剑桥商务英语课文辅导6a_reporting_results

1、学习重点1 Homework Review 2 Measuring performance3 Description of charts4 数字系列讲座（二）5 Oral Practice - What is important when6 商务文章阅读赏析7 完型填空8 HomeworkI. Homework Review5 Facilities and amenities7 ing 还是-ed。(1) excited (2) confusing(3) interested (4) disappointed (5) shocked (6) fascinatingII. Measuring p

2、erformanceListening.sales volume 销售额volume nounSOUNDuncountablethe amount of sound produced by a television, radio etcturn the volume up/down 请把音量挑高/低AMOUNT OF SOMETHINGcountable usually singular, uncountable the total amount of something, especially when it is large or increasing 量volume ofThe volu

3、me of traffic on the roads has increased dramatically in recent years. 近些年，路面的交通量激增了好几倍。the volume of trade 贸易量SPACE FILLEDcountable usually singular a measurement of the amount of space that a substance or object fills, or the amount of space in a container 容积volume ofan instrument for measuring th

4、e volume of a gas 测量气体容积的工具The volume of the container measures 10,000 cubic metres. 这个容器的容积是1万立方米。BOOKcountablea) a book that is part of a set, or one into which a very long book is divided 卷The period from 1940-45 is in volume 9. 1945-49年的内容在第九卷中。dividend noun countable1 a part of a companys profi

5、t that is divided among the people with shares in the company股份红利；股息2 pay/bring dividendso be very useful and bring a lot of advantages, especially later in the future 有好处ood eating habitswill pay dividends later on in life. 良好的饮食习惯会让你在日后的生活中受益良多。听力原文词汇specialize verb intransitiveto limit all or mos

6、t of yur study, business etc to a particular subject or activity 专长于specialize inSimmons specialized in contract law. 希蒙的专长是合同法。breakeven noun uncountable the level of business activity at which a company is making neither a profit nor a loss不赚不赔；收支平衡(the) breakeven point/level The firm should reach

7、 breakeven point after one year. 该公司在一年后收支平衡。break evento neither make a profit nor lose money赚不赔；收支平衡Were hoping that well at least break even, and perhaps make a small profit. 我们预计我们的生意至少收支平衡，或者略微获利。volatile adjective1 a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning 多变的an inc

8、reasingly volatile political situation 变得越来越复杂多变的政治局面the highly volatile stock and bond markets 变化多的股票和债券市场2 someone who is volatile can suddenly become angry or violent 易怒的3 technical a volatile liquid or substance changes easily into a gas 易挥发的volatility noun uncountablerumour noun uncountable and

9、 countable information or a story that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true 谣言，谣传rumour about/ofIve heard all sorts of rumours about him and his secretary. 我听到有关他和他秘书之间的各种传闻。Rumour has it that Jeans getting married again. 有谣言传出说简即将再婚。Where did the rumour start? 谣言是从哪

10、里传出来的？peak noun countableTIMEusually singular the time when something or someone is best, greatest, highest, most successful etc 巅峰at somethings peakThe British Empire was at its peak in the mid 19th century. 大英帝国在19世纪中叶达到巅峰。Sales this month have reached a new peak. 这个月的销售额再创新高。Most athletes reach t

11、heir peak in their mid 20s. 多数运动员在25、6岁时达到他们的巅峰状态。Hes past his peak as a tennis player. 作为一名网球运动员，他已经过了他的黄金期。Oil production is down from its peak of two years ago.石油的生产从两年前的顶峰时期下降了。at the peak of somethingHotel rooms are difficult to find at the peak of the holiday season. 人们很难在度假高峰时期找到饭店房间入住。the pe

12、aks and troughs of the US economy (=high and low points) 美国经济的高峰和低谷MOUNTAINa) the sharply pointed top of a mountain 封尖snow-capped mountain peaks 白雪覆盖的雪山顶peak verb intransitive to reach the highest point or level 达到顶峰Sales peaked in August, then fell sharply. 销售额在八月份达到顶峰，之后急剧下降。peak atWind speeds pea

13、ked at 105 mph yesterday. 风速昨天最高的时候达到了每小时105公里。collapse verbSTRUCTUREintransitive if a building, wall etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged 坍塌Uncle Teds chair collapsed under his weight. 泰德叔叔的椅子经不住他的分量踏了。The roof had collapsed long ago. 这个屋顶很久以前就踏了。ILLNESS/INJU

14、RYintransitive to suddenly fall down or become unconscious because you are ill or weak 失去知觉，突然跌落下来 He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. 他在跳舞时由于心脏病突发而失去了知觉。FAILintransitive if a system, idea, or organization collapses, it suddenly fails or becomes too weak to continue （系统、想法、机构）失灵、失

