高考英语总复习构词法(30张PPT).ppt

1、Grammar,构词法 (一) (Word Formation),高考英语语法总复习,If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?,Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading!,Guess the meaning!,How ?,When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to

2、help us, but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.,根据构词法猜词,1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person. 2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless. 3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet.,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-, im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。,dis+honest 不诚实

3、的,speech+less 说不出话的,pick+pocket 扒手,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,合成词 Compound,pain-killer,止痛药,color- blind,色盲,sleep-walk,梦游,sleep-walker,一、合成法（Compounding）,highway waiting-room kind-hearted,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,合成词汇展厅,一.合成名词 seafood greenhouse 二.合成动词 overcome whit

4、ewash 三.合成形容词 snow-white man-made 四.合成副词 however ; anyway 五.合成代词 something; everything 六.合成介词 within inside,fire+fighter=firefighter,friend+ship=friendship,passer+by=passer-by,well+known=well-known,sea+side=seaside,Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, friend, B: side, fi

5、ghter, ship, by, known, Model: part + time = part-time,Practice I,二、转化法（Conversion）：指一个词不变词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。,It has a good taste.,It tastes very good.,hand,n.手,v.递送,. We always walk hand in hand,Please hand me the book.,转化法例释,三、派生法 Derivation指在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词,派 生 法,前缀,后缀,名词后缀,形容词后缀

6、,副词后缀,动词后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,加前缀： happy - _happy 加后缀： develop - develop_ 既加前缀又加后缀： employ -_employ_ 注意:派生词的前缀一般只改变词义,不改 变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起 词义变化.,un,ment,un,ment,派生词（derivation）,Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?,1. over- : too much,overwork , overeat,above sth; acro

7、ss,overcoat, overhead,Some important prefixes:,The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded),overcrowded,He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.,2.en- 动词前缀,enable, endanger,Reading can _ your life.(rich),enrich,常见的否定前缀,中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原

8、来意义。,Some important suffixes:,-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等,sharpen a pencil,strengthen,brighten,Practice II Guess the meaning of the underlined words 1.Many countries import most of the oil they use. 2.He studied biophysics at college. 3.It is very important to learn how to co

9、operate with others. 4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train. 5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.,进口,生物物理学,合作,运输,明星,四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）,DV VIP SOS WWW,Digital Video,Very Important Person,Save Our Ship,World Wide Web,Practice Makes Perf

10、ect !,rain(形容词) _ agree(反义)_ nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_ recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_ hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_ visit(名词)_ home(形容词) _ eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_ America(形容词)_ China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,请做下

11、列高考真题。 1. (2013) That would be a very _(reason) thing to do in a big city. 思路点拨：reasonable 在名词前作定语要用形容词。,真题再练,2. (2013) But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village. 思路点拨：possibly 修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，用副词。注意：以-ble接尾的形容词，其副词形式通常是将ble改为bly。,3. (2012) For some reason he sat beside Mary. Ma

12、ry felt _ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her 思路点拨：pleased 在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。,4. (2016) We drank together and talked _ (merry) till far into the night. 思路点拨：merrily 修饰动词talked作状语，用副词。,5. (2015) He must be _(mental) disabled. 思

13、路点拨：mentally 修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。 6. (2014) His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 思路点拨：warmly 修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。,1. Write out the original words.,unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._ overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _ athletic adj._ misread v. _ translator n. _,change,like,possible,friend,look,understand,athlete,read,translate,Homework:,2.给下列单词加上前缀dis-, un-, in-或im-, 构 成意思相反的词。 1. agree _2. complete _ 3. healthy _ 4. important _ 5. able