《药剂学专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

1、孙 进 沈阳药科大学 药剂教研室 新科研楼327室 Tel: 23986325,专业英语 (药剂学专业),科学引文索引是美国科技信息研究Institute for Scientific Information, 简称ISI)编辑出版社的用来查询科技文献及其引用情况的检索工具,其内容涉及科技领域150 多个学科, 主要门类可归为数学、物理学、化学、生物学、微生物学、农业、分子生物学与遗传学、临床医学、神经学、药学、计算机科学、生态与环境等,其中以基础科学研究为主。由于SCI 对其收录的期刊采用了定量和定性的多种严格而科学的方法筛选,因而它所收载的均是集中了各学科高质量的优秀论文精萃的期刊,全面覆

2、盖了世界最重要、最有影响的研究成果。SCI 的研究成果代表着世界基础学科研究的最高水准。科技论文被SCI 收录和引用,成为评价其国际学术地位、基础科学研究水平、科技创新实力和科技论文质量的国际通用的依据。,SCI (Science Citation Index),药 剂 专 业 常 见 的 权 威 期 刊,国际药学杂志 International J of Pharmaceutics 2.0 药物研究 Pharmaceutical Research 2.9 药物科学杂志 J of Pharmaceutical Science 2.2 药学及药理学杂志 J of Pharmacy and Pha

3、rmacology 1.3 控制释放杂志 J of Controlled Release 3.3 欧洲药物科学杂志 Eur. J of Pharmaceutical Science 1.9 药物传递 Drug Delivery 1.3,专 业 英 语 的 特 点,单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意) 长的复合句(句中有句、并列句) 被动语态的广泛应用 晦涩的背景知识 英美母语专业的习惯,Dilate, elevate, disintegrate，apothecary Erythromycin, macrolide, levofloxacin Neonate, children, adult, ge

4、riatrics Cardiac, gastrointestinal, mydriatic, miotics, bowel, constipation, emetics,生 僻,单词的专业化 (生僻、复合、多意),Pharmacy, pharmaceutical, pharmaceutics pharmacogenetics, pharmacognosy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic, pharmacopoeia, pharmacophobia, pharmacophore, pharmacotherapy pharmacology, pharmacol

5、ogist, pharmaceutist, pharmacist Biopharmacy,造词中最常使用的复合法 形成具有创新意义的单词,单词的专业化 (生僻、复合、多意),Pupil Administer Agent Term side effect The film is generally colored. The solutes passage through the biological barrier.,多 意,单词的专业化 (生僻、复合、多意),英译汉的方法,英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。而英译汉的过程则是 正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语

6、再现英语原文的过程, 在英译汉的过程中, 有两点值得我们特别地注 意: 1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构; 2) 在翻译过程中, 英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。 3) 译文得合乎汉语的习惯,中英文语法结构不同，英文可随时插入定语，对名词作进一步的阐述；插入状语，对谓语动词加以修饰和限制，逐渐形成结构复杂、逻辑严密的长句。 中文句子多简短，有主次先后，逐点交代，层层铺开。语言结构的不同致使英文长句汉译有一定的难度。 要翻译英文中长得像火车似的句子，就必须把它切成一节一节地来译，故采用拆译法是解决问题的有效

7、途径。,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),It is well known that although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin, the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a medicinal agent, and the degree and rate vary wit

8、h different drugs and with different vehicles.,复 合 句,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),It is well known that although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin, the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a

9、medicinal agent, and the degree and rate vary with different drugs and with different vehicles.,复 合 句,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),Drugs administered intravenously provide rapid action compared to other routes of administration and because drug absorption is not a factor, optimum blood levels may be achieved wit

10、h the accuracy and immediacy not possible by other routes。,并 列 句,长的复合句(句中有句、并列句),被动语态的广泛应用,The majority of tablets are used in the oral administration of drugs. Many of these are prepared with colorants and coating of various types. Tablets are prepared primarily of compression with a limited number

11、 prepared by molding. Their shape and dimension are determined by use of various shaped punches and dies.,被动语态的广泛应用,劣:We immersed the samples in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in acetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled water. 优:The samples were immersed in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in a

