医学专业英语词根

1、.SuffixMeaningExample-acpertaining tocardiac: pertaining to the heart属于，关于心 （病）的-alpertaining tomedical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining tomolecular: pertaining to a molecule分子的-arypertaining tociliary: pertaining to the ciliabelonging to睫毛的 , 毛的 ,毛状的-aseenzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts

2、 starch to sugar淀粉 -clesmallnessfollicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小 ,少 , 乏 ,小气小囊 ,( 的 )毛囊-ean instrument 器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear ( 耳 用的)耳 -ealpertaining tolaryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的 , 喉音的-iacondition; qualityphobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-icpertaining totoxic: per

3、taining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepaediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases儿科学-ine/insubstance 物 insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas胰 素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which beco

4、mes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who specializes inpharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs药精通于 的人理 家-itisinflammation refers to a partrhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passagesin鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎 部位的炎症-(i)umrelation to a whole; related tendometrium: inner lining of the uter 子 内膜o与 相关-ivechar

5、acterizes byantitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳 -lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an acdevelopment: thing which develops or is being developed; action otionf becoming mature-oidresembling; likemucoid: resembling mucus像粘液 的-olelittle; smallcentriole: the s

6、mall dense structure in the middle of the centrosome.-omatumor; swelling refers to a doer-or/-ereither a person or thing细胞中心粒；中心体dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli 感受器，受体-orycharacterized by; pertainingsuspensory: which is

7、 hanging downto悬吊式，悬带-osesugarfructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal conditiononychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail嵌甲-ouspertaining topoisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖体-umstru

8、cture; thing; substancemagnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）结构，物质-ycondition; act; processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffixMeaningExample-algiapain; painful; conditionarthralg

9、ia: pain in a joint 关节痛-aseenzymeprotease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞胎-carcinom malignant tumor developingadenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissuafrom connective tissue 相关 e 腺癌组织的恶性肿瘤-celeprotrusion; distention 突出； esophagoce

10、le: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出膨胀，延伸-centesissurgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clastcellphagocyte:

11、cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dyniapainglossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/expansion; dilation( 膨胀，扩 atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth肺不张-ectasis张 )-ectomysurgical excision or removalgastrectomy: surgical removal of

12、the stomach 胃切除术of-edemaexcessive accumulation of smyxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not proerous fluid 水肿duce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal nu.mber of leucocytes form in the blood白血病-emesisvom

13、iting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced orpathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing diseaseprouduces病菌，病原体-genesisproduction 生产spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生-globinprotein 蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing

14、protein produced by erythrocytes血红素-gnosisknowledgediagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination-gramimage; pictureelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart

15、disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram心电图-graph(y)process of recordingelectocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocard记录过程iograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录-iasiscondition; statecholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症情况，状况-iatry/healing, frequently refers topodiatry: trea

16、tment of foot disorders-iatricsa branch of medicine 康复， 足部医疗常指医学的一个分支-lithstonecholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder胆结石-logythe study ofcytology: the science study of cells 细胞学-logistone who studies and treatsurologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生

17、-lysisbreakdown, destructionhemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin 溶血-malaciasofteningosteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化-maniaextreme compulsion or preokleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖ccupation 强迫症-megalygiantacromegaly: a

18、condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症-metry/measurementspirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled-meteror the air capacity of the lungs 肺 (活 )量测定 (法 ),呼吸量测定 (法 )-odyniapaincardiodynia: pain in the heart region心痛，胸痛-on

19、ehormone 荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood,bones, and teeth 甲状旁腺激素-opiaa defect in the eye 眼睛的毛 myopia: being short-sighted 近视病-opsyto viewbiopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检-osismorbid condition 病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmiasmel

20、lanosmia: loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失.-ostomyprocess of making an openingastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surfaceg into or a connection betweof the abdomen into the stomach 胃造口术en造瘘-oxialevel of oxygen 氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧

21、-pathydisease; diseased conditionophthalmopathy: any eye disease 眼病-peniadeficiencyleukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia 白细胞减少症-pepsiadigestioneupepsia: good digestion 消化良好-pexya fixing or setting firmly inhepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术place by

22、 suturing缝合固定-phagia/peating; swallowing吃，吞咽 dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难hagy-philattraction 吸引，具有吸引力 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains gran的事物ules 嗜碱性粒细胞-phobiafearxenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasiaformation; developmenthyperplasia: ove

23、rdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大-phoniavoicedysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难-plasmformation; growth or substacytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆nce of formation-plastysurgical repairosteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术-plegiastroke; paralysis 中风therm

24、oplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病-pneabreathingeupnea: normal breathing 呼吸正常，平静呼吸-ptosisa falling, the dropping or saghepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂ging of an organ 器官下移-ptysisspitting 分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液 ;咳黑痰-poiesisproductionhemopoiesis: production of blo

25、od cells造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation月经过多-rrhagia-rrhaphysurgical sewing or suturingsplenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen 脾修补术-rrheaoverflowhydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢-(o)rrhexisplitting or rupture 撕裂， 破 amniorrhexis: rupture of th

