《机械工程专业英语》测试题(18-22)含答案

1、机械工程专业英语测验题(18-22)将下列词组译成汉语the base circle（基圆）the pitch curve（啮合曲线）the contact force（接触力）the intermittent motion（间歇运动）the common normal（公法线）the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）the spur gear（直齿轮）the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）the face gear（端面齿轮）the radial

2、 distance（径向距离）the addendum circle（齿顶圆）The tooth thickness（齿厚）the tooth space（齿间隙）the cap screws（螺钉）the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）the engineering graphics（工程力学）mechanical design（机械设计）the installation techniques（安装技术）the bolted joint（螺栓连接）the hardened washers（强化垫圈）the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）the modulus of el

3、asticity（弹性模量）the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）the rolling contact （滚动接触）the sliding contact（滑动触电）the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）the machining tolerances（加工公差）the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）the radial loads（径向负荷）the thrust loads逆负荷the ball bearing球轴承the roller bearing滚子轴承the single-ro

4、w bearings单沟轴承the double-row bearing双沟轴承the needle bearing滚针轴承the bearing life轴承寿命The rating life额定寿命the axis of rotation旋转轴The helix angle螺旋角a right-hand helix 右旋a left-hand helix左旋an involute helicoids螺旋面an involute curve渐开线the shaft centerlines轴中心线worm gear蜗轮the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮right angle直角worm

5、 gearing蜗杆传动the lead angle导角shaft angle轴线角度bending load弯曲载荷tension load张力负荷compression load压缩负载torsional load扭转负荷the bending moment弯矩the bending stress弯曲应力the shot peening喷丸法the actuating force工作力the coefficient of friction摩擦系数An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈the magnetic circuit磁路 将下列短语译成汉语disk or plate

6、translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率the parallel

7、 helical gear平行斜齿轮the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉the fillister head screws槽头螺钉the flat head screws 平头螺钉the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。the external tensile load外部拉伸载荷the external shear loa

8、d外部剪切负荷The single-row deep-groove bearing单列深沟轴承The angular-contact bearing角接触轴承the self-aligning bearings自动调心轴承the straight roller bearings直滚子轴承the spherical-roller thrust bearing球形辊止推轴承the tapered roller bearings圆锥滚子轴承the condition of statical equilibrium浅析条件下平衡the positive-contact clutches强制接触离合器t

9、he overload-release clutches超载释放保护离合器the overrunning clutches超越离合器the magnetic fluid clutches磁流变离合器将下列单词译成汉语cam凸轮camshaft凸轮轴accuracy精度dependability可靠性pulley滑轮flywheel飞轮crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle心轴spindle主轴clutche离合器brake制动四翻译下列句子1Although a cam and follower may be designed for motion, path, or function g

10、eneration, the majority of applications utilize the cam and follower for function generation.虽然可以把凸轮和它的从动件设计为用于运动变换，路径变换或者函数变换，但大多数用途是利用凸轮和它的从动件做函数变换。2. In the case of a disk cam with a radial (in-line) translating roller follower the smallest circle that can be drawn tangent to the cam surface and

11、concentric with the camshaft is the base circle. 对于一个对心直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮，可画出的与凸轮表面相切且与轮轴同心的最小圆是基圆译文 P40 13. Numerous applications in automatic machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a rise-dwell-return and perhaps another dwell period of a specified number of degrees each,

12、together with a required follower displacement measured in centimeters or degrees.在自动化机械中的许多应用需要间歇运动。一个典型的例子将要求一个含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一个停歇的周期，每阶段经过一个指定的角度，伴随着一个所要求的从动件的位移，这个位移以厘米或度来度量。译文 P40 24Any two mating tooth profiles that satisfy the fundamental law of gearing are called conjugate profiles. 任何满足齿轮传动基

13、本定律的一对相互啮合齿廓称之为共轭齿廓。5. Although there are many tooth shapes possible in which a mating tooth could be designed to satisfy the fundamental law, only two are in general use: the cycloidal and involute profiles.虽然可以设计出有很多齿廓来满足传动装置的基本定律，但通常所使用的只有两种：即摆线齿廓和渐开线齿廓。6. Typical methods of fastening and joining

