运动治疗计划.ppt

1、运动计划的评论分析Critical Analysis of Exercise Programs,付 奕 中山大学附属第三医院康复医学科 Email: sundy_,Designing an exercise program: why exercise ?,Common aims： Improve and keep health General aims： muscle strength endurance flexibility skill,Establishing a baseline by which improvement can be measured,To test strength

2、 To test flexibility To test endurance To test skill,To test strength,治疗师常用的方法： MMT、测力计、等速仪等 在一般的运动计划中： Abdominal muscles Sit-ups, straight-leg lifts Muscles of the upper limb Push-ups, chin-ups, throw ball Back muscles Prone-lying chest and leg lifts Muscles of the lower limb Jumping,To test streng

3、th Abdominal muscles,Sit-ups Feet unsupported is more effective than the full sit-up with feet supported. Start position to 45- primarily performed by rectus abdomins. 45to sitting position- primarily performed by iliacus muscle Half curl-up is used to test abdominal muscle strength,To test strength

4、 Abdominal muscles,To test strength Abdominal muscles,To test strength Abdominal muscles,Straight-leg lifts 背部保持平直，不能弓背。 弓背意味着腹肌力量不足以对抗髂腰肌的拉力 髂腰肌只是完成高举和放下双腿的动作 对于有腰部活动过度或不稳定的患者此法不安全 下肢保持屈曲90度，做骨盆前倾的次数。,To test strength Abdominal muscles, : 90 - 75 + : 74 - 60 - : 59 - 45 : 44 - 30 + : 29 - 15 : 14 -

5、 0 ,To test strength Muscles of the upper limb,Push-ups Muscles of the trunk, hip and knee joints; triceps brachii; pectoralis major. It is hard for someone. The position of the hands and shoulder joint can affect the difficulty.,To test strength Muscles of the upper limb,latissimuc dorsi muscles, b

6、iceps brachii, brachialis. Pull-ups (pronated grip ) Palms facing away. Less biceps, more back. Harder. Chin-ups (supinated grip ) Palms facing you. Work your biceps more. Easier. a difficult exercise to master Throw ball,To test strength Back muscles,Prone-lying chest lifts,To test strength Muscles

7、 of the lower limb,Long/high jump Calf raises Gastrocnemius: with knee extended Soleus: with knee flexed : more than 6 repetitions : 3-5 repetitions :1-2 repetitions,To test flexibility,Hamstring Back,Between the spinous processes of C7 and S2,Toe-touch test,To test flexibility,Pectoralis major Shor

8、t upper neck extensors Trunk and hip flexors Ankle plantarflexors Quadriceps Triceps brachii Deltoid,To test endurance,Local muscle endurance Cardiovascular endurance,To test skill,Coordination Agility Balance Timing Velocity,To test skill,Tai Chi has been shown to improve balance and co-ordination

9、Agility Figure of 8 Zigzags (Z字型) Shuttle runs (快速的往返跑) Cariocas Retrorunning Sport specific drills,Establishing realistic goals,Exercise to increase strength Exercise to increase flexibility Exercise to increase endurance Exercise to increase skill,Exercise to increase strength,Higher intensity low

10、er repetition Increase the torque or the arm of force,Exercise to increase strength,The common mistake Hard to performance Isometric ex. for the stabilizers Isotonic ex. for the prime movers Cause strain,Exercise to increase strength,The common mistake Bilateral straight-leg raising tilts the pelvis

11、 anteriorly, cause the back strain Start at 90, movement is stopped when no longer maintain the posterior pelvic tilit. Knee to chest ex. Scissors Curl-ups Increase the intervertebral disk pressure,Exercise to increase strength,Overuse cause poor posture Flexion exercise Keep balance Combine with ex

12、tension exercise Did not identify the discomfort caused by the strain and fatigue Strain tearing (part or all) of the muscle fibers and the tendons usually occur during activities that require the muscle to tighten forcefully feel a burning sensation, muscle looks bruised or swells Fatigue is a weak

13、ness caused by exertion Soreness,Exercise to increase strength,Movement of the original design was altered or exaggerated Fire hydrant Strengthen the gluteus maximus 必须有良好的骨盆稳定性，保持骨盆中立位，hip完成其范围内的位置时，停止伸直及外转的动作 抬起大腿范围过大，会造成SIJ及腰椎的额外压力 有潜在的危险性 Side-lying abduction Strengthen the gluteus medius/minimu

14、s 底下的腿屈曲以固定，上面的腿必须与躯干呈一直线，外展角度大约30-45。 夸大这个动作，会伴随过多的屈曲及转动，造成tensor fasciae latea 张力增加及knee pain。,Exercise to increase strength,The insecurity of biomechanical view Bridging 传统的姿势会造成颈椎过度受压，使椎间盘受伤 改良为双脚及上背上推 Duck waddle / deep-knee bends 深蹲会造成knee的结构损伤 改为半蹲，0-60。,Exercise to increase strength,Muscles

15、strength training program, a set of safety recommendations. P723 8 points,Exercises to increase flexibility,The common mistake Emphasize inappropriate Unbalance of the flexibility Ballistic stretch Pain Mistake biomechanics,Exercises to increase flexibility,Mistake biomechanics Toe-touch/ push-ups Knee or elbow must keep a slight flexion Genu recurvatum Gastrocsoleus stretch 避免脚掌向外，尽量使脚掌朝内，可卡住足部，稳定足弓。,Exercises to increase flexibility,Muscles flexibility training program