四级翻译教学课件

1、四大文明古国：中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。 参考译文： China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. Chin

2、a is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords.

3、All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces an

4、d edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won peoples admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.,中华传统文化：中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它

5、的许多珍贵品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情找，“民为邦本”，“民贵君轻”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐劳，勤俭持家，尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传。所有这些，对家庭，国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。 参考译文： The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, t

6、here emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters hundred schools.” The traditional Ch

7、inese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is f

8、or all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Treat others as you want to b

9、e treated”. And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the soc

10、iety.,路怒症 路怒症(road rage)，指汽车或其他机动车的驾驶人员有攻击性或愤怒的行为。此类行为可能包括：粗鄙的手势、言语侮辱、故意用不安全或威胁安全的方式驾驶车辆。发作者会袭击他人的汽车，有时无辜的同车乘客也会遭殃。调研指出，司机们表现出来的“路躁”情绪源于驾驶中面临的各种压力，比如交通拥堵、恶劣天气、车辆事故、其他司机的野蛮驾驶行为等。 Road rage, refers to the aggressive or angry behavior of automobile or other motor vehicle drivers. Such behavior might in

11、clude rude gestures, verbal insults, and deliberate use of unsafe or threatening ways of driving. The angry drivers will attack other cars. Sometimes innocent passengers in their cars are also victimized. Research pointed out that the drivers road impatience arises from various pressure they face in

12、 driving, such as traffic congestion, bad weather, traffic accidents, aggressive driving behavior of other drivers, etc.,蚁族 由于我国近20年来大学扩招、就业形势变化、房价过高等原因，在大城市中逐渐出现一个特殊的群体“蚁族”，即“大学毕业生低收入聚居群体”。这个群体和蚂蚁有许多相类似的特点：高智、弱小、群居。“蚁族”群体在全国已有上百万规模。他们受过高等教育；主要从事保险推销、电子器材销售、广告营销、餐饮服务等临时性收入低的工作，有的甚至处于失业半失业状态；绝大多数没有“三

13、险”和劳动合同；年龄集中在2229岁之间。 With the expansion of Chinas college enrollment in the past 20 years, the changes of the employment situation, and high prices of real estate, a special group comes into being gradually in big cities the ant tribe , that is, gregarious low-income college graduates . They are si

14、milar to ants in many ways: highly-intelligent, weak, and gregarious. There are hundreds of thousands of them in the country. Characteristics of the ant tribe: highly educated; mainly engaged in insurance marketing, electronic equipment sales, advertising and marketing, catering services and other t

15、emporary low-income positions; some underemployed or unemployed; the vast majority of them lacking three insurances and the labor contract; mostly aged from 22 to 29.,中国人喜欢一起吃饭， 该传统可追朔到很久以前。这一习俗反映出中国人喜团圆、不愿分离的观念。圆桌，圆盘， 圆碗， 都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放桌子中央， 以便围坐的所有人都可以够得着吃得到。最近，有一位美国汉学家在著作中认为： 中国人的集体观念（collective

16、 tradition） 就是从一起吃饭的行为发展而来。 Chinese people like eating together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division. Round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the cen

17、ter of the table so that everyone around the table can reach and share them. A recent book by an American Sinologist holds that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.,中国的铁路建设始于清朝（the Qing Dynasty）末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要

18、的基础设施，大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。 Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the worlds third largest railway network only second to the U

19、nited States and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize railway development in

20、 western regions, particularly the poor areas to lead the local people to wealth.,留守儿童（left-behind children）很容易面临情感关怀的缺失。父母外出务工后，他们大多由祖父母或亲友临时监护。他们无法像其他孩子一样得到父母的养育，而祖父母又极可能缺乏养育的精力和能力。这种亲情和关怀的缺失，已严重影响了留守儿童的心理健康发展。更为严峻的挑战是，留守儿童群体还在不断扩大。据最新统计，目前全国农村留守儿童人数已达6102万，占全国儿童总数的21.88%，比五年前增加了近300万人。如何让这些占全国儿童总

21、人数超过五分之一的孩子们更健康成长，不仅是对弱势群体应有的关爱，更是社会健康发展的必要条件。 The left-behind children easily suffer from the lack of emotional support. Since their parents are migrant workers, they are mostly left in the care of their grandparents, relatives or family friends. Unlike other children, they dont have their parents

