高三英语写作专题复习8

1、,书面表达专题,高考书面表达题样回顾,1. 从内容和体裁上分(Content and style),体 裁 内 容 历年书面表达,应用文,书 信（便条） 对 话(dialogue) 通 知（口头书面） 请 柬(invitation),记叙文,说明文,介 绍,人 物,事 件,日 记(diary) 故事或经历 场 景(scenes) 事 物(objects),95, 99, 01,02,03,94,91, 96,2000,92, 98,97,2. 从提示形式上分(Tips),提示形式,文 字,Chinese English,历 年 书 面 表 达,charts,90, 91, 94,96, 01,

2、02,92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 00,03,pictures,结论,从上面两表看出：高考书面表达最常 见的是应用文和记叙文，所写内容都 与日常生活密切相关。,II. 书面表达的五个步骤(Five steps),仔细审题，找出主题 (Read the directions carefully, look through all the words or pictures given to you in order to find the main idea.),（以 2001年高考题为例）,假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友 Dick 听 说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，

3、来信询问有关情况。请根据下表提供的信息，写 一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。,change,change,周末活动 (减负前) 周末活动（减负后）,白天：上课、做作业 白天：参观博物馆、 学习电脑、绘画等,注意：1、词数100左右； 2、开头已为你写好。 生词：减轻学习负担 reduce learning load * Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again.,The main idea,change,晚上：做作业 晚上：看新闻、读书、看报,就寝时间：11:30 就寝时间：10:30,（再以2000年高考题为例）,假设你是李华，在美

4、国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你 目击一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时 所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。,注意：1、目击者应该准确报告事实； 2、词数100左右； 3、结尾已为你写好。,The main idea？,A traffic accident,2. 认真阅读所给提示或图画，抓住所有细节，找出每幅 图画或每个句子的中心词。,（以93年高考题为例）,为了配合国际动物周活动，一家英文杂志邀请各国 学生提供有关动物的故事。请根据下列六幅图画，用英语为该杂志写一篇故事。,bark: vi. take my sister and Ah Fu,Find out the keys w

5、ords in each picture：,be working; play by the river,pick a flower; fall into the river,bark; jump into the river,run to the river; swim; take my sister,praise,3. 把中心词或词组扩展成句子。(Extend the words and phrases to sentences.), One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu

6、 along., While they were working, my sister walked to a river nearby., She was trying to pick up a flower when she fell into the river., Ah Fu barked and jumped into the river immediately., When my parents heard Ah Fu barking they ran to the river.They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my

7、 little sister., My parents praised Ah Fu warmly.,4. 把以上句子编排成一个段落，在必要的地方加入一些 连接词或句子。(Arrange these sentences in order, getting in some linking words where necessary.),My parents live in the country. They keep a dog called Ah Fu. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister a

8、nd Ah Fu along. While they were working, my sister walked to a river nearby. Ah Fu followed there. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river. Ah Fu barked and jumped into the water immediately. When my parents heard Ah Fu barking, they ran to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming tow

9、ards the bank carrying my little sister. My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who saved my little sister.,5. 通读全文，仔细检查。(Read through the whole passage to make sure that no mistakes are made.),III. 书面表达注意事项,适当运用结构词、从句和关联词:and, but, so, however, therefore, them, thus, after a while,

10、 suddenly, at last, as a result, in fact 等, 使句子 更为流畅。,1) You may stay at school. You may come to spend the holiday with us.,You may _ stay at school _ come to spend the holiday with us.,either or,2) It is not too cold in spring. It is not too hot, either. 3) The teacher pointed out the mistakes. The

11、 students had not corrected them.,It is _ too cold _ too hot in spring.,The teacher pointed out the mistakes _ the students had not corrected.,neither nor,which,(that),4) You must speak English in class. You must speak English out of class. 5) She finished her lessons. Then she went to bed.,You must

12、 speak English both in class and out of class.,Having finished her lessons, she went to bed.,避免使用对其拼法、意义和用法没有把握、不熟悉 的词汇和句型，避免可以避免的错误.,喜欢,like, be fond of, care for, enjoy,.,1）两天后他就要过生日了。, His birthday is two days away. His birthday is in two days. His birthday is in two days time. It will be two day

13、s before he celebrates his birthday.,2）我碰巧遇见他的叔叔。, I happened to meet his uncle. I chanced to see his uncle., I met with his uncle. I came across his uncle. I ran across his uncle. It (so) happened that I saw his uncle. It chanced that I met his uncle.,（再以93年高考书面表达为例）,My parents live in the country.

