新托福阅读指代题.pptx

1、指代题,Lillian 苑,1. 数量不多：每篇0-2道题。 2. 指代词：each, this, that, those,these,it, which, both, neither, that(this)+n(抽象名词） 3. 难度不大，因此要确保稳拿到手 4. 出题形式：the word X in the passage refers to.;the word X in the passage refers to.,Forms and solutions,1. personal pronouns Jazz is a mixture of many different kinds of m

2、usic. It is a combination of the music of West, the work sons the slaves sang, and religious music. 人称指代词指代对象是名词；如果说是并列的句子或者相邻两个句子的关系，指代词和被指代对象在句子中充当的位置是一致的。主语对主语。,2. demonstrative pronouns Nearly every other animal has a relatively heavy coat of fur to protect it from the weather. When humans began

3、 changing their environment by wearing clotes and building homes, this became unnecessary. 指示代词是指代一个句子或者短语，一般指代对象是本句的主句或者是前一句的主句。,3. relative pros Nylon had many advantages:it was tough and stiff; it tended to keep its shape; and moisture could not seek into it, which discouraged the growth of bacte

4、ria. 关系代词是指代名词或者一个句子（限制性定从和非限制性定从）,4. other pros The kit fox resembles its distant cousin, the gray fox. Both have thick coats and bushy tails. Both，neither都是指代两者；either指代两者中的其中一个 5. pro-forms The Nile waters were found to be choked with plant matter. That awful condition was caused by a shortage of

5、 rainful in the Niles watershed. This,that+noun也是指代某种情况，一般是指代前面句子或者本句中的主句。,The word “this” in the passage refers to A. the acting out of rites B. the divorce of ritual performers from the rest of society c,. The separation of myths from rites D. the celebration of supernatural forces But the myths t

6、hat have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the groups oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken forward theatre as an autonomous activity, and therafter emtertainment and aesthetic valu

7、es may gradually replace the former mystically and socially efficacious conerns. 往前走一句，找句子主干，并列句的话，就后半句为主。,2. the word “they” in the passage is cloest in meaning to A. adapted B. likely C. difficult D. resistnt As snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights o

8、n the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. 从句中的主语跟主干句子中的一致对应。,3. the word “it” in the passage refers to A. pakicetus B. fish C. life D. ocean It has beeen suggested that pakicetus on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the

9、 open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.,4. the word “it” refers to A. the advent of projection B. the viewers relationship with the image C. a similar machine D. celluloid With the advent of projection, the viewers relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been,D,The

10、 word “this” in the passage refers to A. the spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaii B. the creation of the Hawaiian islands C. the evolution of ferns D. the development of plants that produce seeds Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Islands were born from the sea)

11、, another kind of flora evolved on Earth:the seed-bearing plants. This was a wonderful biological invention.,b,The word “these” in the passage refers to A. religious ceremonies B. descriptions C. types of ware D. pots Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assi

12、st in classifying pos, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.,A,The word “they” in the passage refers to A. statues B. gateways C. temples d,pillared courts Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectual setting, for instance, in front of the monu

13、mental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectual context.,A,The word “it” in the passage refers to A. an external cue such as sunrise B. the daily rhythm of an

14、animal C. the local solar day D. a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours Animals need natural periodic signals like sunrise to maintain a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours. Such an external cue not only coordinates an animals daily rhythems with particular features of the local solar day but also-because it normally does so day after day-seems to keep the internal clocks period close to that of earths rotation.,B,The word “