汉译英中的逻辑关系处理.ppt

1、上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,汉译英中的逻辑关系处理周维上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心2006年3月17日,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,提纲,I.两种语言的差异 II.应对策略 III.总结,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,I.两种语言的差异,句子结构 动词形式 表达习惯,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,原文：推进义务教育均衡发展，/加快课程体系改革和招生考试制度改革，切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担，/不断加强教师队伍、特别是郊区中小学教师队伍建设，提高基础教育整体水平。初译: More support will be g

2、iven to education in ex-urban areas to promote balanced development of compulsory education. / We will push for curriculum and examination-based enrollment and reduce the excessive workload of primary and secondary school students. / We will continuously improve the competence of teachers and upgrad

3、e the overall level of primary education.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,原文：推进义务教育均衡发展，加快课程体系改革和招生考试制度改革，切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担，不断加强教师队伍、特别是郊区中小学教师队伍建设，提高基础教育整体水平。终译: To improve the overall quality of basic education, we will take various measures, such as promoting the balanced development of compulsory education, acc

4、elerating reforms of curricula and entrance examinations, reducing the excessive workloads primary and secondary school students face, as well as improving the skills of teachers, especially those in primary and secondary schools in ex-urban areas.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,II.应对策略,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,A. 分析

5、句子逻辑关系,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,分析逻辑关系原文：全市社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院进行了标准化建设，一大批公立医院得到了改建和扩建，/公共卫生应急处置和医疗服务能力明显增强。初译: We greatly strengthened our ability to handle public health emergencies and deliver health care/ by upgrading community health service centers and town/township clinics to meet defined standards, as

6、well as by renovating and expanding a large number of public hospitals.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,分析逻辑关系 原文：全市社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院进行了标准化建设，/一大批公立医院得到了改建和扩建，/公共卫生应急处置和医疗服务能力明显增强。 终译: We upgraded community health service centers and town/township clinics to meet defined standards,/ renovated and expanded a large n

7、umber of public hospitals, /and improved our capacity to handle public health emergencies and deliver health care.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,原文：保持速度与结构、质量、效益相统一初译：align speed with structure, quality and efficiency,分析逻辑关系,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,分析逻辑关系原文：保持速度与结构、质量、效益相统一终译：maintain momentum while pursuing struct

8、ural optimization, quality and efficiency at the same time,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,B. 搭建句子结构,调整句序 变换动词形式 添加,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,调整句序原文：完善新型农村合作医疗制度，加大政府投入力度，建立逐年递增的筹资机制，/ 进一步提高农民医疗保障水平。初译：The government will establish a funding system to increase its input year on year in developing the new rural cooperat

9、ive medical system / and make it an effective vehicle to enhance health care for farmers.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,调整句序 原文：完善新型农村合作医疗制度，加大政府投入力度，建立逐年递增的筹资机制，进一步提高农民医疗保障水平 。 终译: The government is committed to providing better health care to farmers by refining the rural cooperative medical system and incre

10、asing its inputs through a funding mechanism allowing for annual increments.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,调整句序 原文：健全法律法规、强化技术支撑、加强政策引导、明确管理职责、广泛宣传教育，/ 切实抓好节地节能节水节材，提高资源综合利用效率。初译：We must improve relevant laws and regulations, give a bigger role to technologies, / so as to make substantial achievements in the c

11、onservation of and enhance the efficiency of integrated resources consumption.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,调整句序原文：健全法律法规、强化技术支撑、加强政策引导、明确管理职责、广泛宣传教育，切实抓好节地节能节水节材，提高资源综合利用效率 。 终译: In order to attain tangible results in the conservation of land, energy, water and raw materials and enhance the efficiency of res

12、ource utilization, / we must improve relevant laws and regulations, and launch an extensive public awareness campaign.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,调整句序 原文：推进工业、交通、建筑和民用节能，/对消耗高、污染重、技术落后的工艺和产品实施强制性淘汰制度，/新建建筑严格实施节能50%的设计标准，强化能源需求侧管理。/加强风能、太阳能等新能源开发利用。初译：In order to step up our efforts of energy conservation /

13、we must impose close-down orders upon ./ We must also strengthen the management over the side of energy demand by forcefully applying the new rule / In addition, the development and use of new energies .,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,调整句序原文：推进工业、交通、建筑和民用节能，对消耗高、污染重、技术落后的工艺和产品实施强制性淘汰制度，新建建筑严格实施节能50%的设计标准，强化能源需求

14、侧管理。加强风能、太阳能等新能源开发利用 。 终译：Besides developing alternative energy sources , we must implement demand-side management to reduce energy consumption for . Measures in this regard must include phasing out and enforcing green design standards ,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,2. 变换动词形式,现在分词 过去分词,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,现在分词,

15、原文：落实上海实施科教兴市战略行动纲要，/ 科技创新力度明显加大，创新环境进一步优化。 初译: Effective measures were taken to implement Shanghais Plan of Action for Revitalizing the City through Science and Education. /More scientific and technological innovations were made and the environment for innovation was improved.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,现在

16、分词原文：落实上海实施科教兴市战略行动纲要，科技创新力度明显加大，创新环境进一步优化。 终译: We implemented Shanghais Plan of Action for Revitalizing the City through Science and Education, bolstering the innovation environment and making local technological innovation significantly more dynamic.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,过去分词,原文：错误和挫折教训了我们，使我们比较地聪明起

17、来了，我们的事情就办得比较好一些。（毛泽东选集四卷，1417页）1 译文：Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handle our affairs better. 1 引自汉英翻译教程P155,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,3. 添加,逻辑关系 概括性 标点符号,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,逻辑-目的关系,原文：以企业为主导,以项目为载体,/ 以产业化 导向,加强政策引导,/ 推动产学研紧密结合。 初译：Driven by businesses themselves and projects, /

18、 guided by various policies towards industrialization, / the industry, academia and research community could form an alliance.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,逻辑-目的关系,原文：以企业为主导,以项目为载体,以产业化 导向,加强政策引导,推动产学研紧密结合。 终译：We must use stronger policy incentives to encourage enterprises to take the lead in engaging univers

19、ities and the research community in collaborative research projects, so as to bring research results to the market faster.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,逻辑-并列关系,原文：（产业布局进一步优化，）中心城区服务业规模不断扩大，2005年第三产业增加值比重预计达到75%；/郊区先进制造业集聚发展。 初译：Specifically speaking, the service industry experienced on-going expansion in the

20、city proper which drove the share of the tertiary sector in the citys added value up to almost 75%./ , the ex-urban areas has become an important base of manufacturing industry.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,逻辑-并列关系,原文：（产业布局进一步优化，）中心城区服务业规模不断扩大，2005年第三产业增加值比重预计达到75%；郊区先进制造业集聚发展。 终译：On the one hand, the city pr

21、oper has seen its service sector grow in size, now accounting for 75% of its economic growth. On the other hand, Shanghais ex-urban areas are attracting and spawning more and more manufacturing businesses.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,逻辑-因果关系,原文：消费需求逐步扩大，投资和出口结构继续优化，/ 保持了投资、消费、出口共同拉动经济增长的格局。 初译：We gradually e

22、xpanded the consumption demand and continued to optimize the investment structure and export mix / so that our economy was driven together by investment, consumption and export.,上海市人民政府外事办公室翻译服务中心,逻辑-因果关系,原文：消费需求逐步扩大，投资和出口结构继续优化，/保持了投资、消费、出口共同拉动经济增长的格局。 终译：Consumption demand has been growing steadily and the structure of investment and exports is becoming more a