虚拟语气Grammar

1、虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood (I),GRAMMER 语法,Subjunctive mood,一、语气的分类,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,关于陈述语气,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will

2、stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,关于陈述语气 2,关于祈使语气 1,关于祈使语气 2,关于祈使语气 3,关于祈使语气 4,虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone.,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.,名从：Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon.,虚拟条件句 表示条件是无

3、法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,一. if Sentence Structure p86 if 虚拟条件句的结构,a. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设 b. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设 c. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设,1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件 状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(或were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。,虚拟语气,If I were a boy, I would join the army.,If I had a lot of money,I woul

4、d buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now,I would go shopping.,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fil

5、l in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,2. 与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语用had过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式； 主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have

6、动词过去分词。,If he _ （drive)more carefully, he _(have) the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _(learn) how to swim,I _ (be) trapped in this island last year.,had learnt,would not have been,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earl

7、ier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,3. 与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第

8、一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。,If he got up early,他就会按时了。,he would be on time.,假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _

9、 (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.,were to control,would be,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。 例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相

10、反 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,V+ ed (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V (原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. V. + ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.(原),总

11、结：虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法,二、虚拟语气特殊句型:,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时(were) 过去: 过去完成时(had done) 未来: would/could/might +V.(原) should,I wish everyday were my birthday.,I wish I hadnt eaten so much food.,I wish I would grow tall.,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我昨天要是遇见他就好了。 I wish I had met him yest

12、erday. 我希望成为一名科学家。 I wish I would be a scientist.,我希望和你一样高。,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,I wish it would rain t

13、omorrow.,2. would rather that,现在: 过去: 未来:, I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。即 1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose 4) de

14、mand, require, request, ask,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。,1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2) He insisted that she _ (be)ser

15、iously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.,obey,was,be sent,3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request,4. Its

16、 necessary/strange/natural/ important /pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+ 动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.,很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我们有必要努力学习。 Its necessary that we should study hard.,5.

17、 as if /though + 从句,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时, She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),She talks about Rome as th

18、ough she had been there herself., 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。 He looks as if he were drunk. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。 She looked as if she were made of ice.,我们该去睡觉了。,6. Its (about/high) time +that,过去时(were) should(不省) +V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high

19、time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,7. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中， “要是就好了” If only I were a flying bird! = How I wish I were a flying bird! 要是我看过那部电影就好了！ If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the film!,

20、8. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。,If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.,要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。 If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help = Without your help = Had it not been for your help,9. 混合型的条件句 当条件

21、从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应， 这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的 混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时 （指过去行为），而主句用一般时 （指目前状态）。,如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么 办了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you,

22、I would not have broken the glass.,10. 连词if的省略 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had 和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于 书面语。 要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed., 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底 消灭干净。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely.,句型练习 (用If I were you句型翻译下列句子),1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学