定语从句的译法.ppt

1、英译汉基本技巧 第5章,定语从句的译法,定语从句的译法,5.1 译成前置定语 5.2 译成后置的并列成分 5.3 溶合译法 5.4 译成状语,5.1 译成前置定语,条件：本身较短，与被修饰语关系紧密 To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fat

2、iguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits. 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦，沿着陡峭的山路攀登的人，才有希望达到光辉的顶点。,When I went to China, I went to teach; but every day that I stayed I thought less of what I had to teach them and more of what I had to learn from them. Among Europeans who had

3、a long time in China, I found this attitude not uncommon; but among those whose stay is short, or who go only to make money, it is sadly rare. 我到中国是去教书的。可是，同我每天教给他们的东西相比，我把向他们学习东西看得更为重要。我发现，大凡久居中国的欧洲人都持这种态度。然而，可悲的是，那些在中国暂住或是只想到中国赚钱的人持这种态度者却极少。,In recent years, however, people have begun to become aw

4、are that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 The moon is a world that is completely still and where utter silence prevails. 月亮是一个声断音绝的世界，是一个万籁俱寂的世界。,However, I think that any thoughtful scholar who takes the trouble to go through the source no

5、tes at the end of this volume will find that the essential facts of the story which I have told from written diaries, memoranda and memories. 然而，我想任何一位认真阅读书后面材料来源注释的细心学者都会发现，我所讲述的史话的基本事实来源于书面日记、备忘录和回忆录。,有时较长的限定性定语从句也可,This practice book is intended for foreign engineers or students of engineering wh

6、o have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects. 这本练习课本是给那些已经掌握了英语基础知识而现在要利用学到的语言知识来阅读专业书籍的外国工程师或学习工程学的学生用的。,To write a genuine familiar or true English style is to write as any one who would speak in common con

7、versation, who had a thorough command and choice of words, or who could discourse with ease, force and perspicuity. 用真正的普通文体即纯正的英语文体写作就像那些熟谙词汇而又善于选择词汇，能高谈阔论且言辞流畅，说话有力而明确的人的日常交谈一般。,有些起附加说明的非限制性定语从句,He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didnt like his brother, who was aloof and arroga

8、nt. 他喜欢热情活泼的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。,练习,1. The question, which worries everyone today, is: how long will these fuels last? 2. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive. 3. There will be no heroics in a war where the safest place will be the front link, and the most dangerous the house of our

9、 civilian population. 4. Scientists believe that there must be hundreds of heavenly bodies in the universe where human beings or something like human beings may exist.,5.2 译成后置的并列成分,A.一些结构复杂，或意思上有较强独立性的限制性定语从句。这种译法，往往要采取重复指示词“这”、“这些”等。 But world attention also is focusing on another step, which will

10、 make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. 同时人们也正把注意力集中到另一项措施上，这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为之感到不安。,In 1883 an American physician, A. King, listed twenty observations, which pointed to mosquitoes as a factor in malaria. 1883年，美国医生A.金列举了二十个观察报告，这些报告表明蚊子是引起疟疾的一个因素。 This

11、volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 这本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。,I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known. 我一直在竭力摆脱一种生活，改换另一种生活，但是我所改换的生活并不见得比我原先的生活好。,

12、有些定语从句可将先行词译成“他”“他们”等人称代词。 Honeycutt was 40, an affable man who had to leave his family in Ralegh, North Carolina, when hed gone north to work. 亨尼卡行年40，和蔼可亲，他去北方工作时不得不把家室留在北卡罗莱纳州罗利市。 Above the English lettering the words are repeated in the Chinese calligraphy of premier Zhou, who wrote the brief te

13、xt. 在这些英文字的上方，是周总理亲笔书写的同样内容的汉字，他拟定了这样简短的铭文。,B.非限制性定语从句一般起解释补充说明作用，一般译为后置的并列分句。 These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in America. 这些书是我在美国买的，他们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。 He gave in his resignation, which was the best thing he could do in the circumstance. 他提出了辞职，这在当时的情况下是最好的办法。,In

14、 other words, they conduct more readily in high temperatures, which is probably because their decreased viscosity affords less opposition to the transport of ions through them. 换句话说，在高温时它们更容易导电，这可能是因为其粘性减少,离子通过它们时阻力较小的缘故。 A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with whom you sparkle a

15、nd become more knowledgeable. 朋友就是能使你表现出最佳品质的人，与他在一起你就会精神焕发，更有见识。,嵌套定语从句,They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. 他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬劳是他们历尽千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利的来的。,He was too important and too busy to occu

16、py himself with the matter personally, but he had a confidential secretary who was very clever at dealing with electors (who had not made up their minds how to vote) and who certainly knew how to put before a young woman (who was honest but poor) the advantages that might ensure if she were lucky en

17、ough to secure the friendship of such a man as his employer.,他身居要职事务繁忙，不能亲自处理这件事。但是，他有一名私人秘书，此人非常善于对付那些尚未拿定主意选谁的选民，当然懂得如何向一个纯真但贫穷的少女炫耀，告诉她如果有幸得到他的雇主这样一位人物的友谊她将会得到诸多好处。,练习,1. Shakespeare was a great English dramatist and poet whose name was known all over the world. 2. Small wonder then that more sci

18、entists are visiting the region to acquire new knowledge which will help us to have a better understanding of the earth as a whole. 3. By a quirk of fate, Humbolt and Bonpland met Mariano Luis de Urquijo, prime minister of Spain, who was able to obtain for them the permission to visit the Spain Empi

