Lesson4Understanding.ppt

1、,用来表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况。,Subjunctive Mood,一、虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法,didwere,had done,would/could/should/might do,would/could/should/might do,would/could/should/might +have done,did(were)/ were to do/ should do,1.If my brother_here now, everything _all right. 要是我哥哥现在在这儿，一切都没问题了。 2.If you _my advice, you _in the e

2、xam. 如果你早按照我的建议去做，你不可能考试不及格。 3.If it _ Sunday tomorrow, I _ to see my grandmother. 明天要是星期天就好了，我就 能去看望我奶奶了。,were,would be,had taken,couldnt have failed,were,could go,Exercises：,注意：1. 条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不 一致时(错综时间的虚拟语气)，动词的形式要根据它所表 示的时间加以调整。例如： 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。 If you_to the doctor, you _all righ

3、t now. (从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 如果我是你爸爸，我那时就不会同意你这么做。 If I _ your father, I _you to do so at that time. (从句动作指现在的客观事实，主句动作指过去),had listened,would be,were,wouldnt have allowed,注意：2.以下句子是虚拟条件句的什么形式？ Should he do it , he would do it in a different way. Were I you ，I would not do it. Had I come earlier, I coul

4、d have seen her. 倒装时省略if，把be动词were,或助动词had/should提至句首。 If I had time tomorrow, I would go to visit you. 切记：此句不倒装，因为had不是助动词而是实意动词“有”,=If he should do it,.,=If I were you,.,=If I had come,.,倒装,注意:3.有时假设的情况不是以条件从句表示出来，而是以一 个介词短语来表示。如： Without air ,there _ no living things. =If there were no air,. But

5、for your help I couldnt have done it. = ,. What _ you do with a million dollars now? =What would you do if you had a million dollars now?,would be,If it hadnt been for your help,would,注意:4.假设的情况有时隐含在上下文中。如： 我那天很忙，否则，我就去那儿了。 I was busy that day. Otherwise I _there. =If I hadnt been busy that day, I .

6、 我本来应该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。 I_ the work, but I have been ill. =If I hadnt been ill, I should have finished the work. 要是早来几个小时，你就能够见到这位著名作家了。 A few hours earlier, and you _the writer. =If you had come a few hours earlier, you.,would have gone,should have finished,could have seen,二、虚拟语气的其他用法 1虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在

7、“It is important (或strange，natural，necessary等)that.”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用_ e.g.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。 It is important that every member _ the rules. 他很有必要常听收音机。 It is necessary that he _ to the radio often.,should动词原形,(should) know,(should) listen,2虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法： (1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，从句通常省略连词that（注意

8、区分hope无此用法）。,I wish I_(知道)the answer to the question now. I wish I _(没有花) so much money. I wish we _(能去) to the moon one day.,didwere,had done,would/could/should/might do,knew,hadnt spent,could go,(2)在suggest，demand，order，insist，request，desire， require, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 _ I demand that he _

9、(答复)me immediately. The doctor ordered that the patient _(送) to hospital without delay. 注意:1.在与这些v.相关的主语从句中以及它们的名词所在 的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语用_ It is requested that he _(出发) at once. His advice was that the meeting _(推迟). What do you think of his suggestion that every class of the school _ (准备) a new year pa

10、rty?,should动词原形,(should) answer,(should) be sent,(should) leave,(should) be put off,(should) prepare,(should)+v.原,insist order command suggest advise recommend request require desire demand urge,一坚持 二命令 三建议 四要求 外加一个敦促,总结,使用（should） do的词,注意:2.suggest作“_”讲时，宾从不用虚拟语气 suggest作“_”讲时，宾从用虚拟语气 e.g. His pale

11、 face suggested he _ ill and we suggested that he _ to hospital at once. A.was, should send B.was, be sent C.should be, be sent D.be, was sent 注意:3.insist作“坚持说”讲时，宾从_虚拟语气 insist作“坚持(应该)”讲时，宾从_虚拟语气 e.g. He insisted that he _ innocent and that he _ free. A.was, should set B.should be, should be set C.

12、was, be set D.be, set,暗示，表明,建议,不用,用,3虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 (1)在even if/ even though, as if/as though引导的让步状语从 句中，有时用虚拟语气，规则与wish相同。 Even if he _ill, he would have gone to his office. He treats me as if I _a stranger. She learns English so hard as if she _(出国). Even if I _ a millionaire, I would work.,didwere

13、,had done,would/could/might do,had been,were,were,would go abroad,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么as if/as though和even if/even though从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 这肉吃起来似乎已变坏。（陈述语气） The meat tastes as if it _. 即使下雨，我们也要去那儿。（陈述语气） Even if it rains, we _. (2)在in order that/so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“can/could或may/might(有时也用should)动

14、词原形” Mr. Green spoke slowly so that/in order that his students _(听)clearly.,has gone bad,will go there,could (might) hear,4在“It is (high/about) time (that).”句型中，that从句的谓语动词常用_, 有时也用should do。 Its (high) time we _(做) our homework. 5.would rather后面的从句中多用虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反，用_; 表示与过去事实相反，用_。 I would rath

15、er they _(来) tomorrow. I would rather you _(没告诉) me this secret. 注意区分：I would rather stay than leave.,一般过去式,一般过去式,过去完成式,did,（这不是从句）,came,hadnt told,6if only后的虚拟语气用法与wish相同 If only I _ (是)a flying bird! If only I _(看) the film before! 7.用“may 动词原形”表示“_” ，此时may须置于 句首(多用于正式文体中)。如： May you _ happy！祝你快乐！

16、 8.would like to have done表示“过去本打算做而未做成” -Why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but an unexpected visitor came. A.am going to B.would like to have done C.would like to D.would like to have,祝愿,were,had seen,be,此时have不可省。,practice,1)We _(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. 2)If he _(lea

17、rn) at computers,we would have hired him to work here. 3)I wish you _(come) back to Washington with us,but thats for you to decide. 4)We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 5)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking

18、to me as if I _(do)it.,would be,had learned,would come,stayed,had done,1)It is required by law that a driving test_(take) before a man get a license. 2)I believe he must have had an accident;otherwise he _ _(arrive) on time. 3)The national smog serve as a constant reminder,indicating that its high time that we_(reflect) on ourselves 4)-How I wish I _(pass) the geography exam! -So you are sorry that you didnt work hard. 5)-It_(be)cool if I won this contest.I dont think Im good enough, though. -Give it a shot.You never know. 6)The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people.If on