15、败The luxury car market has collapsed. 豪华汽车市场无人问津。I thought that without me the whole project would collapse. 我认为没有我的话，整个项目将会失败。PRICESintransitive if prices, levels, etc collapse, they suddenly become much lower （价格、程度等）急剧下跌There were fears that property prices would collapse. 人们很担忧房地产的价格将会下降。collaps

16、e nounBUSINESS/SYSTEM/IDEA ETCsingular, uncountable a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue 倒台，突然失败collapse ofthe collapse of the Soviet Union 前苏联的垮台His business was in danger of collapse. 他的生意有破产的危险。BUILDING/STRUCTURE/FURNITURE ETCuncountable when something suddenly

17、falls down 倒塌the collapse of an apartment building during the earthquake 在地震中一栋公寓楼倒塌ILLNESS/INJURYsingular, uncountable when someone suddenly falls down or becomes unconscious because of an illness or injury （由于疾病或受伤）跌落，失去意识The president said he was fine after his collapse yesterday. 总统说尽管他昨天摔倒，但今天感

18、觉还好。MONEY/PRICES ETCsingular a sudden decrease in the value of something 突然下跌the collapse of the stock market 股市价格的下跌collapse ina collapse in the value of pensions 养老金的下降recover 1 intransitive to get better after an illness, accident, shock etc 身体康复After a few days of fever, she began to recover.rec

19、over fromHes in hospital, recovering from a heart attack.2 intransitive to return to a normal condition after a period of trouble or difficulty 恢复正常状态The tourist industry is recovering to pre-war levels. 旅游业恢复到了战前的水平。recover fromYesterday morning shares seemed to recover from Mondays collapse. 昨天早晨，

20、股票价格看上去从周一的下降之后又恢复过来了。decline noun singular, uncountablea decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something 下降decline inThere has been a decline in the size of families. 家庭人员的数量在下降。decline ofthe decline of manufacturing 制造业的衰败rapid/sharp/steep/dramatic decline 迅速/急剧/巨幅/戏剧性的下降a rapid decl

21、ine in unemployment 事业数量的下降steady/gradual/long-term decline 平稳的/逐渐的/长期下降The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual decline until only 40 people were left. 该岛最初只有180人，但是人数不断下降之后，只有40人还在岛上。the social and economic decline faced by many cities 许多城市都面临着社会和经济下滑in declineTheres

22、a widely held belief that educational standards are in decline (=falling). 人们都认为教育质量在下降。decline verbDECREASEintransitive to decrease in quantity or importance 下降Spending on information technology has declined. 在信息技术方面的支出在下降。Car sales have declined by a quarter. 汽车的销售下降了25%。After the war, the city de

23、clined in importance. 战后，该城市的重要性下降了。SAY NOintransitive and transitive formal to say no politely when someone invites you somewhere, offers you something, or wants you to do something 拒绝Offered the position of chairman, Smith declined, preferring to keep his current job. 史密斯获得了董事长职位的提名，但是他拒绝了，还是想在原岗位

24、工作。Mary declined a hot drink and went to her room. 马丽不想喝热饮，直接进了自己的房间。decline an offer/invitation etc Mary declined Jays invitation to dinner. 玛丽拒绝了共赴晚餐的邀请。decline to do somethingThe court declined to review her case. 法庭拒绝再次审理她的案件。The minister declined to comment (=refused to speak to people who repo

25、rt the news) about the progress of the peace talks. 部长拒绝对和平进程事宜发表任何评论。BECOME WORSE intransitive to become gradually worse in quality 质量下降 同义词 deteriorateHer health has been declining progressively for several months.她的健康状况在这几个月里逐步下降。Qualified staff are leaving and standards are declining. 有水平的员工逐渐离开

26、，工作的质量在下降。declining adjective declining attendance at baseball games 棒球观众人数下降marginally adverb not enough to make an important difference 微微地同义词 slightlyGinas grades have improved marginally since last term. 从上学期以来，吉娜的成绩没有取得多少进步。The new system is only marginally more efficient than the old one. 这套新系

27、统只比老的那套提高一点点效率。67 and a half Language Summary.rose sharply by 9.8%just over 6.3mbe upafter steady progressshot uppeak at collapsefallrecovered slowly towent into steady declineimproved againTheyre up slightly by 1.3. III. Description of charts（一）描述趋势的句型有以下两种：1. It increased sharply from January to A

28、pril.主语 + 表示趋势的动词 + 副词 + 时间状语。 2. It showed a small increase from January to April.There was a slight increase from January to April in the sales of computers.(形式)主语 + 动词 + 形容词 + 表示趋势的名词 + 时间状语+in+真是主语。 （二）描述趋势的动词和名词（一）表示上升表示上升的动词Verbs to show increase to go up to rise to increase to climb to grow t