19、re in South America.,4. Forty-two had died on the crossing, which was about average for slaves making the trans-Atlantic trip in those days. 5. Marx was a loving, gentle and considerate father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day the sea fights in a large basi

20、n of water with fleets of paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy.,5.3 溶合译法,把主语与定语合起来译，溶合成为一个独立句子。 You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。 This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss. 这是我生平第一次和老板发生严重纠葛。 Our team, which are

21、 in good form, will do well in the coming matches. 我队竞技状态良好，将在未来的比赛中取得优异成绩。,Young people who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. 年轻人担心在战斗中死去是有道理的，想到生活要赋予的最美好的东西竟成为泡影，自

22、然要难过的。,UNESCO， which places action in favor of young people at the heart of its programmers, notably those concerned with education and training, is making its contribution to the achievement of this goal. 联合国教科文组织把有利于青年的活动，特别是那些与青年教育和培训有关的活动，作为其各项计划的核心内容，从而为实现这一目标做出贡献。,Ours is a profession which tr

23、aditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering truth for truths sake, and that is “as far as possible do no harm”. 我们这个职业在传统上恪守一条信条，那就是：“尽可能不造成伤害”，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德。,There be句型汉译时常采用溶合译法 There was no one who did not praise them for their great accomplishments. 没有人不称赞

24、他们取得的巨大成就。 There is nothing that does not contain contradiction. 没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的。 There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. 医生对这个病人已经无能为力了。,练习,1 Teheran Conference was the first opportunity which I had of observing him at close hand. 2 There is something that keeps worrying me. 3 In t

25、ime, men saw that there were seasons, which followed one another in regular order. 4 This is the paper mill they set up in 1970.,5.4 译成状语,A.表示原因 We engage professor Wu, who understands English. 我们聘请吴教授，因为他懂英语。 Many of our Welsh people are going to settle in North Carolina, where land is cheap. 我们威尔士

26、人有许多去北卡罗来纳定居，因为那里土地便宜。 Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius” whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand. 爱因斯坦在资产阶级笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，因为他的理论非常深奥，只有少数最杰出的科学家才能理解。,We can read of things that happened 5000 years ago in the Near East, where

27、people first learned to write. 因为在近东人们最早使用文字记事，所以，即使追溯到五千年前那里发生的事情，我们也能知道。 Wells, who had spend years studying science, used to consider the future of man in the light of scientific knowledge. 由于威尔斯花了多年时间研究科学，因而他经常根据科学知识考虑人类的未来。,in some instances the pretext was belied on the spot by the soldiers wh

28、o raped the girls in full public view even before loading them on the trucks. (David Bergamini: Japans Imperial Conspiracy) 在一些场合，这种借口当时就被（日本）士兵们败露了真相，因为在把姑娘们拖上卡车前，他们当众把姑娘们强奸了。 （戴维 贝尔加米尼，日本天皇的阴谋）,B.表示时间 You, who are in the prime of your life, come forth with greater contributions for the benefit of

29、the people. 趁你年富力强的时候，为人民多做点贡献吧。 A sailor who was fixing a rope lost balance and tumbled overboard. 一个水手正在系绳子的时候，失去平衡，掉到水里去了。 I had the honor of seeing Chairman Mao, who was visiting the Jinggang Mountain in 1965. 毛泽东1965年重访井冈山时，我曾荣幸地见到他。,Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown

30、, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief. 代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇抗议了，现在进而召集军队并推选乔治华盛顿为总司令了。,C.表示目的 He is collecting authentic materials that proves his argument. 他正在收集确凿的材料以证明他的论点。 Steel parts are usually covered with grease, with which they may not rust. 钢零件

31、通常用润滑油覆盖，以免生锈。,Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments. 中国派了贸易代表团前往非洲各国，以便与各国政府商谈贸易协定。 The imperialists states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the peop

32、le in distant land. 帝国主义国家维持庞大的陆海军，用以压迫和剥削远地的人民。,D.表示结果 The rain washed away the track, which prevented the rain from running. 大雨冲走了铁轨，因而火车无法行驶。 In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communists movement. 这样，他鼓舞了一代科学家，使他们积极参加共产主义运动。,Subject

33、ivism and one-sidedness developed in his thinking and he made erroneous decisions on certain important questions, which led to serious and harmful consequences. 他的思想产生了主观主义和片面性，对于某些重大问题做出了错误决定，因而造成严重不良后果。,E表示条件 Nothing is hard in this world for one who dares to scale the height. 世上无难事，只要肯攀登。 A perso

34、n is a idealist who thinks that rational knowledge need not to be derived from perceptual knowledge. 如果认为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，那么他就是一个唯心主义者。 Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们迫不及待地找工作，不管干什么，只要能养家糊口就行。,The difficulties （that would have to be encoun

35、tered by anyone who attempted to explore the Moon） would be incomparably greater than those that have to be faced in the endeavor to reach the summit of Mountain Qomolangma. 任何人如果打算登上月球探险的话，他必然遭遇到种种困难。困难之大，是努力攀登珠穆朗玛峰时所面临的困难无法比拟的。,F表示让步 Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace them. 电子计算机虽然有许多优点，却不能进行创造性的工作，代替不了人类。 Glass, which breaks at a blow, is nevertheless capable of withstanding great pressure. 玻璃虽然一击即碎，却能承受巨大的压力。 Even the pine log which burned all