8B Unit3 Grammar.ppt

1、Unit 3,Oxford English,Module 2 Arts and crafts,Grammar,Traditional skills,Active voice & Passive voice 主动语态&被动语态,Damin uses cormorants to catch fish. Damin uses several ways to attract fish. The cormorants bring the fish back to the boat.,(Active Voice)主动语态,Active sentences tell us who or what does

2、something.,主语+动词（谓语）+宾语,The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin.,No nets are required for this type of fishing.,Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South- East China,Passive sentences often do not tell us who or what does something.,Sth+ be+动词(done)+by sb,

3、(Passive Voice)被动语态,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一 个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are was were,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,动词过去分词(done)的变化:,Basic structure: 主 b

4、e + P.P. (done) by 表示“被”、“遭”、“受”等意义,We from the passive voice in the simple present tense like this.,I You/ We/ They He/ She/ It,We use _, _ or _+past participle to form the passive voice in the simple present tense.,Work out the rule,am( not) are (not) is (not),seen,Things to remember,When we want

5、to tell who or what does something in a passive sentence, we add a phrase with by. The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin.,am,are,is,His brother washes bowls every day,主（执行者）,谓,宾(承受者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,改为被动语态,承受者（承受动作的人/物）,执行者（做动作的人/物）,am/is /are + don

6、e,1.They make shoes in that factory.,一般现在时：,变为被动语态,am/is /are +过去分词(p.p),Shoes,are made,by them,Once a year, a new cormorant(1)_ by Damin. First, the cormorant eggs(2)_. Then the best one (3)_ and given to a chicken. After 26 days, the baby cormorant breaks out of the egg. Then it (4)_ by Damin hims

7、elf. For ten days, it (5)_ food every hour. The temperature (6)_ to keep the baby cormorant warm. The baby cormorant grows stronger. After two months, it can join the other cormorants on the boat.,Mary read another article about Damin and his birds in the newspaper. Complete the article with the ver

8、bs from the box in the present passive form.,bring up check control give look after take,is brought up,are checked,is taken,is looked after,is given,is controlled,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing

9、.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made by us in Beijing.,Exercise,We from the passive voice in the simple past tense like this.,I You/ We/ They He/ She/ It,We use _or _+past participle to

10、 form the passive voice in the simple past tense.,Work out the rule,was ( not) were (not) was (not),seen,were,was,2.He looked after the little baby yesterday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,一般过去时的被动语态：,was/were +过去分词(p.p),They bought ten computers last term,Ten comput

11、ers,were bought,by them,The film company wanted to make a programme about cormorant fishing, so we came from the UK to China. Many cormorant fishermen (1)_. In the end, Damin (2)_ because he is the best fisherman in his village. Then the camera and lights (3)_ to Damins village. Damin (4)_ by the ca

12、meraman. A boat (5)_ to film on the river.,Mary watched a TV programme about Damin. It was made by a film company from the UK. This is how they filmed the programme. Completed the passage with the verbs from the box in the past passive form.,choose film interview take use,were interviewed,was chosen

13、,were taken,was filmed,was used,They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Ou

14、r classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,Exercise,We from the passive voice in the simple future tense like this.,I You/ We/ They He/ She/ It,We use _+past participle to form the passive voice in the simple future tense.,Work out the rule,will (not) be,seen,wil

15、l be,Things to remember,Note the position of the verbs in passive questions: Is a piece of grass tied around the neck of each bird? Was a light hung on the post at the front of the boat? Will the fish be sold in the market?,3.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,T

16、om,tomorrow.,一般将来时： will+be+过去分词(p.p),They will finish the work in ten days.,The work,will be finished,by them,Thank you for your help, Damin. You did a wonderful job. Now the film (1)_ back to the UK. Well do some more work on it. Some music (2)_ to it. It (3)_ _ into a television programme. Then o

17、ur programme (4)_ in many countries around the world. It (5)_ by millions of people!,Mary watched a TV programme about Damin. It was made by a film company from the UK. This is how they filmed the programme. Completed the passage with the verbs from the box in the past passive form.,add make show ta

18、ke watch,will be taken,will be added,will be,made,will be shown,will be watched,1.We will hold a sports meeting next week. 2.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. 3.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be

19、 taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,Exercise,主变被步骤:,1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语),He washed his car yesterday.,His car,3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.,be,4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态.,2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词,washed,5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格).,(by him),yesterday.,i

20、s was,was,A traffic accident _(happen) just now.,happened,1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, dissapear, ,拓展：不用被动语态的动词：,2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become,Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.,sounds,1这些花闻起来很香。 2.那食物尝起来很可口。,These flowers smell sweet.,

21、The food tastes delicious.,3.某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能 的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表 达被动意义. 如:,The pen _ (write) very fast.,writes,This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.,sells,This kind of food sells well. 这种食物畅销。,This cloth washes well and lasts long. 这布料经洗、耐穿。,The floor doesnt cle