Mini-Grammar (2).ppt

1、名词性从句,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主 语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从 句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句 和同位语从句。,1.When we will start is not clear. 2. She wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4. I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,主语从句一般有三种结构：,1. 主

2、语从句+谓语,That she will win the match is certain.,2.主语从句+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句,It is important that we teens should learn English.,It is a good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.,It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting,3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句,It

3、 seems that Katy is not coming to this party.,宾语从句的结构,主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句,在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句 放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。,I dont know why he is always late for school.,We all agree with what you said at the meeting.,宾语从句,表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。 其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。 1. be, look, remain, 等系动词后均可跟表语从

4、句： My suggestion is that we should go shopping. 2. as if 也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain.,3.the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。,It was because I got up late.,同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主 句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟 同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。 如： Beijing ,

5、the capital of China, is my hometown. We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.,定语从句,同位语从句,II. 名词性从句的引导词：,连接词 ：that、if、whether,无意义,2. 连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which,3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、how,“是否”,作主/宾/表,考点一：区别that , what与which 考点二

6、：区别whether 与if 考点三：区别 what, whatever, 与 no matter what . 考点四：it 作形式主语或形式宾语 考点五：名词性从句的语序,名词性从句考点归纳 :,考点1：连接词： that 与 what 的区别,What he said makes me happy. That a new teacher will come is true .,that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分, 不能省略，在动宾宾语从句可省。 what 既起连接作用, 又在从句中作 主语, 宾语, 表 语 (且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）,what引导名词

7、性从句时，在从句中作主语，宾语或 表语。,_ we cant get seems better than _ we have. 2. China is no longer _ it used to be. 3. There were even some grandparents who came to see _ it was all about. 4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. 5. At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called the

8、 Three Gorges.,What,what,what,what,what,what,It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun. 2. The problem is _ we cant finish the work in time. 3. We express the hope _ they will come to visit China again. 4. We all hope _ the 2008 Olympic Games will be the best ever, and _ the athletes and

9、 visitors will enjoy China and Beijing.,that,that,that,that,that/-,that,That the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted.,1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry. 2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. （01全国） 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。 4. A modern city has

10、 been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. （04天津） A. what B. which C. that D. where,That,What,China is no longer _ it used to be.,what,what,B : what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一个),1. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. 2. I read

11、 about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was?,what,which,which,考点2. 区别if 与whether,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether / if,whether,whether,5. It depends on _ we will have enough mone

12、y. 6. _ they can do it matters little to us. 7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.,whether,Whether,If,请你归纳,a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. 直接加动词不定式只能用whether （to do） g whether or not 直接连用时不用if,只能使用whether 的情况：,请你归纳,四、whether是否。主语从句；表语从句；同位语从句； 介词后的宾语从句；不定式且常与or not 连用。,_ well g

13、o camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. The argument _ well have a sports meet remains to be settled. 3. It all depends on _ they will support us. 4. He doesnt know _ to stay or not. 5. We didnt know _ or not she was ready.,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从

14、句，而 _等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。,请你归纳,whoever, whatever,Who, what,考点3. what,whatever,who,whoever,Who will take the position isnt decided.,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,Anyone

15、who,No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.,（ 误 ）,no matter 只能引导状语从句，ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.,no matter who/what与whoever /whatever,Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 ）,1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。 _ is a pity . 2.他来不来不重要。 _doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter whether,That he made such a mi

16、stake,It is a pity that,考点 ：it作形式主语,形式宾语,it 作形式主语,Whether he will come or not,用it 作形式主语的结构,(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened th

17、at 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,It is reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certainthat It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that,Can you understand them?,This i

18、s a fact that English is being accepted as an international language . 2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for,It,it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或when从句,it 作形式宾语,make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to

19、 do,I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .,1. Ive got to make clear that he told a lie. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one 3. 他发现很难使别人理解他. He found _.,it,it difficult to make himself understood,it,考点5 语序问题,1. The photographs will

20、show you _（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,从句一定用陈述语序,3. He asked _ for a violin. （ 92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,2. You can hardly imagine

21、_when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited,6、插入语,Since you have seen both fighters, _ will win? A. do you think who B. who you think C. whoever D. who do you think 2. Id like to know _ to her. A. what do you think has happened B.