22、to care for them, and much too often , their grandparents dont have the energy or capability to look after them. The absence of such support and care seriously influences the healthy psychological development of these children. An even more pressing issue is the fact that the number of the left-behi

23、nd children is still growing. According to the latest statistics, the number has reached 61.02 million, which is three million more than five years ago, accounting for 21.88 percent of Chinas children. Giving them a healthy upbringing isnt just about providing this vulnerable group with the care the

24、y are entitled to and deserveit is also a prerequisite to the healthy development of Chinese society.,中国快递服务(courier service)一年递送大约120亿件包裹，这使中国有可能赶超美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会，仅在11月11日，中国消费者就在国内最大的购物平台买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日，因此，快递能在中国扩展就不足为奇了。 Chinas express courier

25、 service will deliver about 12 billion packages one year，which will make it possible for China to overtake the United States as the worlds largest express market. Most packages are filled with items ordered online. China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell goods at very co

26、mpetitive prices. Only on November 11th, Chinese consumers bought goods worthy of$ 9 billion from the nations largest shopping platform. There are many such special shopping days in China. As a result, it is no surprise at all that the expansion of express can take place in China.,台湾地区也试图成为创始成员。不过尚不

27、清楚中国大陆会如何反应。台湾地区和中国没有“外交关系”。但是自2008年马英九“总统选举”以来，两岸关系有所改善。此外双方正致力于一项贸易协议的细节。不过，中国大陆对台湾地区影响力增加，这仍然让台湾地区民众非常反对。 美国和日本对亚洲基础设施投资银行的管理表示了担忧。美国一直督促各国在加入前考虑该银行的管理和以及社会和环境政策等标准的细节部分。批评人士表示，亚投行威胁到了现有开发银行的运转，例如世界银行、国际货币基金组织和亚洲开发银行。 Taiwan also sought to become a founding member. But it is not clear how China w

28、ill react. Taiwan and China do not have diplomatic ties. But, relations have improved since the election of President Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The two sides also are working on details of a trade agreement. However, popular opposition in Taiwan to mainland Chinas increased influence on the island remai

29、ns very strong. The U.S. and Japan have said they are concerned about the governance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, or AIIB. The United States has urged countries to consider details about the banks governance and standards - its social and environmental policy - before joining. Critic

30、s say the AIIB threatens the work of existing development banks such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Asian Development Bank.,中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美

31、食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 Since ancient times, the Chinese have celebrated the harvest during mid-Autumn. It is quite similar to the celebration of Thanksgiving in North America. The custom of celebrating it as a festival started to gain popularity all over during t

32、he early Tang dynasty. The festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. It is a festival on which people worship the moon. On this day, a full bright moon hangs in the sky and families get together enjoy the bright moon. The Mid-Autumn festival as was listed as Chinas cu

33、ltural heritage in 2006, and made a public holiday in 2008. Moon cakes are regarded as an indispensable delicacy during the Mid-Autumn Festival. They are given as gifts to relatives and friends or eaten at family gatherings. Traditional mooncakes bear on top the Chinese characters for “longevity”, “

34、happiness” or “harmony”.,闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥着重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 The world-famous Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. Extending more t

35、han 6,000 kilometers, the Silk Road gets its name from the ancient Chinese silk trade. Trade on the Silk Road played a significant role in the development of the civilization of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that the great ancient Chinese inventions of p

36、aper making, gunpowder, the compass and printing were introduced to the world. Likewise, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain were also spread throughout the globe. The exchanges of material culture went both ways, with Europe also exporting a wide range of goods and plants via the Silk Road to meet the

37、demands of the Chinese market.,中国园林(the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观(landscape)。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山(rockwork)、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷(scroll)一般展现在面前。 he Chinese garden is

38、a unique landscape which has evolved over 3,000 years. It includes both the vast gardens of the imperial family, built for pleasure, and the private gardens created by scholars, merchants, retired government officials to escape from the noisy outside world. They form a miniature landscape, which is

39、meant to express the harmony that should exist between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is enclosed by walls and includes ponds, trees, and flowers and a variety of structures, connected by winding paths and corridors. Walking leisurely in the garden, one can see a series of carefully design

