2词语翻译——增词法,减词法.ppt

1、1,商务英语中的词语翻译,2,英汉词语在表达上的差异,词汇涵义的范围不同词义不完全对应,英语： 灵活，范围广， 依赖上下文,汉语： 严谨，凝滞， 范围窄,e.g. well ：涌出、喷出”（动词）；“好、很好、好意地、恰当地”（副词）；“健康、很好、可取的”（形容词）；“井、泉、源泉、令人满意的事物”（名词）；“咳、嗯、好吧”（语气词）,3,英语一词多义,Business was rather slow last month. 上个月生意不太景气 The book is rather slow. 这本书很乏味（不精彩）。 Youd better go slow in reaching a co

2、nclusion. 你最好不要急于下结论。 He is slow of understanding.他理解力较差。 He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times. 他太迟钝，所有的事我都得解释好几遍。 Be slow to promise but quick to practice. 不要轻易许诺，但一旦许诺要尽快实践。 He is slow at speech with women yet. 跟女人说话，他还有点笨嘴拙舌。,4,Develop trouble 发生 Develop a force 产生 Develo

3、ping a practical rod 发明 Develop a statement得出 Develop a theory提出 Develop a new type of potato培育 Develop a tuberculosis换上 Develop his own manner of acting 形成 Develop all the natural substances 开发,Develop the deposit 开采 Develop a design 进行 Develop the science of agriculture 从事 Develop a kind of paper

4、研制 Develop photos 冲洗 Develop an extramarital affair 搞 Develop new materials 开发利用 Develop childrens interest 培养 Develop the western region开发发展,5,翻译时注意：,平时多积累 Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions. 他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。 You have a creative edge

5、 in business. 你获得创造性地商业优势。,6,一、为了语法上的需要而增词 时态要求 补充原文因语法省略的词 二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词 增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词 三、为了增加背景文化知识 四、名词复数翻译的增词法,语气词 范畴词 概括性的词 承上启下的词,增词法、减词法,7,一、为了语法上的需要而增词,时态要求 汉语表示时态的词：着，了，过等 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotte

6、n like a plum dropping off a tree. 英语目前的情况很好，它正按照它那不易为人发现的方式在起着变化，而不是像一只树上掉下来的李子那样在逐渐腐烂。,8,补充原文因语法省略的词,Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.,从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好,end,9,二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词,增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词,语气词 范畴词 概括性的词 承上启下的词,10,增加动词 In every Chinese city, we got into the streets

7、, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. 在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公园、看演 出、吃名菜。（） In the evening, after the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之 后，他还得起草最后公报。 汉语动词连用 vs 只有一个定式动词 I forgot my key 我忘了带钥匙,二、为了表达清

8、晰和自然而增词,11,增加形容词 The war made a man of him. 战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉。 Deflation has now reached unprecedented level. 通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。,12,增加副词,The crowds melted away.,人群渐渐散开了,As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.,他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲的没完。,13,增加名词,不及物动词宾语隐含在动词后面,抽象名词后增加名词,具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词,在形容词前加名

9、词,14,不及物动词宾语隐含在动词后面,First you borrow, then you beg.,头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭,Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.,他每天来干活扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。,15,形容词,This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.,这部打字机真是物美价廉。,He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.,他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹

10、豫寡欢。,16,To persuade To prepare Backward Tense Arrogant Mad antagonistic,说服 准备 落后 紧张 自满 疯狂 敌对,Persuasion Preparation Backwardness Tension Arrogance Madness antagonism,说服工作 准备工作 落后状态 紧张局势 自满情绪 疯狂行为 敌对态度,抽象名词后增加名词,17,具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词,He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared h

11、is own son guilty.,他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。,18,增加表示名词复数的词,增加重迭词表示复数 增加数词或其他词表示复数 Flowers bloom all over the yard,朵朵鲜花开满了庭院,The lion is the king of animals.,狮是百兽之王,19,The ASIAN countries have designated 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds pleasure-and-c

12、ulture-seekers of their attractions.,亚洲几个国家将1992年指定为“亚洲旅游年”，携手合作发起一场宣传攻势，旨在让世界各地的那些猎奇探胜的游客确信，他们这些国家也有许多引人入胜的旅游景观。,20,增加量词 数词与可数名词直接连用 有些动词或动作名词,21,数词与可数名词直接连用,A tractor A bike A full moon A mouth A bad dream,A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea,一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。,A stream is winding its way throug

13、h the valley into the river.,一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。,22,增加语气词的、呢、吧、啊、呀等,Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you.,不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了。,As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，从一开始就不赞成。,end,23,增加概括性的词 Sino-British links have multipliedpolitical, commercial, educational, cultural, def

14、ense, science and technology.,中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系进一步加强了。,The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.,论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星，和火箭三方面的新成就。,end,24,增加承上启下的词,Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.,不错，我喜欢中国菜。现

15、在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。,25,三、为了增加背景文化知识,揭示背景、介绍习俗及阐释典故,Swan song,辞世之作，归天之作,Waterloo BMW,滑铁卢 德国宝马汽车公司,26,四、名词复数翻译的增词法,Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause. 货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。,27,Homework,1Businessmen went flying off to that country for fortune. 2.Yo

16、ur packing is not as good as your competitors. 3.With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are going on economic construction 4. Draft and invoice are different instruments. 5. I like your policies of first come, first served.,28,减词法,宾语代词 Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.,如果不想干， 总会

17、找到借口。,We assure you of our reciprocation your courtesy at any time.,贵行的好意我方保证随时回报。,29,物主代词,固定搭配,He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.,他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。,30,省略It,非人称的it,和强势句中的it,It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.,她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。,It was wi

18、th some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.,他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。,31,省略连词,He looked gloomy and troubled.,他看上去有些忧愁不安。,Because departure is not easy we made it brief.,告别这件事难得很，我们就做得简单一些。,32,省略冠词,China is changing, and the changes in China, if they continue, may profoundly change the world.,中国在发生变化，这种变化如果持续下去，就可能真正(彻底)（深刻）地改变全世界。,33,前置词,Smoking is prohibited in public places.,公共场所不准吸烟。,On the 13th of May, 1956, I became a civilian again.,1956年5月13号，我又是一个老百姓了。,34,从修辞的角度,英语重复出现的短语,University applicants who had worked at a jo