26、e amniotic acs裂，疝气羊膜破裂-sarcomamalignant tumor developingliposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fatfrom connective tissue脂肪肉瘤-schesisa holding back; suppressionuroschesis: suppression of urine 闭尿，尿潴留of discharge 阻碍；抑制排放-sclerosisa hardeningdermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scopeinstrument f

27、or viewingstethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听.诊器-scopyprocess of examining visuallhepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查y-spasminvoluntary contractionangiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛-stasissuppression; stoppage; contr hemostasis: the

28、arrest of bleedingol; arrest 抑制，中止止血，止血法-stenosisabnormal narrowing of a dularyngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx喉狭窄ct or canal 管、道德异常狭窄-stomysurgical opening to the outsicolostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colonde of the body 造口结肠造口术-tentionpressurehypertention: hig

29、h blood pressure 高血压-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means 物理疗法-tionprocesshospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院-tocialabor; birth 生产embryotocia: abortion 流产-tometool for incisionarthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀-tomyprocess of cutting int

30、ogastrotomy: incision of the stomach胃切开术-tropiaturning 转弯，变向esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视-trophynourishment or developmentdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营of an organ 器官的营养、 发 养不良育-uriaa condition of the urine （ 小 dysuria: difficultly in passing urine排尿困难便）-

31、versionturningeversion: a turning outward 外翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesPrefixMeaningExamplea-/an-without; notaphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语症ab-away fromabortion: expulsion from the uterus流产ad-to; toward; nearadnasal:

32、 near the nose 近鼻的acro- a point or tipacronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲alb-whitealbino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者amb-/bothambisexual、ambi-bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋amphi-both; both sidesamphicentric: beginning and ending in the same ves

33、sel 起 止同源/的血管ampho-ana-up; back againanabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances onthe basis of simpler ones 合成代谢Angio-a blood vesselangioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤.ante-beforeantenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth出生前的，怀孕期的anti-againstantidep

34、ressant: (drug) used to treat depression 抗抑郁剂audi-hearing; soundaudiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定auto-selfautoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body sown cells自身抗体bi-two; twicebicellular: two cells 两室的bio-living organisms 生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady-slowbradycar

35、dia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulserate 心动过缓carcin-carcinoma or cancer 癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance 致癌物cata-downwards; under; against;cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes haalong withrd and opaque 白内障centi-one hundredth 百分之一centimeter: u

36、nit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米co(n)-with or togetherconsanguineous: blood relationship 血亲的，血缘的，密切的contra-againstcontraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs避孕法，节育法de-removal or lossdecaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed脱去咖啡因的deca-tendecagram:

37、 ten grams 十克deci-tenthdeciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升di-twodiglossia: a double tongue 使用两种语言dia-through; between; apart; across diathermy: process of (treating) through heat透热疗法dis-reversal or separatedisintegrate: to come to pieces 分解，破裂dys-bad; difficult; di

38、sordereddysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形echo-soundechocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记， 超声心动描记术ect-/outside or outerecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外ecto-生软骨瘤en-in; withinenostosis: benign growth inside a bone 内生骨疣endo-insideendocardi

39、um: membrane which lines the heart 心内膜epi-on; overepidermis: outer layer of skin 表皮ery-rederythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞eso-inward; within( 向内 )esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视eu-goodeugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection 优生学ex-/ exout ofex

40、hale: to breath out 呼出o-extra-outsideextracapsular: outside a capsule 囊外的.hemi-halfhemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body偏 瘫 ,半身麻痹 ,半身不遂hydro-waterhydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as thescrotum 阴囊积水hyper-higher or too muchhyperglycaemia: excess of gl

41、ucose in the blood高血糖症hypo-less or too littlehypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood低血钾in-in or intoinbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配in-notincoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次infra-below or beneathinfrapatellar: below or beneath th

42、e patella髌inter-betweeninterlobular: between lobules 小叶间的intra-insideintramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord髓内itro-intointrovert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state 性格内向的人mal-bad or abnormalmalfunction: abnormal working of an argan 机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障meta-changes

43、metaplasia: change of one tissue to another化生，转化，组织变形micro-very smallmicrocyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞mid-middlemidcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones 腕骨间的milli-one thousandthmilligram: unit of measurement of weight毫克mis-error or wrongmiscarriage: spontaneous abortion 流产multi-m

44、anymultigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct-at nightnocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night 夜尿症nona-nine or the ninethnonagon: flat shape which has nine sides 九边形octa-eightoctan: every eight days 八日热；每隔八日发一次的o

45、dont-teethodontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disordersonco-tumoursoncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学oro-mouthorolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的pachy-thickeningpachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick 躯体肥厚pali-/

46、against; pathologic repetitionpalindromic: (disease) which recurspalin-病态的重复复发的，再发的pan-/pa allpancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of tnt-/he blodd 全血细胞减少症panto-para-similar to or near; changed or bparalyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot functeyondion

47、使麻痹，使瘫痪.pen-/fivepentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urinepenta-戊糖尿per-throughpercutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的peri-aroundpericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎pero-deformed or defective畸形有 peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs缺陷的四肢不全pharma d

48、rugsco-pleo-/too manypleio-pluri-morepneum- air or the lungs; breathing /pneunmo-poly-touching many organspharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, prope rties and characteristics 药理学，药物学pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of c ells in cerebrospinal fluid 多