14、 They keep a dog called Ah Fu. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu along. While they were working, my sister walked to a river nearby. Ah Fu followed there. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river. Ah Fu barked and jumped into the wate

15、r immediately. When my parents heard Ah Fu barking, they ran to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister. My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who saved my little sister., They keep a dog called Ah Fu.,They have a dog with the name Ah Fu. They

16、raise a dog that / which is called / named Ah Fu. c. They keep a dog whose name is Ah Fu. d. They have a dog who is named Ah Fu., One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu along.,One day my parents went to work in the fields with my little sister and Ah Fu. b. O

17、ne day my parents went to work in the fields and Ah Fu followed them., When my parents heard Ah Fu barking, they ran to the river., They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.,Hearing Ah Fu barking, my parents went to the river in a hurry. b. Having heard Ah Fu barking, my pa

18、rents rushed to the river. c. Having heard Ah Fu barking, my parents were worried and hurried to the river.,They saw Ah Fu carrying my little in the river towards the bank. b. They saw my little sister carried by Ah Fu to the bank., My parents praised Ah Fu warmly.,My parents patted Ah Fu on the hea

19、d and praised him for his bravery. b. My parents were so glad that they patted Ah Fu on the head and praised him.,3. 留心汉英表达差异, 避免中式英语(Avoiding Chinlish),1) 父母对我们期望很高。,The hope of our parents is very high.,Our parents expect too much from us.,2) 高考,high exam ?,college entrance examination,3) 他的右眼瞎了。

20、a. Her right eye is blind. 4) 他健壮如牛。 a. He is strong like a cow. 5) 汤姆的父亲打了他一个耳光。 a. Toms father beat him in his face.,b. She is blind in the right eye.,b. He is strong like a horse (as strong as a horse).,b. Toms father beat him in the face.,4. 书写必须工整,确保不犯拼写错误 (Avoiding mistakes)。,parents Yours aff

21、ectionately 朋友、平辈：Sincerely yours Yours sincerely 上级、长者：Yours respectfully Respectfully yours 单位、部门：Yours sincerely Yours faithfully,结束语Closing,信封正面,发信人姓名 发信人地址,收信人姓名 收信人地址,信封背面,发信人姓名 发信人地址,June 5th , 2000 Dear Mr. Zhao, I am sorry that I am unable to attend school during the following week because

22、of the Sports Meet. The school expects me to play an important part in it . And I will be back to class in a week . I hope you will excuse my absence .(in fact , I take a French leave) Yours respectfully Charles Encl: the PE Teachers certificate (证明）,便 条（病/事假条）,（NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT),口头通知： Ladies and

23、 Gentlemen, May I have you attention please? 正 文 书面通知： NOTICE In celebration of May Day , there will be - 正 文 School Office April 25th , 2000,通知、通告,Wednesday May 5th Cloudy It is nearly a month since I began keeping diaries. I find it a very good exercise in English composition. I got back my essay

24、on A Visit to the Park . It was marked with A.There were only three mistakes in it: one in grammar and two in idiom. Im happy to see that I can now express myself in English more usually than ever before. ,日记 Diary,书面表达如何写？,五个步骤,1、审题,题材、人称、时态、要点,2、以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句 话的细节要点。,3、联词成句：用联词成句的方法将上述要点 的词语扩

25、展成句子。,4、联句成文：,注意：,主语和谓语,背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）,逻辑关系,开头与结尾 语篇衔接,5、检查修改，规范抄写,并列and; as well as ; also; 选择or; eitheror; or else; otherwise 原因because ; owing to; due to ;on account of ; thanks to 结果so ; therefore ; thus ; as a result 时间when ;soon after ; before; later ; first ; and then ; next ; finally ; aft

