主动语态与被动语态(ppt).ppt

1、LECTURE 5,Passive voice,是谁十月怀胎，孕育了我们的生命？是谁无微不至地照顾我们，细心呵护我们的成长？又是谁在我们最无助、最需要帮助的时候，始终陪伴左右？ 答案毫无疑问，是母亲。 同学们，你们是否曾经轻靠在自己妈妈的肩头，亲昵地对她说上一句“妈妈，我爱你”呢？如果没有，当你们看过妈妈，我爱你这本书后，我相信你一定会对妈妈说：“妈妈，我爱你！”虽然只有短短的五个字，但在妈妈的心中、耳中，这五个字重若千斤。 这本书介绍了一个叫小小的小女孩，她和我们一样，每天都无忧无虑地上学玩耍，生活得很快乐。可是有一天，她突然晕倒了。不幸就从这时候开始，她被检查出患有一种很严重的病，需要进行

2、肝脏移植手术。要不然，她年幼的生命就将受到威胁。医生说，只要换肝，小小就可以活下来。医生给出两个方案，要么花15万元买肝源做手术，要么用亲属的肝脏实行器官移植。小小的妈妈毫不犹豫地站出来，说要把自己肝脏的一部分移植给小小。然而经过检查，小小的妈妈患有重度脂肪肝，不适合做手术。医生告诉她，她可以通过减肥的方式减掉脂肪肝，但不是很有把握。但是小小的妈妈说即便只有1%的希望能够拯救女儿的生命，她都不会放弃。于是，她选择了“暴走,Tom broke the window. （主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） ,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,主动语态,被动

3、语态,（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）,从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中 变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被 动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语， 因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。,被动语态的构成,被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词,常见的被动结构,1 SVO句型的被动结构 SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) (+ by短语)。 He wrote the book two years ago. The book was written by him two

4、years ago. .2 SVoO句型的被动结构 SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) + O/o(保留宾语) (+ by短语)。 My aunt gave me an apple. * I was given an apple. An apple was given to me. 一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）,3 SVOC句型的被动结构 SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V

5、(被动式) + C(主语补足语) (+ by短语)。 People usually call me Jim for short. I am usually called Jim for short 在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带to 4 短语动词的被动结构 短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + 介词/副词 (+ by短语)。 在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的for, off, of）不能遗漏。 We have sent for a doctor. A doctor has been sent for

6、 5 带情态动词的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构是：S + V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式) (+ by短语) You must do it at once. It must be done at once.,各种时态的被动结构练习,1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 2、John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.

7、 would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished 3、- Have you moved into the new house ? - Not yet .Rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted,一般时态：am/is/are +过去分词,现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词,过去时态：was/were +过去分词,4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we

8、went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D. was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish 6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited

9、C. was inviting D. would be invited,过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词,一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would + be+过去分词,7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building 8、He came out and told us that the work _.

10、A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D. can be picked up,现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词,过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词,情态动词：情态动词+be +过去分词,不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。 The book was first published i

11、n the late 1990s. b)不便说出动作的执行者。 The plan was generally considered impractical. c)突出动作的承受者。 She is respected by all the workers of the factory. d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. e)为了保持主语的一贯性。 The old professor wheeled himself into the classroom and was warmly applauded by

12、 the students.,何时用被动语态,4）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best, make a face, make room(腾位子）， make up ones mind, belong to,不用被动语态的情况 ,1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place The story was happened in 1934. ( ）,2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit I have a new bike.,3）连系动词不用被动语态； The story is sounded true. ( ）,1）感

13、官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth . 2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。 The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 ),特殊情况,3）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。 The desk needs repa