22、 do you think what has happened C. what you think has happened D. you think what has happened 3. Could you tell me _ ? A. where do you think the accident happened B. where you think the accident happened C. do you think where the accident happened D. where you think did the accident happen,1.It now

23、appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought D. is thought that,4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. m

24、ay be that D. might be what 5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never

25、 wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where,10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he _ regular ho

26、use. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. w

27、here 15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if 16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where,His success was because of _ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 2.I

28、s Mary from New York City? I dont know _. A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she come C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from 3._ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.

29、 A. because I got B. because of getting C. I gotD. that I got,C,D,C,D,Practices:,5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _. A. did he do that B. he did that C. he didD. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately? M

30、y boss wants to know _. A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along 8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,B,B,A,B,9. He asked me _ with me. A. what is t

31、he trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is 10. I am sure _ he said is true. A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what 11. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee 12. I wonder how much _. A. does the watch cost

32、 B. did the watch cost C. the watch cost D. the watch costs,C,D,A,D,13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her. A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 14._ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was

33、 a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer. A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be done C. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done 16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory atten

34、dant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that,C,C,A,D,17. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether 18.Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang? Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to. A. which the roomB. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it 19. Output

35、is now six times _ it was before liberation. A. that B. which C. what D. of which 20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _. A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she earnsD. with little she earns,A,B,C,A

36、,21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which 22. We gave him _ help we could. A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this 23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him. A. thatB. whichC. all

37、whatD. all that,B,B,D,24. Excuse me would you please tell me _? A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be held C. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place 25. Do you happen to know _? A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he

38、 wears C. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his 26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. how what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed,A,B,D,27. Where do you think _? A. has he gone B. has he be

39、en C. hes gone D. was he 28. Do you know _? A. how many populations there are in the world? B. how much population there is in the world C. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is 29. Would you go and see _ outside? A. what to take place B. what Tom has happene

40、d C. what is happeningD. what the matter had been 30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_. A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I,C,D,C,C,31._? I think he is Charles. A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is C. Whom do you think he is D. Do y

41、ou think who he is 32. He didnt know which room _. A. they livedB. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him. A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what 34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what

42、it used to be 35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me. A. which B. that C. what D. all what,A,B,C,D,C,名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别,成分上的区别： 名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？,1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery. 2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job. 3. The problem is who will be equal to t

43、he task. 4. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO (美国为首的北约) a month before 6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great eff

44、ect on my life. 7. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home. 8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night.,结论： 名词性从句充当句子的主要成分 （作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且无先行词，同位语除外。 定语从句充当句子的修饰成分 （作定语），前面有先行词,同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词, 可以引导定语从句, 充当句

45、子的主语或宾语成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时, 起连词的作用, 没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good. （that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略） The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句） I had no idea that you were here.（that引导

46、同位语从句, 不能省略） Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece? （that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）,引导词的不同： 不会出现在名词从句中的关系词： 不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：,as, 且 when, where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。,whether, if, what, how,名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系： 1. He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to

47、 help me. What I want to say has nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs

48、 it most. 5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.,Anyone who,anyone who,anyone (whom),6. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me. Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.,an

49、ything that,any,that,其余问题：,1. 误：I dont know if he comes back this month. 2. 误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.,正：I dont know if he will come back this month.,正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.,3.误：The reason is because he is ill. 4.误：Who leaves last turns off the light.

50、,正：The reason is that he is ill.,正：Whoever leaves last turns off the light.,名词性从句试题集锦 1.I ask her _ come with me. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. What B. That C. Which D. Whether,5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. only what B. all what C

51、. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,3.Can you tell me _? who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. they lived B. they lived in C. did they

52、live D. did they live in,7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. Th

53、at B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our

54、 village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Wh