26、erwards. 比较on the country ; on the other hand ; like 转折but ; yet; however ; although; in spite of ; instead ; 递进besides ; moreover ; even ; in addition 举例for example/instance; such as ; that is ; namely ; 总结after all ; in short ; in general ; generally speaking Adverbs,组句成文的各种关系的过渡词语,Therefore ; oth

27、erwise ; furthermore ; Thus ; finally ; moreover ; namely ; besides ; although ; afterwards ; however ; personally;,Adverbs,评分原则以及给分范围,第五档（很好）：完全完成试题规定的任务（21-25） 第四档（好）：完全完成试题规定的任务，漏掉1、2个次重点。（16-20） 第三档（适当）：基本完成试题规定的任务。（11-15） 第二档（较差）：末完成试题规定的任务。 （6-10） 第一档（差）：末完成试题规定的任务。 只能写出与所给要求内容有关的一些单词。 （1-5） 0

28、分：末能传达读者任何信息。,练 习,根据下列图画中Tom骑自行车的经历，用英语写一篇短文。短文要写得连贯、完整。字数100字左右。,审 题,字 词 文,参考答案,2000年高考,审 题,1、体裁：叙述Tom骑自行车的经历，为记叙文体,2、主要时态：一般过去时，叙述描绘一起交通事故,3、人称：第三人称Tom,4、要点：记叙描绘文体，抓住四个要点：时间、地 点、人物、事件的前后经过。,字 词 文,词：, to ride a bike, to hit his bike and fall off,句：,Tom was riding a bike along the street.,The car hi

29、t his bike and he fell off it.,文：,The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast and hit his bike, then he fell off it.,参 考 答 案,The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast. He was so frightened that he qui

30、ckly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit his bike and he fell off it. When the driver realized that he had caused an accident, he got such a fright that he took flight with his car. He was soon out of sight, leaving Tom helpless on the spot. Fortunately a passer-by happened to

31、see what had happened and remembered the number of the car. He reported this to the police. Now the driver has been caught and will be punished for his wrong doing.,NMET2000书面表达（满25分）,审 题,短文改错,小 结,2000年高考书面表达审题,1、题材：一份书面材料，报告你所目击的一起交通事故 的经过，为记叙文体,2、主要时态：一般过去时，叙述描绘发生过的一起交通 事故。,3、人称：为“I”，第一人称。,2000年高考

32、书面表达要点,（1）2000年2月8日发生了一起交通事故 （2）我走在公园路 （3）一位老人从街的另一边公园里出来 （4）一辆黄车开过来在公园路转弯 （5）黄车撞倒了老人并向西开跑 （6）我记住了车牌号是AC864，并送老人去医院,2000书面表达答案,It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2000. 1_I was walking along Park Road towards the east while 2_an old man came out of the Park on the other side of the 3_street. T

33、hen I saw a yellow car drove up Third Street and 4_make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hitted 5_the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry.A car didnt stop and drove off at great speed heading west. 6_I noticed the driver was a young woman but 7_ the plat e numb

34、er was AC864. After 8_two minutes later I stopped a passed car 9_and brought the old man to the nearest hospital. 10_ Lihua,小 结,注意选词 多用短句 慎用长句,巧用转折词，总括词,注意使用“变通表达法”,熟练运用书写技巧,IV. 书面表达,using -ing -ed -with,The cat crept slowly through the grass. The cat was watching the mouse the whole time.,The gold

35、was hidden under the ground. It was safe for many years.,I. -ing, -ed,Watching the mouse the whole time, the cat crept slowly through the grass.,Hidden under the floorboards, the gold was safe for many years.,There is a girl. She is sitting between us. 2. This is a book. The book was bought yesterda

36、y.,There is a girl who is sitting between us.,This is a book which was bought yesterday.,Rewrite following sentences,3. 走在大街上，他遇见了一个老朋友.,While he was walking in the street, he met an old friend.,4.,_, the city looks beautiful.,Walking in the street,从天空中看，,When it is seen from the sky, the city looks

