后殖民写作与文学翻译Post-colonial writing and literary translation.ppt

1、Post-colonial writing and literary translation,Made by Kyky,Contents,1. Introduction 1.1 The author 1.2 The chapter 2. Comparison ofpost-colonial writing and literary translation 2.1 Differences 2.2 Commons 3. Conclusion,IntroductionThe author,玛丽亚铁木志科(Maria Tymoczko),美国比较文学教授、翻译研究专家 ,现任教于美国麻省阿默斯特大学

2、,主要研究方向为爱尔兰文学及文化与翻译 ,积极倡导从文化角度对翻译进行研究。 她先后就读于哈佛大学 (1 968- 1 973 ) ,获凯尔特和罗曼语言文学方面的博士学位 ;阿默斯特大学 (1 973 - 1 974) ,获英语方面的博士后学位。 出版专著三部 ,译著一部 ,颇具影响力的学术论文近二十篇 ,书评二篇 ,另有二部专著行将付梓。,研究兴趣广泛 ,涉及文化、文学翻译及社会理论。曾先后到英国、爱尔兰、德国、加拿大、瑞士、瑞典、法国、日本等各国作过学术报告。 2 0 0 0年 5月至 6月间 ,应天津外院领导及林克难教授的邀请 ,作了为期四周的学术报告 ,题为文化与翻译 ,(Cultur

3、e and Translation) ,深受广大师生尤其是从事翻译和文化研究者的欢迎。,About the chapter,铁木志科所称的“后殖民写作”有明确界定,指原殖民地人民创作的文学作品。她说的后殖民翻译不仅是后殖民写作(原殖民地人民用原殖民者的语言写作)的比喻,也指实际意义上的语言文字间的翻译。铁木志科把翻译的范围界定在文学翻译之内。 后殖民写作和后殖民翻译的第一区别是表现对象问题。后殖民作家表现的是文化,以及文化中的一切。相对而言,后殖民译者面对的仅仅是文本,虽然文本也涉及到文化。,第二区别:关于原文中的一些语言专有项(language-specific items)、文化专有项(c

4、ulture-specific items),译者不得不做出选择,是传译还是放弃。译者难免受忠实或自由难题的困扰。铁木志科以为,作者的自由空间更大,与译者相比,更容易平衡文本陌生化和可读性的关系。 最后一个区别似乎并不明显。译文可以通过前言、注释、评论、词汇表、地图等提供背景知识,让读者更容易理解译文。 作品与之相比,能做的似乎少一些。不过当今的文学作品,尤其是一些以他国文化读者为对象的作品,同样可以加上词汇表、地图等附加信息。这方面译文和创作作品区别不大。,Translation might be used as a metaphor for post-colonial writing: t

5、ranslation as the activity of carrying across, for instance, the transportation and relocation of the bones and other remains of saints. X In this sense post-colonial writing might be imaged as a form of translation: venerable and holy relics are moved from one sanctified spot of worship to another

6、more central and more secure location, at which the cult is intended to be preserved, to take root and find new life.,Comparison of post-colonial writing and literary translation,Interlingual literary translation provide an analogue for post-colonial writing. 1. Have commonalities and differences 2.

7、 literary translation: can be charted for more than two millennia (coeval critical and theoretical literature) well understood Comparison of them is apt to shed light on the more recent literary phenomenon.,Differences,1. Text Post-colonial writers are not transposing (变换) text. They are transposing

8、 a cultureto be understood as a language, a cognitive system, a literature A translator, only a single text to transpose. Literary translators is concerned with differences not just in language (transposing word for word) with the same range of cultural factors (post-colonial author implicit in a te

9、xt), The culture or tradition of a post-colonial writer acts as a metatext (平行文本) which is rewritten-explicitly and implicitly (as both background and foreground). Interlingual translator post-colonial writer has a text has the metatext of culture 平行文本：平行文本是与译文并行放置的文本，具有相似内容或相近内容的多个文本.翻译时多利用平行文本可以帮助

10、理解复杂的文本。,2. parameters (限制因素) of constraint A translator is faced with a fixed text (faithfulness) Face cultural disjunction (分裂), unfaithful A post-colonial writer, chooses which cultural elements to attempt to transpose to the receiving audiences constrained by history , myth, ideology Two types o

11、f writing converge on the shared limit defined by cultural interface. 作者的自由空间更大,与译者相比,更容易平衡文本陌生化和可读性的关系。,3. Paratextual (类文本的) commentary Translators: introductions, footnotes, critical essays, glossaries, maps, Manipulate more than one textual level, in order to encode and explain the source text.

12、Authors: introduction, postscripts (附言 ) similar Commons between them (literary translations and post-colonial writing),Translation analogous minority-culture writers (post-colonial writers) Literary translation: simpler than sources texts Post-colonial authors of necessity simplify the cultural fie

13、lds they write about. The two types all involve choices, emphases and selectivity: interpretation objectivity is impossible, ideological, controversial,Post-colonial writers face political censure ideological valence, feel run so high about the portrait of the source culture, the authors life is in

14、jeopardy Translation is a less heated affair, but still exist Various problems of translation can be related to marked features of post-colonial writing. E.g. lexis of a translation and post-colonial texts (non-standard words),The metatext of an unfamiliar culture in a post-colonial text is a factor

15、 in some post-colonial works, many unfamiliar to the ordinary reader in the dominant culture. Unfamiliar cultural information: lexical items, customs, belief, myths, historical events and figures or economic condition presupposed by a text (literary translators or post-colonial writers, implicitly o

16、r explicitly) 1.audiences that share the culture of the text 2. cultural hegemony,Frontloading (前期) cultural informationresulting in the more highly explicitly quality of both postcolonial literature and translationspotentially compromises the literary status of a text per se (本身). Phenomena (transl

17、ators and writers) 1. produce texts with large amounts of material (unintelligible to readers) compromise 2. large quantities of explanation and explicit information 3. suppress the distinctive qualities of the writers culture and language,Translation: bring the text to the audience bring the audien

18、ce to the text greater international reputation of an author Post-colonial writing Other unfamiliar problems: names, literary genres, forms, proverbs Gideon Toury, both types of intercultural writing involve norms: preliminary norms (初步规范), operational norms (操作规范).,Preliminary norms: general princi

19、ples of allegiance to the standards of the source culture or the receptor culture. Operational norms: guiding the myriad small choices that are made in textual and cultural transposition Patronage can determine the translation practice and post-colonial writing. Patrons : once wealthy aristocrats, n

20、ow presses, publishing houses, universities determine the parameters of what is translated, what is published,Audiences,Translator :the demands of audiences, which can affect translation norms and strategies. E.g. belief system, values, nature The most efficient way of addressing such a nation after

21、 a colonial period may be through translation into the colonizers language. Lingua franca Reception theory: the central importance of the audience or implied reader in the production of literary texts.,International audience is related to internationalization of literature. E.g. many novels has become an international genre with writers influenced by and influencing other writers Faulkner influenced Garcia Marquez Other factor: authors reputation (Ngaugais resistant stra