过去式与过去进行时.ppt

1、1,一、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,用法1: 表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或者存在的状态.,He often goes for a walk after supper. The boy usually gets to school early. He always works hand.,此用法常与一些表示动作频率的时间副词连用(副词放在be动词之后, 实义动词之前). 1.every 系类 （day ,week, month, year） 2.频度副词 always, usually, sometimes, often, never等. 3.循环时间 on Mondays （每周一）i

2、n the mornings 每天早上 on weekends 每周末 on school days 上学期间,2,用法2:客观事实或普遍真理,The earth moves around the sun. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Three plus seven is ten.,用法3:表示现在存在着的状态或主语常带有的特征或性格,The cake tastes really good. We are busy now. He is an easy-going person.,3,用法4:表示已经安排或计划好的，将来必定

3、会发生的，或不易改变的动作或存在的状态，如根据飞机、火车、汽车时刻表而来的班次、车次时间等。,My plane takes off at 9:00 a.m. The train leaves at three this afternoon.,常用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, close, open, return, take off 等,4,用法5:在时间或条件状语从句中有时用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作.,Ill call you the moment I arrive in Xian. If it rains tomorrow, we

4、ll stop running on the playground Ill give the book to him as soon as I see him.,主要用在条件状语从句(if, unless)和时间状语从句(when, as soon as, before, after等）中, 表示将来动作.,主将从现,5,现在进行时的构成,be (am is are)+doing,6,现在进行时的用法,1.现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。 例：They are having an English lesson.他们正在上英语课。 2.现常与阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作，常与表示一段时间

5、的副词连用（these days,this week等）例如：We are working on a farm these days.这几天来我们在农场工作,7,3.和always等频度副词连用，表示说话人的厌烦、气愤、赞许等情绪。 例如：Mary is always coming late.玛丽老是迟到。(生气） 4.表示将来的动作。（参看一般将来时的用法）,8,时间标志,1.时间状语： now ，right now 目前 此时 at the moment ， at present; It is _oclock;these days,this week 2 句首引起注意 Look, List

6、en! where? eg. Where is Lily? She is helping her mother in the kitchen . 祈使句 Eg Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.,9,三、一般过去时态,一般过去时的基本用法,用法1: 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态.,He was late for school this morning. I bought this computer three years ago. I was tired last night, so I went to bed early.,10,用法2: 表示过去经常或反

7、复发生的动作。 可以用“used to+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”来表示。,He took a walk after supper when he was alive. He used to do morning exercises. When I was a little girl, I used to play in the park. *He would go to school every morning when he was a teacher.,标志词,yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year,

8、night, month), 时间词+ago，（two years ago，a moment ago=just now）, in/on+表示过去的时间词（ in 1989）, just now（刚才）, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago（很久以前）, once upon a time（曾经） this morning,12,动词过去式的规则变化：,1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ed. 如：look （动词原形）looked （动词过去式） play （动词原形）played （动词过去式）,2.结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d. 如：like （动词原形）l

9、iked （动词过去式） hope（动词原形）hoped （动词过去式）,3.重读闭音节：在单词后三位中,第一个为辅音（除a,e,i,o,u外的字母）,第二个为元音（a,e,i,o,u）,第三个为辅音,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed，除了x，w结尾 showed fixed 如：plan （动词原形）planned（动词过去式） stop （动词原形） stopped（动词过去式）,4.结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-ed . 如：cry （动词原形）cried （动词过去式）,be,was,were,单数,复数,基本结构,肯定形式 否定形式 主+was/were+ 主+w

10、asnt/werent+ 主+Ved + 主+didnt +V+ 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 Was/Were+ 主+ 疑问词+was/were+主 Did +主+V+ 疑问词+did+主+V,14,巩固练习： When I was a child, I often _(play) football in the street. Yesterday I _(go) swimming. I _ a book the day before yesterday. My mother _(not do) housework yesterday. There _ (be) a telephone call

11、for you just now. Tom and Mary _(come) to China last month. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?,played,went,read,didnt do,was,came,didnt go,began,were,过去进行时,过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。,用法

12、,1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间点或者时间段正在进行的动作。 如： He was working the moment his father came 他爸爸进来的时候他在工作。 He was sleeping the whole night yesterday. 他昨晚一整晚都在睡觉。,2. 过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 如： I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车 【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。能否让我搭一下车。,3. 过去进行时表示感

13、情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。 如： They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。,时间标志词,just then(那时), at this time yesterday, yesterday afternoon, at that time, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, those days，this morning或以when, w

14、hile，as引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。,结构,过去进行时和一般过去时区别,1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完）,2）一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。 如： She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。 She was wa

15、ving to me. 她一直朝我挥手。,when, while区别,他们作从属连词时都有“当. 时候”之意，用法稍有不同： 1.when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。,when +短/延 while +延,以when, while及as引导的时间状语从句 延续性动词：指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。 如：work、study、drink、eat等。 非延续性动词：指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束如：start、begin、jump、knock等。,2.when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词则用

16、一般过去时，主句是延续性动词则用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内（长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时）；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词则全部用过去进行时,这时when和while都可以用。,eg. I was playing computer games when my father got home. (2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. （3）She got home while/when her mother was cooking .,3. when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动

17、作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。,When用法,He was about to leave when he came across an old friend. He had just left home when a friend visited him He was working when his friend came,While 有表对比的概念，译成 “然而” eg I was cleaning the floor while he was watching TV.,The children _(play) football at

18、four yesterday afternoon. The baby _ (sleep) when the mother came back.,was sleeping,were playing,完成下列句子 1）The Barber _(在给我理发）at this time yesterday.,was cutting my hair,2) They _ (在买纪念品）when the UFO arrived. 3）The boys and girls_(在唱歌） last night. 4)You _（在打篮球）yesterday afternoon, werent you? 5) What _ To_(在做什么）at noon yesterday?,were buying souvenirs,were singing,were playing basketbal