M5P4 Grammar111.ppt

1、,M5,Grammar,Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句,时间状语从句引导词,when, while, as, since, before, after, until, till, as soon as, every time, hardly. when, no sooner. than, the moment, the instant, immediately, instantly, directly.,When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. was doing sth. whe

2、n was about to do sth. when was on the point of doing sth. . when,1. when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为 “当的时候”。从句的谓语动词可以 是延续的，也可以是短暂的。,连接词when的用法,2. when用于下列句式，意为“这时”。,Please dont talk so loud while others are working. Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue. While he is not perfect, but I still li

3、ke him.,连接词while的用法,1. while 引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”。引导的动作必须是持续性的。,2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”， 表示对比。,3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于 although。,1. as 可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一 边”。 She sang as she walked home all the way. 2. as 也可引导原因状语意为“因为”。 As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. 3. as 还可用来引导让步

4、状语从句（常用倒装 结构）意为“尽管”。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.,连接词as的用法,1)when 可表示一个时间点，也可表示一 个时间段。 When he came in, we were having supper. When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.,when, while, as 这三个连词都可表示 “当的时候”，使用时应注意：,连接词when, while, as的用法区别,2) while 则只表示一个时间段。它所引导 的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。 a. Wh

5、en/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. b. While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.,3) as 则强调主句和从句的动作在同一 时间进行; 也可表示“随着”。 a. She sang as she walked along. b. As the election approached, the violence （暴行）got worse.,till, until和notuntil的用法 We waited until/till he came. H

6、e wont go to bed until her father returns.,1. until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动 词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延 续到某时间点才停止”。如：,2. 用于否定句，主句谓语动词是非延续性 动词，意为“某动作直到某时才开始”。,3. till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4. notuntil句型中的强调和倒装。 a. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. b. Not until

7、you told me did I have any idea of it.,Every time I listen to music, Ill think of it 每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。,every time，each time，(the) next time，(the) last time，by the time the first time，any time等含time的短 语可引导时间状语从句。,可引导时间状语从句的time短语,名词型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 副词型 immediately, direc

8、tly, instantly 句式型 no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.,as soon as 的用法,as soon as表示“一就”，除 此之外，还有三类词都表示“一就” ,皆可引导时间状语从句。,The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope. 我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。 Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家就下雨。,【注意】如果 hardly，scarcely或no sooner 置于句首，句子必须用倒装结

9、构。,It is + 一段时间 + since从句（延续性动 词：反过来翻译。） It is 10 years since I smoked. (= I gave up smoking.) 自从我不抽烟已有10年了。,since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以 是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。一般 情况下从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主 句谓语动词用现在完成时。,It is five years since Tom smoked a cigarette. 汤姆不吸烟有五年了。 It is three years since he lived here. 他不在这住有三年了。 2. It is +

10、 一段时间 + since从句（短暂性 动词：直译。） It is five years since Tom began to smoke. 汤姆吸烟有五年了。 It is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有三年了。,Exercise,1. He was about to go to bed _ the doorbell rang. A. while B. as C. before D. when 2. It seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face. A. whe

11、n B. before C. after D. even if,3. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 4. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving,5. It was

12、 quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town. A. before B. after C. until D. unless 6. What was the party like? Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since,Adverbial Clauses of Condition,条件状语从句,条件状语从句引导词,if, unless, so/as long as, in case, once,

13、on condition that, supposing that/ suppose that (假设), provided that/ providing that (倘若)等。,一般情况下，在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，现在完成时表示将来完成时。 如：,Do not come unless I call you. unless 在意义上相当于ifnot,You will be late for school if you get up late. 如果你起晚了，你上学将迟到。,Exercise,1. My parents dont mind w

14、hat job I do _ I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 2. I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. A. whether B. unless C. because D. while,3. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _ there is a power out. A. if B. unless C. in c

15、ase D. so that 4. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. unless D. if,5. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain if B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 6. _ I ca

16、n see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. Because B. As far as C. Though D. Even if,Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句,让步状语从句引导词,although, though, as, while, whether, even if/though, no matter who/when/ what., however, whatever，whetheror,(1)although 和 though 尽管，虽然 a.

17、 He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money. b. Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.,He said he would come; he didnt, though.,though还可用作副词, 意为“可是， 然而”， 置于句末。,though 引导的从句不仅可以用于 自然语序，也可用于倒装语序。,Clever though you may be, you cannot do that.,Even though/if it

18、is raining, well go there. We wont be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times. Even if I were busy, I would go.,(2) even if 和even though 即使，纵然 两者都有退一步设想的意思，可通用。 从句中既可用陈述语气，也可用于虚拟语气。,Child as he is, he knows a lot. Try as he might, he could not find a job.,as 引导的让步状语从句用于书面语， 比though, although引导的

19、从句更有表现力，语气更强。as引导的从句一般放在主语之前，且必须使用倒装语序， 即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。,(4) while 虽然 a. While we dont agree on the matter, we continue to be friends. b. While the Internet is bridging the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.,while引导的让

20、步状语从句常位于句首， 相当于although, though。,a. Whether you believe it or not, it is true. b. Whatever (No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. c. Dont let them in, whoever (no matter who) they are. d. However (No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.,(5)whetheror 不管还是， 疑问词+ever=no matter +疑问词，不管，无

21、论,You can take whatever you like. Whoever leaves last should lock the door.,注意: whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。此时它们不能与no matter + 疑问词互换。,Exercise,1. _ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. Howe

22、ver serious a problem D. What serious a problem,2. _ advertisements are of great help, I dont think we should entirely rely on them. A. Since B. While C. Because D. As 3. Once again he failed to hand in his homework _ he had been given enough time to do it A. in case B. as though C. so that D. even

23、though,4. The old tower must be saved, _the cost. A. whatever B. however C. whichever D. wherever 5. It is hard to find a job today. I might at least get some work experience _ I dont get a good job. A. so that B. in case C. now that D. even if,实战高考, Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? I

24、dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach. (2008 全国I) A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that,2. Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _ I forget. (2008 上海春) A. thought B. so that C. in case D. until 3. _ this is only a small town, its crowded with tourists who come here

25、 all year round. (2008 上海春) A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although,4. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. (2008 北京) A. before B. since C. till D. after 5. Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. Ok, _ you make it short. (2008 安徽) A. now th

26、at B. if only C. so long as D. every time,6. Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himself. (2009 四川) A. until B. since C. unless D. while 7. A good friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. (2009 安徽) A. how B. whom C. when D. which,8. Shall we have ou

27、r picnic tomorrow? _ it doesnt rain. (2009 山东) A. Until B. While C. Once D. If 9. You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. (2009 北京) A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if,10. The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. (2010 全国) A. or B. unless C.

28、 but D. whether 11. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available. (2010 安徽) A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until,12. The girl had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. (2010 福建) A. before

29、 B. until C. as D. since 13. Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.(2010 湖南) A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as,14. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. (2011 江西) A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever

30、15. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter beard cries for help. (2011 浙江) A. after B. while C. since D. when,16. He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture. (2011 山东) A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that 17. As it reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded. (2011 四川) A. when B. before C. after D. since,18. It was a nice mea