002英汉翻译知识.ppt

1、机械工程英语,Mechanical Engineering English,英汉翻译知识（Tips）,翻译实际上就是根据两种语言的不同，做出相应的处理，将一种语言所表达的某一意义内容用另一种语言表达出来； A）两者的词汇不同 Machine-机器；electricity-电； Machine-machines; develop-develops-developed-is developed B）两者的句子结构不同 A hydropress is a press operated by hydraulic pressure. 液压机是靠液压工作的压力机。 C）两者的习惯表达方式不同 第三层楼-t

2、he second floor（英式英语）. 优点很多-There are many good points.,英译汉的一般知识：（Common Knowledge）,N2 is less dense than air.-,氮比空气更不密。,氮的密度比空气小,When the circuit increases in length- When the length of the circuit increases,翻译的任务在于通过一种语言的词汇、语法结构、习惯表达方式理解句子的意义内容之后，以另一种语言的词汇、语法结构、习惯表达方式将该意义内容表达出来，决不能根据一些词汇或语法的表面现象从一

3、种语言直接跳跃到另一种语言： A）错误一：只着重词汇方面 The production of aluminum is second only to that of iron and steel. B）错误二：根据一些专业知识去猜想或拼凑其意义 Even metal plates can be pierced through by laser beam. C）错误三：忽略了习惯表达方式 Mild steels are not so hard as high- or medium-carbon steels. Silver is the most conductive metal. Medium-

4、carbon steels contain more carbon than mild steels. To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.,英译汉的一般知识：（Common Knowledge）,铝的生产是只不过那个铁和钢的第二。,铝的产量仅次于钢铁【的产量】,平滑的金属板可以通过激光束,甚至金属板也能被激光束穿透,In conclusion, 正确的翻译应该是首先弄清词义，弄清句子结构，然后在确切理解原文的基础上，根据汉语习惯和科技特点表达出来。,英译汉，最大的问题是词义的选择（针对多义词）； A）科技专业词汇一般

5、一词一义 Gear slotter, proton B）一类多义词：要从上下文的联系、词汇搭配、专业内容等方面进行判断，正确选择词义 Sciences develop very fast. The photographic developing process The formulas developed C）多类多义词：除参考B）以外，要先确定属于何种词类，再判断词义 People like using tapered files. (vt.) Like poles repel each other. (adj.) A planer is like a shaper in many resp

6、ects. (prep.) Rubbers, wood, ceramics, and the like are good insulators. (n.) D）除考虑词汇意义外，也要考虑语法意义 Sciences develop very fast.,弄清词的意义：（Clarify the meaning ）,So, 词义的选择必须根据词在剧中的逻辑地位与语法地位来考虑，不能孤立进行，例如： The value of can be found from the following formula. A boring machine is used to bore holes.,翻译时可能会遇到

7、词典上的词义“不够用”的情况，一方面需要在基本词义的基础上引伸出比较确切的词义（次要意义）；另也需结合单词在句中的须发地位与逻辑地位来进行（如根据词形变化赋予的语法意义） Wonderful laser tools are now available. Mechanics is the study of the motion of objects. Steel is among the strongest of all constructional materials. Semiconductors exist in nature; but men did not know much abou

8、t them. The electrodes of a transistor are the emitter, the collector and the base. 翻译时要充分注意固定用法或成语,弄清词的意义：（Clarify the meaning ）,有些词与一些反义词连用时，意义却是一样的 Slow up-Slow down 有些词与一些并非明显的反义词连用时，意义却相反(如over-前缀) This point must not (should not) be overemphasized. This point can not be overemphasized.,弄清词的意义：

9、（Clarify the meaning ）,词义与句子结构弄清以后，需用恰当的汉语表达出来；这将涉及到所谓的翻译技巧，如：省词、加词、重复、词类转换、句子成分转换、句子数量增减、全句改译等，尽量做到在正确表达原句意义的情况，译文通顺，符合汉语习惯 The fact that force and counterforce are equal and opposite can be proved in many ways.（省词、加词） The book consists of 500 pages, with many pictures in it.（重复） Conductors behave

10、differently from insulators.（词类转换） Iron and copper, which have many good properties, are widely used in industry. （句子成分转换） Two elements combine to form water: they are hydrogen and oxygen. （句子数量减少） If not well insulated, the wire is dangerous. （全局部分改译）,用汉语确切表达：（Express Accurately ）,Tickle sb. pink S

11、eal sb.s lips,Idioms,Riddles,1. Q: Which can move faster, heat or cold?,A: Heat, because you can catch cold.,A: Three and a half minutes.,2. Q: If it takes three and a half minutes to boil one egg, how long does it take to boil four eggs?,Homework Please translate the paragraph below in Chinese 1.A beam freely supported at the ends is called a simple beam.（P389，词义引申） 2. The procedure varies quite a lot, dependent upon the nature of the material used. （P393，句子数量增加） 3. For two wires connected in series, th