40、ed scenes unfold like a scroll of landscape paintings.,儒家思想 儒家思想(Confucianism)是中国影响最大的思想流派，也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来，儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义(humanism )。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。 参考翻译: Confucianism Confucianism is the l

41、argest Chinese school ofthoughts, and the mainstream consciousness ofthe ancient China. Confucianism had been one of theruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since theHan Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. It advocates self-cultivation, and believes that human be

42、ings are teachable and improvable. A grand goal ofConfucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her partwell, and maintains a good relationship with others.,在中国，就业方面的不平等现象仍然是一个严重的问题。性别歧视的根本原因是,“男尊女卑(female inferiority)”的错误观念在许多人心目中仍根深蒂固。为了解决这个问题，应该逐渐形成一种新的性别文化

43、，以增加两性间的和谐，政府也应该探索可以提升女性就业前景的市场机制。这是一个长期而艰巨的任务，需要所有政府部门的投人和协作。在家庭暴力(domestic violence)的问题上，完善法律体制将是解决这个问题的最好的办法。 参考译文: Inequality in employment is still a serious issue in China.The fundamental cause of gender discrimination is the incorrect idea of female inferiority that is still ingrained in many

44、 peoples minds.In solving this problem,a new gender culture should be cultivated to increase harmony between the two sexes and the government should explore market mechanisms that can promote womens job prospects.It is a long and arduous task that requires input and coordination from all government

45、agencies.On the issue of domestic violence,improving the legal system would be the best way to deal with it.,红色 在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。 The color of red in Chinese cultu

46、re usually means good luck, longevity and happiness. Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous occasions. Cashes often in red envelopes are sent to family members or close friends as gifts. Its popularity can also be attributed the fact that people accociate it with

47、 Chinese revolution and Communist Party. However, it does not always equal to good luck and joy in that the name of the dead used to be written in red. Using red ink to write names of Chinese people were seen as an offense.,白色 随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼

48、上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。 With Chinas reform and opening up, many young people tend to hold Western-style weddings these days. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding, because white is considered as a symbol of purity. However, in traditiona

49、l Chinese culture, white is often used in funerals, so be sure to remember that white flowers must not be used as a gift to the patient, especially not to the seniors or critically illed patients. Similarly, the cash gift cannot be packed in a white envelope, but in a red envelope.,黄色 在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很

50、重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。 The color of Yellow, because of its unique symbolic meaning, is very important in Chinese culture. In feudal society, it represents the rulers power and autho

51、rity. At that time, the color was exclusively used for the emperorthe royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, the ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color yellow. In China, it also signifies harvest. The fields grow golden yellow in autumn

52、 when the crops mature. People celebrate the harvest cheerfully.,功夫 功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术(martial arts)的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。它作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。 Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial

53、arts, the origin of which can be traced back to the need of selfde-fense, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. It is one kind of Chinese traditional sports. The young and the old often practice it. It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture. As a natio

54、nal treasure of China, there are hundreds of different styles for Kung Fu, which is most common forms of martial arts. Some of styles imitate the movement of the animals, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.,风筝 在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史。传

55、说中古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天才落地。 In the city of Weifang, Shandong province, kites are not just toys, but also a sign of the city culture. Weifang is famous for the kite, having a history of nearly 2400 years of flying kites. It is said that th

56、e ancient Chinese philosophers spent three years on making the first kite in the world , but the first day of the flying kites had dropped and broken. Some people believe that the kite was invented by ancient Chinese carpenter, Lu Ban. It has been said that his kite is made of wood and bamboo, falli

57、ng to the ground after flying three days.,乌镇 乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建筑。数百年来，当地沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。 Located on the riverside of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Wuzhen of Zhejiang Province is an anci

58、ent water town. It is a fascinating place with many bridges, Chinese hotels and restaurants. Over the past millennium, the water system and the way of life in Wuzhen has not changed much. Wuzhen is a museum of ancient civilization. All the houses of Wuzhen are built of stone and wood. For centuries,

59、 the locals built dwellings and markets along the river. Countless beautiful and spacious courtyards hide between houses. Visitors will be taken by pleasant surprise wherever they go.,丽江 云南省的丽江古镇是著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生，为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。 The ancient town of Lijiang in Yunnan province is one of the famous tourist destinations。 Its living rhythm is slower than that of most other Chinese cities。 Lijiang is full of natural beautiful sceneries， where numerous mino