37、 beautiful.,Seen from the sky,由于不知道他的电话，他无法与Tom取得联系。,Not knowing his telephone number, he cant get in touch with Tom.,reading,sleeping,shoes,barking,cat,dumbfounded（adj.目瞪口呆）,要点： 1老人穿着拖鞋读报, 狗在边上睡觉。 2 老人想出门，叫狗拿鞋。 3 狗闭着眼睛，一动 不动，汪汪直叫， 老人很纳闷。 4 猫嘴里叼着鞋走进 来，老人目瞪口呆。,参考词语: slippers (拖鞋),reading,sleeping,An

38、old man was sitting in an armchair at home, reading his newspaper. Beside him lay a dog, sleeping soundly.,cat,dumbfounded（adj.目瞪口呆）,Seeing the cat, he was totally dumbfounded.,The fire is burning, so I feel warm.,II. with,I lost my bike, so I had to walk home.,With the fire burning, I feel warm.,Wi

39、th my bike lost, I had to walk home.,My mother sat in a chair with a newspaper in her hand. She left without saying goodbye.,He died with his work still unfinished.,Welcome to my home. A well-prepared room is waiting for you. Inside, there is a separate bathroom and all necessary furniture.,Welcome

40、to my home. A well-prepared room with a separate bathroom and all necessary furniture is waiting for you.,shoes,slippers (拖鞋),with his slippers on,dog,bark,eyes,closed,with two eyes closed,cat,dumbfounded（adj.目瞪口呆）,shoes,with the pair of shoes in its mouth,An old man was sitting in an armchair at ho

41、me, reading his newspaper. Beside him lay a dog, sleeping soundly. Suddenly the old man decided to leave home for a while, but he couldnt go out with his slippers on. So he woke up the dog to get the shoes for him. Out of his expectation, the dog just barked with two eyes closed again. The old man w

42、as completely puzzled. As he was wondering what was happening, he saw the cat coming towards him with the pair of shoes in its mouth. Seeing this, he was totally dumbfounded.,V. 书面表达的训练,69,看图写作所考查的能力 观察能力（认真读图） 词组 理解能力（理出要点） 句型 联想能力（适当增减） 连接词语 表达能力（扩写成文） 文,3,“看图作文” 例析 根据图示，用英语写一篇题为“Changes in People

43、s Life”的短文，介绍过去和现在人们生活的变化。 要求：1. 词数在80个左右。 2表达完整，条理清晰，意思连贯。 3开头部分不计入总词数。 参考词汇： apartment 公寓,71,过 去,现 在,72,Great changes have taken place in peoples life in the past 20 years.In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending _ _ _ _,73,1)观察（读图）词组 keep in touch with，listen t

44、o the radio go to school、 by bicycle 2）理解（理出要点） 句型连接词语 In the past， now, in a word, 3）表达（扩写成文） 文,74,Changes in Peoples Life Great changes have taken place in peoples life in the past 20 years. In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending letters. They would listen to

45、the radio for news and other information. Children used to go to school by bicycle. Big families had to share one room with much furniture. Now people can talk to others by telephone or on the internet at home. In their spare time they watch the news and other programmes on TV. Some families are eve

46、n rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars. More and more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms. In a word, people live more happily than before.,8,看图写作步骤,1、仔细观察图示情景，合理发挥自己的想象 力,理解图画的正确意思 2、按顺序写出每幅图可能用到的主要单词或 短语 3、连词成句 4、把上述句子串联成语句通顺连贯的短文。 、检查语法、单词拼写、标点符号等

47、是否有 误，时态、语态和语言是否正确等,9,提示词：purse(钱包), pick up, a name card(名片), telephone number, call, owner, come, at once, thank,10,常用连接词语,1、开头常用词语：one day, Its 2、衔接转折常用语：after a while, at the same time, for example, so, though / but 3、章段结尾常用语：at last , finally, as a result,11,所用词组： wait for， see a purse lying, p

48、ick up, find a lot of money, call the owner,12,One day Wei Hua was waiting for a bus at a bus stop. Suddenly, she saw a purse lying on the ground. She picked it up and found a lot of money and a name card in it. She saw the telephone number on the name card and called the owner. The owner came at on

