(new)(7)第3节 标题的修辞特点.ppt

1、1,第一部分,文体概述,2,III. Headlines (标题语言),III-2. Linguistic features of headlines 第一节 标题的语法特点 (Grammatical Features) 第二节 标题的措词特点 (Lexical Features ) 第三节 标题的修辞特点 (Rhetorical Features),3,第三节 标题的修辞特点,4,I. Rhetorical Features (修辞特点),To achieve vividness and humor and entice(诱惑) and appeal to more readers, var

2、ious rhetorical devices are employed in headlines. The following are some of them: 为了达到生动形象、风趣幽默的效果，并能引起读者 的兴趣，英语报刊标题常使用各种修饰手段。常用的 修饰手段有下列几种：,5,1. Alliteration(头韵),Alliteration is a device in which the same consonant (辅音)sound is repeated at intervals in the initial position of words. This device ma

3、kes the headline sound witty and lively. 在一组词或一行诗中用相同的字母或声韵开头。这种修 饰手段使报刊标题变得生动活泼，富有节奏感。,6,1. Alliteration(头韵),Handover Hangover 移交工作搁浅 Soldiers Salaries Soar 士兵薪水剧增 From Foes to Financial Friends 往日仇敌，今日挚友,7,2. Rhyme (押韵),Rhyme is a device in which the same vowel(元音) or the same consonant is repeate

4、d at the end of words. 在一组词或一行诗中用相同的字母或声韵结尾。这种 修饰手段可以造成声色效果，渲染气氛，引起注意。,8,2. Rhyme (押韵),Young Wheelers, Big Dealers 驾驶摩托小青年，保险公司大主顾 Gloom, Boom and Doom 暗淡，繁荣和毁灭 Whos Near to Reagans Ear? 里根耳朵，愿听谁说？,9,3. Metaphor(隐喻),A metaphor is a device which makes a comparison between two unlike elements and this

5、 comparison is implied rather than stated. 在两类不同的事物之间含蓄地比较，以表明相同关系 的比喻。隐喻使生动形象，令人难忘。,10,3. Metaphor(隐喻),Indonesia: Balkan of the East ? 印尼：东方的巴尔干？ (文章将印尼喻作经常引发战争的巴尔干半岛) A Dragon Raises Its Head 巨龙昂起了头 (文章把上海喻作中国这条正在腾飞的巨龙的头) No End to Roller-Coaster Ride Sharp and Sudden Change 陡峭而危险的云霄飞车旅程远未结束 (文章用“

6、云霄飞车”比喻1997年7月泰国出现的金融危机给东南亚 国家带来连锁式的经济动荡 ),11,4. Pun(双关),Pun is a device which plays with the form and meaning of words, for a witty or humorous effect. There are many words in the English language which look or sound alike, but have different senses, or connotations.,12,4. Pun(双关),运用一个词语来暗示 两层或两层以上

7、的意思或不同的 联想，或运用两个或两个以上同音异义或近音异义的 词语。双关使语言新鲜活泼，诙谐有趣，能收到冷嘲 热讽，滑稽幽默的效果。,13,4. Pun(双关),Arms for the Mainland, Alms for Taiwan 武器售大陆，施舍给台湾 (“arms”和“alms” 同音异议, 巧妙用在一起, 反差强烈) A New Harvest of Troubles 农产品丰收，新问题成堆 (文章报道农产品大丰收导致供大于求，销售困难、价 格猛跌。harvest 既表示丰收，又表示后果),14,5. Parody(仿拟),Parody is a figure of speec

8、h that changes the form of some words in some allusions, proverbs, idioms, famous sayings, etc. to produce a surprising and humorous effect. 仿拟是故意模仿现成的语、句、篇而临时创造新的语、 句、篇。仿拟使语言简洁明快，幽默诙谐，有讽刺色 彩。,15,5. Parody(仿拟),Like Mother, Like Daughter 有其母，必有其女 (模仿Like father like son) A Tale of Two Capitals 两个首都的故

9、事 (模仿Charles Dickens的名著双城记的书名A Tale of Two Cites) Hashimotos Dilemma: to Reform or Not to Reform 海部的困境：改革，还是不改革 (模仿莎士比亚的名剧汉姆雷特（Hamlet）中的名 句 To live or not to live）,16,5. Parody(仿拟),Sometimes reporters copy famous sayings， proverbs or names of famous books directly. For instance: 除了仿拟，英语报刊标题还直接采用成语或名

10、著的书 名。例如：,17,5. Parody(仿拟),A New Leaf of Life 浪子回头，金不换 (文章报道一位韩国青年在做电脑生意失败后试图自 杀，但后来抓住了经济危机的机会，开办了一个旧电 脑店，生意兴隆。),18,5. Parody(仿拟),The Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起 (作者采用海明威小说的名字，表明对日本的经济还会 复苏充满希望） Paradise Lost 失乐园 (采用英国作家密尔顿小说的名字。文章报道了香港有 些人花巨资在国外买期房，结果上当受骗，钱房两空),19,6. Antithesis (对仗),Antithesis is the del

11、iberate(故意的)arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis. 对仗Antithesis: 把结构相同或相似、意义相反或相衬的 语言单位平行并列，以求得一种匀称的形式美和烈的 对比感。对仗使语言鲜明形象，从而加强表达力。,20,6. Antithesis,Many Questions, Few Answers 问题多多，答案少少 (文章讲述了英国疯牛病引发的一系列悬而未决的问题) Capital Rich, Revenue Poor

12、 资本雄厚，收益可怜 (文章报道了一家金融公司因经营不善而导致收入锐减 的情况),21,7. Allusion(典故),Allusions in writing are references to well-known persons, things, or events that writers assume are familiar to their readers. This assumption is based on the knowledge or belief that their readers share with them a common historical, cult