29、o jump to exceed v. 超过 to improve v.改善 to recover v. 恢复 to peak v. 到达顶峰 to reach a peak 到达顶峰 shoot up迅速生长，迅速成长 现在，大家来设想一下，如果一个趋势它已经被描述出来了，那么这种趋势就应该是已经发生过的。在动词的过去式中，有一些是按规则变化，那么大家就不难辨别出来；而还有些动词是不规则变化。因此，下面我们就表示上升动词的过去式以及过去分词形式都一并进行总结。 go -went; gone rise-rose; risen increase -increased; increased cli

30、mb -climbed; climbed grow - grew; grown jump - jumped; jumped exceed -exceeded; exceeded shoot -shot; shot improve - improved; improved recover - recovered; recovered peak-peaked; peaked reach-reached; reached表示上升的名词Nouns to show increase a rise an increase growth an improvement a recovery reach a p

31、eak(二) 表示下降表示下降的动词Verbs to show decrease to go down to fall to decrease to drop to decline to dip to reach a trough (降到谷地) to reduce (v. 减少) to collapse 同样，我们下面就这些动词的过去式和过去分词进行一下总结。 to go -went; gone to fall-fell; fallen to decrease-decreased; decreased to drop-dropped; dropped to decline-declined;

32、declined to dip-dipped; dipped to reduce - reduced; reduced to collapse - collapsed; collapsed表示下降的名词Nouns to show decrease a fall a decrease a decline a drop a reduction: e.g. to see further reductions a collapse （三）表示不变的动词或动词短语 remain the same remain constant (adj. 不变的) remain stable （adj. 不变的） re

33、main steady （adj. 平稳的） remain unchanged show little change level off 稳定下来 （过去式： levelled off）（三）表示上升与下降的形容词与副词同样都是上升，上升的幅度可能不同；同样都是下降，但是下降与下降之间也是不同的。所以这里我们就需要用表示幅度或频度的词汇来修饰。比如：产品A在2002年10-12月中的销售增长很快，也可以说成是增长幅度很急剧。快是频度概念；而急剧则是从幅度上谈变化。不论是用频度词汇还是用幅度词汇来描述，它们都要满足我们上面所列的那两个句型。1. It increased sharply from

34、 January to April.主语 + 表示趋势的动词 + 副词 + 时间状语。 2. It showed a small increase from January to April.There was a slight increase from January to April.(形式)主语 + 动词 + 形容词 + 表示趋势的名词 + 时间状语。 在上升或下降的动词的后面要有表示频度或幅度的副词修饰；在上升或下降的名词的前面则要有表示频度或幅度的形容词来修饰。因此，下面我们就总结一下都有哪些形容词或其相应的副词来修饰表示上升或下降的词汇。形容词副词steady 稳定的The sa

35、les of computers showed a steady increase in the past quarter.steadily 稳定地The sales of computers increased steadily in the past quarter.gradual 渐渐的gradually 渐渐地slight 微微的The production of timber showed a slight fall in the past quarter.slightly 微微地The production of timber fell slightly.slow 慢慢的 (频度词

36、汇) It showed a slow growth.slowly 慢慢地 (频度词汇) It grew slowly.considerable 相当的considerably 相当地noticeable 明显的noticeably 明显地sharp 急剧的sharply 急剧地significant 巨大的significantly 巨大地dramatic 戏剧性的，巨大的dramatically 戏剧性地；巨大地substantial 巨大的substantially 巨大地enormous 巨大的enormously 巨大地rapid 快的 (频度词汇)rapidly 快地 （频度词汇）

37、（四）表示趋势幅度的另一种方法在上面的讲解中，我们学会了上升、下降以及不变的表达方法，也学会了用幅度和频度副词或形容词来描述变化的情况。但是这些描述都还是太抽象了，所以在一些情况下，我们还会引入数据的表达方式，这样就更为准确了。l 当我们要描述从上升（下降）到，我们可以使用介词fromto。比如：The sales of computers improved from 25 units to 30 units.The enrollment dipped from 39 students in November to 20 students in December.l 当我们要描述变化的幅度时，

38、我们用介词by或of。比如：The sales of computers rose from 25 units to 30 units. The sales rose by 5 units.电脑的销售从25台增长到30台，增长了5台。(表示趋势的动词 + by)The sales of computers rose from 25 units to 30 units. They showed an increase of 5 units.电脑的销售从25台增长到30台，增长了5台。（表示趋势的名词 + of）l 当我们要描述一组数据的起点、最高点以及终点时，应该使用介词at。It starte

39、d at 2.It peaked at 10.It finished at 2.（五）大约和大概 When you describe a line graph or a bar chart, you cannot really find the exact figures. So you should use the following words to demonstrate your accuracy on description. just underwell underjust overwell over roughly approximately around about nearl

40、yalmost（六） 描述趋势 In some real situations or in the real test, the graph may have a lot of changes within a period of time. So in this case, you should grasp the main trends. Study the graphs and the language below. There was an upward trend. There was a generally upward trend.There were fluctuations.

