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,A young man married a young woman. They lived with the mans big family. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to

18、her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with i

19、t. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.,6,The writer wrote the story in order to _. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reu

20、nited a husband and wife,45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A. To call peoples attention to ocean pollution. B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the

21、beach.,Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he s

22、tarted this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(2分钟),真题链接【2014年广

23、东卷】,C,7,【技巧点拨】,1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。 3.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore， thus， in short， conclude， conclusion等。,关注主题句,1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The

24、 passage is most likely a part of _.,四、如何推断文章出处,2. 解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构或典型的句子来判断其出处： (1) 报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称 (2) 广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认 (3) 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等 (4)网络：wwwcom, blog , ebooks, click here，Internet，update,Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your goals,

25、 start helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sign up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated dail

26、y.,(浙江卷),This text must be taken from _ A a radio program B. a website C. a newspaper D. a TV program,Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, t

27、ake two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restl

28、essness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most probably taken from a _. A. medical book B. newspaper C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine,五推断上下文内容,1. Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely disc

29、uss _.,2. 解题技巧 做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。,9. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings. When humans learned to make fire, howeve

30、r, they became capable of changing their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they cut down trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farmi

31、ng. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟） The paragraph following

32、 this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization(城市化),According to these rules, what statement shouldnt we choose? 1.备选项的中心词背离文章的主题思想 2.文中叙述的是事实 3.文中没依据主观臆断 4.太绝对或太片面 5.偷换概念,Practice makes perfect.,1. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello

33、 to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“ Are you single?” “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?,高考链接.,1. The writer talked a

34、bout the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. she was beautiful C. it a pleasure to make friends with her D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. s

35、he wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,高考链接.,2.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the dea

36、thwatch beetle. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,高考链接,What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Mary feels pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to h

37、elp others as much as possible. D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.,Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into selfpity. “Everybody on earth can ask, why me? about something or other,” she insists. “It doe

38、snt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”,高考链接-湖南卷,4,What can we infer from th

39、e last sentence of the text ? A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country B. Health is more important than money C. The harmony between man and nature is important D. Good old days will never be forgotten,Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless.

40、They had been doing an important job-eating insects. With so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases. Now, the people are still poor.But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs.

41、These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning .,高考链接-辽宁卷,5,topic sentence,Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart

42、 problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). ） According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,高考链