12、cetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled water.,被动语态的广泛应用,优:The work was carried out on the Imperial College gas atomizer，which was described in detail elsewhere . 劣:We carried out this work on the Imperial College gas atomizer，which was described in detail elsewhere.,被动语态的广泛应用,A system has been d

13、eveloped which relates combinations of a drugs solubility (high or low) and its intestinal permeability (high or low) as a possible basis for predicting the likelihood of achieving a successful in vivo-in vitro correlation (IVIVC). For a high solubility and high permeability drug, an IVIVC may be ex

14、pected if the dissolution rate is slower than the rate of gastric emptying.,The rate at which a drug substance dissolves in medium is referred to as its dissolution rate. Dissolution rate data, when considered along with data on the drugs solubility, partition characteristics, and dissolution consta

15、nt, can provide an indication of the drugs absorption potential following administration.,晦涩的背景知识,英美母语专业的习惯,Although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin, the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of

16、penetration of a medicinal agent,语 句 的 要 求,句型的分析* 指标词的运用* 能够进行较为流畅翻译* 能够书写简单的短英语文章* 知道科技论文书写的时态,句型的分析,A system has been developed which relates combinations of a drugs solubility (high or low) and its intestinal permeability (high or low) as a possible basis for predicting the likelihood of achievin

17、g a successful in vivo-in vitro correlation (IVIVC).,This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of the structure,drug interaction mechanism. In view of its wide localization . of P-gp,and its ATP-dependent outward-oriented transport, P-gp actively participates in intestinal secretion,

18、blood-tissue barriers,and . Moreover,the importance of P-gp-mediated drug interactions in clinical practice can hardly be underestimated,since it may result in severe side effects,such as digitalis drug interaction. Polymorphism or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)associated with P-gp may exert a

19、 significant effect on the pharmacokinetic behavior of its substrates,a fact .In addition,dietary components and pharmaceutical excipients may modulate P-gp activity,and as a result affect in vivo drug disposition and therapeutic efficacy;examples include grapefruit juice,Pluronic P85,PEG 300,etc.In

20、 summary,it should be emphasized that P-gp is an integral component in the process of drug discovery,development strategy,and clinical therapy.,指标词的运用,The systemic clearance of many quinolone antibiotics is mainly via metabolism and urinary excretion; by contrast, biliary excretion is a major route

21、of elimination for a new quinolone grepafloxacin (GPFX). Accordingly, we studied the hepatic up-take of GPFX because it is the first step in the drugs hepato-biliary transport. GPFX inhibited the uptake of taurocholic acid, pravastatin (organic anion), ci-metidine (organic cation) and ouabain (neutr

22、al steroid). However, GPFX uptake was not inhibited by these compounds. In conclusion, the effective hepatic uptake of quinolone antibiotics are via carrier-mediated active transport, which is distinct from that involved in the transport of bile acids, organic anions, organic cations or neutral ster

23、oids.,指标词的运用,药剂专外中单词要求,尽量掌握专业科技论文中见单词 尽量掌握多的词根、词缀和短语 尽量掌握多的本专业的重要单词 注意单词在普通英语与专业英语中的差别,教 学 方 法,每次课前将要考学生的专业单词掌握情况 每次课前要求大家预习，课中要求学生翻译 每次课将强调一些重要的专业单词 每次课将强调一些重要的词根和词缀 每次课将强调一些重要的句型,The rate at which a drug substance dissolves in medium is referred to as its dissolution rate. A drug is defined/denote

24、d/described as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis,. An agent intended for use in the diagnosis,., is defined/referred to/described as a drug. 食物是指能够提供人们营养的一类物质。 A substance capable of providing the nourishment to humans is referred to as Food Involve, be Involved in, Involving,Introduction t

25、o drugs and pharmacy,Gastrointestinal, Gastric, intestinal, enteric, intestine Erythro- Erythromycin, Erythrocyte, erythroblast hemo- hemoleukocyte, hemoglobin, hemolysis, hemodialysis, hemodynamic Hema- hemachrome, hematology. Hematolysis, hematic Serum, plasma, blood, Secretion, Excretion Assist i

26、n, aid in, help to, facilitate AIDS爱滋病, 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome),Introduction to drugs and pharmacy,Im- Potence, impotence, mobile, immobile, immobilize, personal, impersonal Anti- antidote, antineoplastic, antibiotics, antimicrobial, Accomplishment, Achievement hyper- hyper