14、 parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys.紧固和联结零部件的典型方法包含使用这些零件：螺栓，螺母，有头螺钉、定位螺钉，铆钉，锁紧装置和键。7. Methods of joining parts are extremely important in the engineering of a quality design, and it is necessary to have a thorough understandin

15、g of the performance of fasteners and joints under all conditions of use and design.在质量设计工程中，联结零部件的方法非常重要，因此，彻底了解紧固零件和联结零件在所有使用和设计条件下的性能是非常必要的。8. When a connection is desired which can be disassembled without destructing the parts assembled and which is strong enough to resist both external tensile

16、load and shear load, or a combination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers is a good solution.当想要一个可以被拆开又不破坏被联接零件的联接时，而且这个联接又要有足够的强度以承受外拉力和剪力或这两种力的结合，使用淬火垫圈的简单螺栓联结是一个很好的方法。译文 P43 29. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing bu

17、t, rather, how to select one.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。10. The term antifriction bearing is used to describe that class of bearing in which the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than in sliding contact.减摩轴承这个词被用于描述这样一类轴承，其主要载荷是通过滚动接触而不是滑动接触的元件传递的11. It is th

18、is gradual engagement of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds正是螺旋齿轮，从一个齿到另一个齿的逐渐啮合和载荷的平稳传递，给了螺旋齿轮在高速下传递重载荷的能力12. A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section,

19、having mounted upon it such elements as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other power-transmission elements.轴是一个固定或转动的零件，通常是圆截面的，在它上面安装了如齿轮，带轮，飞轮，曲柄，链轮等零件和其他动力传递零件13. Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high, but the required dimensional

20、 accuracy relatively low.粗加工，通常金属切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相对低。14. Machines using basically the single-point cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) single-spindle automatic lathes, (5) multi-spindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7)

21、boring machines.使用单刃切削刀具的机床主要包括：(1)普通车床，(2)六角车床，(3)仿形车床，(4)单轴自动车床，(5)多轴自动车床，(6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床, (7)镗床。15. Upright drilling machines or drill presses are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of spindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the needs of most indust

22、ries.立式钻床或钻孔压力机，具有各种各样的尺寸和类型，为了适合大多数工业的需求，这些机床都装配有充足的轴速范围和自动进给量。16. Chemical milling is controlled etching process using strong alkaline or acid etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method.化学蚀刻，通过使用强碱或强酸蚀刻剂来控制蚀刻过程，铝，钛，镁和钢是用这种方法处理的主要金属。17. Anti

23、friction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household products, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, industrial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example.减摩轴承使用在各种各样的产品中，例如：玩具，家用产品，电冰箱，轧辊座，汽车门，卡车，工业机械，牙医设备和导弹等等。18. The important difference betw

24、een the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-enveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears.这两者之间的重要区别是：在双包围蜗轮组的轮齿间有面接触，而在单包围蜗轮组的轮齿间只有线接触。19. Although positive clutches are not used to the extent of the frictional-contact type, they do have i

25、mportant applications 3 where synchronous operation is required.虽然强制接触离合器不像摩擦离合器用得那么广泛，但在需要同步操作时，它们确实有着非常重要的应用。20. Finishing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high.精加工，通常金属切削率和切削力低，但所要求的尺

26、寸精度和表面光洁度相对高。21. Machines using multipoint cutting tools include: (1) drilling machines, (2) milling machines, (3) broaching machines, (4) sawing machines, (5) gear-cutting machines.使用多刃切削刀具的机床包括：(1)钻床，(2)铣床，(3)拉床，(4)锯床，(5)齿轮切削机床。22. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized mov

27、ements of either the paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the paths of the workpiece and model.仿形铣床的特点是刀具和跟踪元件的轨迹运动的协调或同步，或者是工件和模型的轨迹运动的协调或同步。23. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，

28、而是如何挑选轴承。24. The ultrasonic machining process is applied to both conducting and non-conducting material, and relies entirely upon abrasive action for metal removal.超声波加工工艺既应用于导体材料，也用于非导体材料，并且完全依赖于磨损作用进行金属切削。五翻译下列短文1. Numerous applications in automatic machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a rise-dwell-return and perhaps another dwell period of a specified