2015全国医学考博英语真题_W

1、医学考博英语历年真题2015 年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 Part I Listening Comprehension (30%) Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear

2、 the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example. You will hear:Woman: I fell faint.Man: No wonder You havent had a bite all day. Question: Whats the matter with the woman?You will

3、 read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer.16Now lets begin with question number 1.Sample Answer AB D1. A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleepingproblem.C. What followshis insomnia.D. The severity

4、of his medicalproblem.2. A. To take the medicine for a longer time.B. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. A. To tale it easy and continue to work.B. To take a sick leave.C. To keep awayfrom work.D. To have a follow-up.4. A. Fullness inthe st

5、omach.B. Occasional stomachache.C. Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severethan expected.D. Its hard to say.6. A. He has lostsome weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs toexercise more.D. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an

6、injection.B. She is listening to the mans heart.C. She is feeling the mans pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A. In the gym.B. In the office.C. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9. A. Diarrhea.B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. A cold.10. A. She hasdeveloped allergies.B. She doesnt know what allergi

7、es are.C. She doesnt have any allergies.D. She has allergies treated already.11. A. Listen to music.B. Read magazines.C. Go play tennis.D. Stay in the house.12. A. She isnt feeling well.B. She is under pressure.C. She doesnt likethe weatherD. She is feeling relieved.13. A. Michaels wife was illB. Mi

8、chaels daughter was ill.C. Michaels daughter gave birth to twins.D. Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A. She is absent-minded.B. She is in high spirits.C. She is indifferent.D. She is compassionate.15. A. Ten years ago.B. Five years ago.C. Fifteen years ago.D. Several weeks ago.Section BDi

9、rections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A. Ablood t

10、est.B. Agastroscopy.C. A chest X-ray exam.D. A barium X-raytest.17. A. To losesome weight.B. To take a few more tests.C. To sleep onthree pillows.D. To eat smaller, lighter meals.18. A. Potato chips.B. Chicken.C. Cereal.D. fish.19. A. UlcerB. CancerC. Depression.D. Hernia.20. A. He will try the diet

11、 the doctor recommended.B. He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C. He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D. He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A. A new concept ofdiabetes.B. The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C. The new management of diabeti

12、cs in the hospital.D. The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A. Because it vaporizes easily.B. Because it becomes overactive easily.C. Because it is usually in injection form.D. Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.23. A. The diabetics can be cured without taking syn

13、thetic insulin any longer.B. The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C. Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D. Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream。 C. It delivers glucose fro

14、m blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically complex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds ofinsulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes dont produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells

15、 to take sugar form blood.Passage Two26. A. Vegetative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetativepatients.D. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.27. A. The left-hand sid

16、e of the brain.B. The right-hand side of thebrain.C. The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain.28. A. 31.B. 6.C. 4.D. 1.29. A. The patient was brain-dead.B. The patient wasnt brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or s

17、he was making.30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part Vocabulary(10%) Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four wor

18、ds or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Despite his doctors note of caution, he never from drinking and smoking.A. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. absta

19、ined32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereoswith headsets is likely to their hearing.A. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD. supplement33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to Larry in any way i

20、n his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan_ .A. accordinglyB. alternativelyC. considerablyD. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can

21、 future adults with appreciation of music.A. acquaintB. familiarizedC. endowD. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy prices .A. level outB. stand outC. come offD. wear off37. Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands

22、 immediate from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola,

23、which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine, and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system is _ to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC.

24、translatableD. amenableSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your

25、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is

26、still a serious stigma attached to ADS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. Surviviors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude.A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. Scientists have inve

27、nted a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never d

28、istracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance andarbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47. The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclip

29、sed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.A. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent

30、 developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictable B. unconventional C. unparalleled D. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.A. estimatingB. handlingC. r

31、ectifyingD. anticipatingPart Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from

32、 cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth, _

33、52 tumors were discovered in her daughters cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the babys cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father, _53 would be expected if she had inheri

34、ted the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn childs body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case - microchimerism, 55 cells are exchanged between a mother

35、 and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 per cent of cases and to go the other way about half 56_.As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetushad been how cancer cells that have

36、slipped through the placental barrier could survive in thefetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cell

37、s as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched. 59 , according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of cancer danger. Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the rig

38、ht mutation to evade the babys immune system is extremely low.51.A. suggestsB. suggestingC. having suggestedD. suggested52.A. sinceB. althoughC. whereasD. when53.A. whatB. whomC. whoD. as54.A. predictedB. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55.A. whereB. whenC. ifD. whatever56.A. as manyB. as muchC. as wel

39、lD. as often57.A. threatB. puzzleC. obstacleD. dilemma58.A. detectionB. deletionC. amplificationD. addition59.A. ThereforeB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60.A. likelihoodB. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passage

40、s, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going t

41、hrough the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatme

42、nt study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost- effective one-size-fits-all approach to drag development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drags that only work for a small

43、 percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug its pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to

44、 the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two dru

45、g makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this ca

46、se a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never wouldve been two competing companies hadnt sat down and put their heads together.Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information? Whos to say, but

47、 it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncologys favorite four-letter word: cure.61. Which

48、of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals n

49、ow .A. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lions shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that .A. the development ca

50、n be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer

51、 to the question .A. is nowhere tobe foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. The tone of the author of this passage seems to be .A. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U.S., chiefly because once its det

52、ermined that a patient needs a new liver its very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, theres guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, succes

53、sfully transplanting culture-grown livers into rats.The livers arent grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver.The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins

54、and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold ( 支 架 ) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels

55、. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats vascular systems. However, the current method isnt perfect a

56、nd cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers cant keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant).But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel pro

57、blem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong - and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to .A. investigate the possibility of growing blood