41、 / It fluctuated.There was a downward trend. There was a generally downward trend.(七) 时间表达法Between 1980and1990In 1980Since 1980(八) 对比In 198039% of rural dwellers had drinking waterscompared with 50% in 1990.whereas in 1990 50% had it.More Fewer urban ruraldwellers have a water supply thanrural urban

42、dwellers.(九) 时态In most cases, the graph is drawn according the past figures. However, some graphs collected data according the speculation. So then you should use the simple future tense. Alternatively, the graph may relate to the present figures. Therefore, you should use the present perfect tense

43、to illustrate the graph.Checklistl Describing trendsl Describing increase and decreasel Incorporating datal Using approximationsl Writing appropriate and varied sentence patternsl Writing about varied time periods.巩固练习Vocabulary ex 5.1. to rise/ a rise2. to fall/ a fall3. to collapse/ a collapse4. t

44、o peak / a peak5. to recover / a recovery ; to improve/ an improvement 6. to shoot upSelf-study 6a I.1. rose2. collapsed3. shooting up4. peaked5. fall6. recoveryIII. 1. at2. from, to3. in4. by , ofV.1. suddenly2. substantial3. steady4. hard5. marginally6. dramaticallySharePriceinUSDollars图表写作实践练习SCO

45、RPIO GROUP: Share price from issue tobuy-back198619871988图表阅读分析参考答案The issue price of shares inScorpio was US$6 inlate1986. The price then rose, but fell dramatically at the end of 1987. Pricesrecovered slightly in 1988, but were still below the issue price. They fellagain and recovered to reach the

46、 issue price in late 1988 when the company wasbought back.IV.数字系列讲座（二）Expressing thetimeThe twelve-hour clock 十二小时制的表达方法:lA simple way totell the time is to say the numbers.一种简单的表述时间的方法就是直接说出相应的数字来。比如：10.20我们可以说成是：tentwenty11.15 我们可以说成是：elevenfifteen4.45 我们可以说成是：fourforty-fivelYou can say thehours i

47、n two ways:在整点时你可以用这样两种方法来表达：ninenineoclockBut dont makethis common mistake:*nine-thirtyoclockTHIS IS WRONG.但是一定不要犯这种常见的错误，即在非整点时间的后面加上oclock，这是非常错误的。lIf you need to beexact you can say: 如果你在表达时间时想要更加准确的话，你可以在时间的后面加上a.m.或p.m.，以此来表示是0点-12点，还是12点-24点。比如：上午十点：ten a.m.或者ten in themorning晚上十点：ten p.m.或者t

48、en atnight.At noon在正午12点At midnight在子夜24点lYou can also tellthe time this way:你也可以使用to和past来表达时间。例：one oclock ten past three a quarter past four half past five twenty -five to six a quarter tosevenThe twenty-four hour clock二十四小时制：这种说法一般用在列车或飞机飞行时刻表中。比如：10.30 ten thirty 13.15 thirteen fifteen 1200 twe

49、lve hundredhours0800 oh eight hundredhours0201 two oh onelDaysMonday星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday星期日lMonths:January 一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 十一月December 十二月lSeasonsspring 春季 summer夏季autumn 秋季( US En

50、glish美国英语: fall) winter 冬季lYears在表达年份时，如果是2000年以前，我们应该将年份中的四个数字两个两个地来表达。1995nineteenninety-five1856eighteen fifty-six1066 ten sixty-six1800 eighteenhundred1900 nineteenhundred 2000年以后（含2000年）则应先说两千，即2000two thousand(twenty hundred)2001two thousand andone (twenty oh one)2008 two thousand and eight (t

51、wenty oheight)年代的前面用介词in连接in 2008 = in the year 2008 (在2008年)其他时间短语的搭配:in the 1990s在20世纪90年代in the 21stcentury在21世纪in the early/late 1990s在90年代初期/在90年代末期decade注意发音at the turn of the centuryV. Oral practice - What isimportant when.-One-minutetalkWHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN?Choosing a business courselconte

52、ntlreputation of business schooll l 思路拓展experience oftrainerscostlocationqualifications (diploma,certificate)话语连接When choosing a businesscourse, there are the following factors that should be taken into consideration.First, the content is important.Second, we need to find outa reliable business school. By this, I meanFinally, location of thebusiness school is another factor.Thats what I believe on thetopic of choosing a business