49、ce. She was very happy when she got her purse back. She said to Wei Hua, Thank you very much! You are a nice girl. ,13,怎样才算是一篇好的书面表达呢？ 两个关键: 1)用词造句：尽可能运用比较熟悉的词组、短语或成语；从句式上，力求变换各种句式。,2)行文连贯，运用恰当的连接词,使文章结构严密具有较强的逻辑性。,II. 作文的评价 How to judge the levels of the composition ?,15,评分原则 1 本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分,2 评

50、分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后 以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。,3 词数少于50或多于100的，从总分中减去1分。,4 评分时，应注意表达内容、所用词汇和语法结构的表述是否 准确、上下文是否连贯及语言表达是否得体。,5 单词拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视 其对表述的影响程度予以考虑。,6 如书写较差，影响表述，将分数降低一个档次。,16,第五档 （1315 分）,完全完成了试题所规定的任务。,应用了正确的语法结构和词汇，没有或有12处错误（为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致）如：拼写、标点、大小写等；具备较强的语言能力。,有效使用了

51、词语间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，达到了预期的写作目的。,17,第四档 （1012 分） 完成了试题所规定的任务。 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，有34处不影响全文意思的错误。 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容结构紧凑，达到了预期的写作目的。,18,第三档 （79 分） 基本完成了试题所规定的任务。 应用的语法结构和词汇基本能满足任务的要求，有56处错误，但不影响理解。 应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。,19,第二档 （46分） 未恰当完成试题所规定的任务。 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，错误较多， 影响了对写作内容的理解。 较少使用语句

52、间的连接成分，内容缺少连 贯性，信息未能清楚地传达给读者。,20,第一档 （03分） 未完成试题所规定的任务 有一些和内容要求相关的词汇或短语， 通篇语法结构错误 所写内容与所要求内容无关或无法辨认 空白卷,21,常见错误,第一种： 曲解题意 由于观察不仔细、想象不充分、缺乏连贯思维的能力，抓不准图的主题，误解了图的意思。,第二种： 要点不全 由于看图作文没有提供现成的提纲和要点，需要自己观察、分析、提炼主题，考生容易遗漏一两个要点。,22,VI. Imitate the sentence structure,1. each contributionno matter how small- c

53、an help make a difference. no matter 与 what/who/when/where/how /whether 连用，表示无论，不管，引导让步状语从句。 e.g. No matter what he says, I wontbelieve him.,2. I am discovering that being a volunteer brings many personal benefits. e.g. Doing more reading can improve your reading comprehension. Listening to music ma

54、kes you relax.,3. Lu Hao has also found their relationship beneficial. find +n./pron. +adj/v-ing/v-ed/prep ph,e.g. 1) I think it (un)necessary to talk face to face. 2) I find it helpful to study in groups. 3) He made him heard by raising her voice. 4. ) We found him sleeping in the class.,4. Every T

55、uesday and Friday he visits an elderly gentleman who lives alone.,5. This is how American jeans were introduced to the world. This/That is how/why/when/where.,e.g. This is why Chinese prefer riding bicycles. That is how I failed to pass the examination.,Guide for writing Transitional Word IX 连接词,the

56、refore, so, otherwise, as a result, thus, as a consequence,after all, but, even if, although, but even so, in spite of,because, for this reason, because of, due to on account of , thanks of, as,first of all, in the first place, to begin with, but later on, first, second, at first, but soon,to sum up

57、, to summarize, in a word, in brief, On the whole,5.,For example, for instance, for one thing,for another, namely, such as,that is,in deed, above all, in any case, in fact, Most important of all, whats more,in addition besides, again also , moreover furthermore Whats more, Worse still,Transitional Word 连接词 IX Contrast (对比类）,Jeans are the first choice for 72% of those in the 15-19 age group, whereas less than half of the teenagers in the UK wear other types of casual trousers.,unlike, in contrast(相反） however, but, yet, on the contrary （正相反） still, whereas, while, instead,Un