【60天冲刺】2012年高考二轮三轮总复习 第4部分-阅读填空专题课件（课标专用）

1、第四部分阅读填空,第四部分 考纲解读,自2009年开始，多个地区采用“七选五”型阅读填空题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子填入相应的空缺处。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握”。,第四部分 命题分析,阅读填空(七选五)透析,第四部分 命题分析,阅读填空题实际跟传统题型完形填空有相似之处，完形填空空出的是词，而阅读填空空出的是句子。但是它们的考查方式都是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。

2、另外，从该题型给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点：该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。,第四部分 应试点睛,1先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，阅读填空题的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判定该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。,第四部分 应

3、试点睛,2再看空前空后。由于阅读填空题空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的句子中的某个词的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。 3留意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要留意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词。代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，通过代词在句子中所作的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，接下来我们要做的就是从选项中找出这类句型就可以了。,第四部分 应试点睛,4留意一些特殊疑问词。假如选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的。

4、比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词；对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语；对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词；对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。,第四部分 应试点睛,5留意一些连词。一些表示转折的连词如but, however, yet, though, nevertheless等，另外还有一些连词如and, also, as well as, neithernor, eitheror, not only but also, on (the) one hand，on the other hand等。由于这些连词可以体现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推

5、断句子与句子之间的不同关系。,专题一 说明文型阅读填空,专题一说明文型阅读填空,专题一 真题典例,2011辽宁卷 Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Shar Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing._1_ Read on for some techniques worth trying. 1_2_,专题一 真题典例,People who regular

6、ly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study._3_ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who

7、are working on long or short term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. 2Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity,专题一 真题典例,can help get blood glucose down to normal levels

8、. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain._4_ 3Learn something new. Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your

9、 brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time._5_ Or go dancing with your friends.,专题一 真题典例,AFocus on the future. BThis can be especially harmful to the aged. CIt should be something like learning gardening. DSo take a few minutes each day to do some reading. EBut

10、 dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life changing events. FLuckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. GIn other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.,专题一 真题典例,【解析】本文为说明文，介绍如何预防大脑衰老、记忆遗忘的方法。 1F根据空前面的that can be a very annoying th

11、ing(这是让人感到烦恼的事情)以及下文给出的建议，可知此处为过渡句，故选F。 2A后文提到made plans and looked forward to upcoming events、have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward等关键词和A选项中的future相对应，故选A。,专题一 真题典例,3E该空后的Something as simple aswill

12、do.与E项中的life changing events相对应。故选E项。 4G根据上句可知锻炼身体可以帮助血糖降低到正常水平，锻炼产生对大脑有益的化学物质，因而G项就是前句的另一种说法，是对前句的总结，故选G。 5C从空前的文字可以得知对大脑最好的事情就是学习新东西的时候同时还有身体的积极活动，随后作者列举两例，一是学习园艺，二是和朋友们去跳舞，C项中learning gardening与go dancing相对应，故选C。,专题一 新题预测,There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children b

13、eing able to lead a healthy life. _1_ Often，both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations. The busyness also adds another factor: the need to use ca

14、rs to get from one place to another quickly.,专题一 新题预测,_2_ Computers, DVDs，CDs, television, PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities, rather than traditional more active pursuits. This has led to a lifestyle of less exercise. _3_ Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fi

15、ts easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard(轰炸) their audience with “perfect” body images, the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up to date computer games, the best places to vis

16、it and the best things to do.,专题一 新题预测,Environments vary._4_ This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life. _5_ Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy if he/sh

17、e is motivated enough!,专题一 新题预测,AThe media provide entertainment and information. BAdvertisements play an important role in peoples life. CWe may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke. DNowadays, people are very busy. EPeople are living in a bad air environment. FThe important one is moti

18、vation or the desire to be healthy. GToday, society places a lot of emphasis on technology.,专题一 新题预测,【解析】本文是说明文。全文说明了几个影响儿童与成年人健康的生活方式的因素。 1D联系空后的both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home我们知道，父母、孩子都很忙碌，无暇顾及健康问题。 2G联系空后的Computers, DVDs，CDs, telev

19、ision, PlayStations and Xboxes我们知道，这部分是讲述现代科技带给人们的影响。,专题一 新题预测,3A联系空后的The media constantly bombard(轰炸) their audience with “perfect” body images我们知道，此部分讲述媒体对我们的影响。 4C联系空后的Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.我们知道，此部分讲述环境污染对我们的伤害。 5F联系if he/she is

20、 motivated enough！我们知道，作者认为，只要我们以积极的态度去寻找健康，我们就能找到健康的生活方式。,专题二 议论文型阅读填空,专题二议论文型阅读填空,专题二 真题典例,2011北京卷 Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, its a matter of logic (逻辑)of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples arguments and to avoid them in your o

21、wn. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.,专题二 真题典例,In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas._1_ The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inven

22、tors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That，too，is critical thinking.,专题二 真题典例,_2_ As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely me

23、chanical (机械的)exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of yourspeech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speec

24、h is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have._3_,专题二 真题典例,What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking._4_As you work on expressing your ideas in clear，accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately._5_ As you learn to li

25、sten critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been

26、regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.,专题二 真题典例,ARather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. BThis may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. CIt may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. DIt

27、has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.,专题二 真题典例,EIf you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. FThe skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of

28、 ways. GAs you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking，you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.,专题二 真题典例,本文主要讲述公共演讲和批判性思维的关系。 1D根据空后的举例The greatest thinkers，scientists，and inventorsto produce new ideas可知选D项。 2E根据空后As the class goes on，for example都和s

29、peaking class有关，所以选E项。 3A根据关键句子：Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have可知应该选择organizing a speech的另一个重要性，所以选择：Rather，it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.最佳。,专题二 真题典例,4F根据关键句子：As you work onimprove your ability to think clearly and accuratel

30、y.可以选出最佳答案。 5G根据关键句子：As you work on及As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class可知应该选择动作顺承的选项，所以选择G项。,专题二 新题预测,_1_ According to figures, some 80 per cent of children with better than expected reading skills had their own books, compared with just 58 per cent who were below the level expect

31、ed for their age group. Children as young as seven are more likely to own a mobile phone than a book, figures show._2_ Almost nine in ten pupils now have a mobile compared with fewer than three quarters who have their own,专题二 新题预测,books in the home, it was disclosed. The study by the National Litera

32、cy Trust suggested a link between regular access to books outside school and high test scores._3_ Research led by Nevada University, in the United States, said that children coming from a “bookish home” remained in education for around three years longer than young people born into families with emp

33、ty bookshelves, regardless of parents own education, occupation and social class.,专题二 新题预测,_4_ By ensuring children have access to reading materials in the home and by encouraging children to love reading, families can help them to do well at school and to enjoy opportunities throughout their life.

34、As part of the latest study, the trust surveyed more than 17,000 schoolchildren aged 7 to 16.It found that 85.5 per cent of pupils had their own mobile phones, compared with 72.6 per cent who had their own books. Among children in Key Stage 2aged 7 to 1179.1 per cent had a mobile compared with 72.7 per cent who had access to books._5_,专题