语音基础知识.ppt

1、第一课时,语音基础知识,1.概念 1音素：音素是语音的最小单位。 2音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。/ /或 3音素的分类：元音和辅音。 4音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。,元音和辅音的定义： 发音时声带振动，气流在通道上不受发音器官阻碍的音素称为元音。 发音时气流在通道上受到发音器官阻碍的音素称为辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。,HAVE A BREAK,3.辅音因素分类,A. 按声带是否振动分 清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ / / /t/ /ts/ /tr/ /h/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z

2、/ / / / /d/ /dz/ /dr/ /r/ /l/ /w/ /j/ /m/ /n/ / B.按发音方法分 爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 摩擦音 /f/ /v/ / / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ /r/ 破擦音 /t/ /d/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ / 舌边音 /l/ 半元音 /w/ /j/,4.辅音字母的读音规则,b /b/ bag ball bike c /k/ call can /s/ city nice d /d / dad date f /f/ family father g /g/ game get

3、girl /d/ page age cage giraffe h /h/ hat have j /d/ job join k /k/ key kid l /l/ last late,m /m/ many math name n /n/ name nice pen nine p /p/ play pen map pencil r /r/ red ruler read s /s/ sad salad /z/ is his t /t/ table take v /v/ video violin w /w/ want watch x /ks/ six sixteen fox box y /j/ 在词首

4、 yes year yellow /i/ early friendly /ai/ by try fly z /z/ zoo zebra,1.ch /t/ chair chess 10. tr /tr/ tree try 2.sh / fish wish 11. dr /dr/ dry drive 3.th / three thank 12. ts /ts/ cats hats / / this with 13. ds /dz/ hands cards 4.gh / f / laugh cough 14. wh /h/ who whose 5.ph / f / phone photo /w/ w

5、here why 6.ck / k / clock back 15. wr /r/ write wrong 7.kn / n / know knife 16. qu/kw/ quite quick 8.nk /k/ think ink 17.igh/ai/ high fight 9.ng / sing song,5.辅音字母组合的读音规则,6.元音字母及字母组合的读音规则,ay,ey,oy,uy; aw,ew,ow;ar,er,or,ir,ur 组合 a,e,i,o,u 互组,元音字母与元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音,a /e/(开音节) age case date wake late /(闭

6、音节) at bag bat cat mat map /e/（any） any many anything /在w或wh后 want watch what /:/ (在f,ss,th等前) afternoon class father al /:/字母组合 all also ball call ay /e/字母组合 day May play ai /e/字母组合 wait tail nail sail ar /:/字母组合 art card star start smart,e /i:/(开音节) we be he me she these /e/(闭音节) bed best desk red

7、 get let pen ea /i:/字母组合 meat eat please cream tea ea /e/字母组合 breakfast head dead ea /字母组合 real really theater ea /e/字母组合 great break breaker ear /字母组合 hear near dear ear /:/字母组合 learn earn early ee /i:/字母组合 green need see er /:/字母组合 her certain certainly,i /a/ (开音节) ice like nice nine write bike /

8、(闭音节) big sit little kid list with igh /a/字母组合 high right night light fight ir /:/ 字母组合 girl sir first birthday,u /ju:/(开音节) student use computer music unit /u:/ (开音节) June ruler blue glue /(闭音节) bus but cup drum lunch run fun /(闭音节) put pull push pushy,o /(开音节) rose go no so note sofa /(闭音节) clock

9、not hot dog lot mom /u:/(结尾时) do two to who oo /u:/字母组合 moon soon cool too zoo oo /字母组合 book look good wool / (在l,m,n,v,th前) colour love come son mother oa /字母组合 goat coat boat coach oy /字母组合 boy toy joy,ow /a/字母组合 how cow now wow /字母组合 yellow window snow low show ore /:/字母组合 more before store our /

10、:/字母组合 your four oor /:/字母组合 floor door poor ou /a/字母组合 found sound around out mountain /u:/字母组合 you group through soup /字母组合 young country one or /:/字母组合 for report short north forty /:/在w后 word world worth worse,2.元音字母与元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音,a / around about again ar/er / answer brother grammar e/i/o /, / April student violin h