13、ural and literary heritage, which enables the readers to identify the allusions and to understand their significance.,22,7. Allusion,典故是重提过去的一个故事或史实，用作比喻或暗示。 其目的是使语言简洁凝炼、风趣幽默、形象生动。,23,7. Allusion,Pandoras Box (潘朵拉的盒子) According to the Greek myths, Pandora was the first woman created by the supreme G

14、od Zeus. She carried a box in which Prometheus had confined all the evils that could trouble mankind. As the gods had anticipated, Pandora opened the box out of curiosity, allowing the evils to escape into the world, thereby frustrating the efforts of Prometheus. The author Brian Hook employs this a

15、llusion as the headline of his article to express his concern for the consequences brought about by the cancellation of free- house policy in China.,24,7. Allusion,Pandoras Box 潘朵拉的盒子 据希腊神话，潘朵拉是主神宙斯(Zeus)命火神用粘土制 成的人类第一个女性。宙斯命潘朵拉带着一个盒子下 凡，潘朵拉私自打开盒子，于是里面的疾病，罪恶， 疯狂等各种祸害全跑出来散布到世界上。作者Brian Hook用此典故作为文章的标

16、题，表明他对1998年中国 取消福利分房政策所带来后果的担心。,25,7. Allusion,Its D-Day for Village Near Dianas Grave 戴安娜王妃去世，参观墓地者如潮 Diana was buried in a village near her hometown in Scotland. D-Day refers to June 6,1944, the day of the invasion of Western Europe by Allied forces in World War II. The author uses this allusion a

17、s the headline of his article show large number of visitors coming to see Dianas grave.,26,7. Allusion,Its D-Day for Village Near Dianas Grave 戴安娜王妃去世，参观墓地者如潮 D-Day是第二次世界大战中1944年6月6日同盟国军队进 攻西欧的日子。戴安娜王妃1997年在巴黎车祸中遇难 后，安葬在苏格兰故乡一个村庄附近。文章作者用此 典故以说明大批参观者的到来。,27,28,Answers to Task One,I. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4.

18、 T,29,Answers to Task One,II. 1. Because there is no evidence of anyone becoming infected with avian flu as a result of eating properly cooked meat and egg from poultry. 2. Because thorough cooking will kill any virus, including the deadly H5N1 strain of avian flu.,30,Answers to Task One,3. No, they

19、 run no risk of getting the virus. 4. They should ideally wear protection of their face and hands, and keep the working area hygienic.,31,Answers to Task Two,I. 1. A Russian village, several hundred kilometers south of Moscow 2. Sudden death among domesticated fowl 3. Bird flu virus carried by migra

20、tory birds 4. Imposing a quarantine around the village and destroying all fowl in the affected area 5. extending a ban on the importation of birds and feathers from most of Russia,32,Answers to Task Two,II. 1. 120 2. 60 3. Thailand 4. Vietnam 5. Cambodia 6. Indonesia 7. 48 8. 90,000 9. Inner Mongoli

21、a 10. quarantine 11. seal 12. kill 13. disinfect,33,34,News Item 1 (1),cancel knsl v. 取消,废除;中止 Commonwealth kmnwel n. (大写) 英联邦 relief rili:f n. 救济物品,救济金 commit kmit v. 使承担义务;使作出保证 eliminate ilimineit v. 消除,消灭; 排除 pursue psu: v. 追求；从事; 进行 corruption krpn n. 腐败;贪污;贿赂 Common Market 欧洲经济共同体(共同市场) Maurit

22、ius mriis n. 毛里求斯(非洲岛国),35,News Item 1 (2),fresh fre a. 新的;新到的;刚发生的 initiative initiv n. 主动的行动;倡议 Chancellor t:nsl n. (英)大臣;大法官 Exchequer ikstek n. (大写)英国财政部 indicate indikeit v. 指示;指出 revive rivaiv v. 复苏; 使恢复生机 scheme ski:m n. 计划;方案 International Monetary mn.teri Fund 国际货币基金组织,36,News Item 2 (1),de

23、rail direil v. 使出轨 opposite pzit a. 对面的,相对的 track trk n. 铁轨,轨道 emergency im:dnsi n. 紧急情况;突然事件 trap trp v. 使落入圈套(或困境) ambulance mbjulns n. 救护车,37,News Item 2 (2),scene si:n n.(事件发生的)地点,现场 casualty kjulti n.(事故、灾难等的)死(伤)者;受害人 limb lim n. 四肢; 肢;臂;脚;翼 bruise bru:z v. 使受瘀伤,使青肿;碰伤(水果等) come off 脱落;离开,38,N

24、ews Item 3,Argentine :dntain n. 阿根廷的 civil servants 公务员 rally rli n. (尤指政治上的)大集会,大会 public service 公众事业;公益服务;公务人员 unions ju:njn n. 工会; 联合会, 协会 stoppage stpid n. 停工,罢工 confederation kn,fedrein n. 同盟,联盟;邦联,39,News Item 4,strike straik v. 达成(协议),签订(合同等) deal di:l n. 协定, 交易 chancellor t:nsl n. 首相大臣；首席法官

25、 closure klu n. 关闭;结束;终止 reactor rikt n. 反应者, 反应堆 pledge pled n. 保证, 誓言 the Greens 绿党 junior du:nj a. 资浅的;地位较低的 coalition ,kulin n. 联盟; 联合,40,Answers to Task Three (1),News Item 1 (2122) 21. D 22. B News Item 2 (2324) 23. C 24. A,41,Answers to Task Three (2),News Item 3 (2526) 25. C 26. A News Item 4 (2728) 27. D 28. C,42,43,Oracle May Drop PeopleSoft Takeover Bid,1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B,44,O