27、sonic, hypertension, hypertonic, hyperplasia hypo- hypotension, hypodermic, hypotonic, Anesthetics, esthetics; analgesic, algesimeter under- undertake, undergo, underline, undermine, underscore, underlying,Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion Metabolism, metabolic, metabolite, metabolize

28、Administration (Oral, Rectal, Parenteral, dermal, nasal, pulmonary, intravenous, ) Dosage forms, preparations (tablets, capsules, injections, suppositories, ointments, aerosols), aero- aerosol, aerospace, aerostatic, aerotropic, aeroacoustic Neo- neonate, neolith/paleolith, neomycin, neoclassic, Dru

29、g delivery system (DDS), Transdermal delivery system (TDS),专 业 单 词,fillers, thickeners, preservatives, suspending agents, colorants Gastrointestinal, Rectal, Parenteral, dermal, nasal,formula, formulate , preformulation Formulation (公式化, 列方程式有系统而确切的陈述或说明配方设计, 规化) Pharmaceutics ingredients: fillers,

30、thickeners, disintegrants, solvents, tablet coatings, suspending agents, antimicrobial preservatives, flavors,colorants, sweeteners Stable, stability, stabilize, Additive, component,Shelf life (包装食品的)货架期, 保存限期) Compatible, incompatible Accuracy, inaccuracy Therapeutical, therapy, chemotherapy, pharm

31、acotherapeutics,Maximum, maximal, minimum, minimal, Regimen (A regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise, intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect), Regiment Contribute to, attribute to, be attributable to account for; Be responsible for; benefit from, suffer from Saf

32、eguard, gatekeeper,USP(United States Pharmacopoeia) BP(British Pharmacopoeia) ChP(Chinese Pharmacopoeia) NF(National Formulary) Test, assay, analysis, examine, check, compliance (Compliance with the law is expected in the state.), comply with, Increase the patients compliance Compendium (纲要), monogr

33、aph (专论、专题) mono- monograph, monolayer, monodrama, monolith, monologue Bi- bilinguist; bimillennium, bigamy Tri- triangular, triangle, trigamy,专 业 单 词,Drug delivery system (DDS), Transdermal Drug delivery system(TDDS), community, 分子量 处方集，USP，dosage regimen, 分子式,药物传递系统，经皮给药系统，社区，molecular weight Nati

34、onal formulary, 美国药典，给药方案，molecular format,胃肠道， 小肠， secretion 血浆， 血清， 全血 , excretion,Gastrointestinal tract, intestine, 分泌 Plasma, serum, blood, 排泄,Nonproprietary(通用的), proprietary(专利的, 有专利权的, 独占的) generic(一般的, 普通的;【生】属的, 类的;(商品)未注册的),In fulfilling this function, the compendia become the legal docum

35、ents, every statement of which must be of a high degree of clarity and specificity. 药物制剂中含有多种成分，其中每一个成分都具有其独特的作用。The pharmaceutical preparations contain lots of components, each (ingredient) of which has a unique function to itself.,Readily (adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地) Emboss(饰以浮饰, 使浮雕出来) em- embody, embolus(

36、n.医栓子, 栓塞物), empoison, empower, embrace, emulate en-, -en enlarge, enmesh, enclose, encase thicken, blacken, sweeten, dampen, enhance, enhancer, Imprint(印; 盖印于), im- impotence , in- insomnia, incompatible, Thereby, therefore, therein, thereof, thereon. Hereby, herein, hereof, hereon. Whereafter, whe

37、reabout, whereby, whereat,Flexible, Flexibility, inflexible,inflexibility individual, individualize, individualist, individually Compromise From a pharmaceutic standpoint/point, From my standpoint/point of view, To me best knowledge, In my opinion, From where I stand, As far as I am concerned, As I

38、see, Personally speaking Take in account/consideration, take account of bear/have . In mind, simultaneous Concur, Concurrence, concurrent, concurring (同时发生的， 并发的) incur, occur, Be subject to (在.条件下; 常遭.; 易受.的侵袭; 受控制; 服从.的指挥), subjected to,专 业 单 词,fillers, thickeners, Gastrointestinal, preservatives,

39、 NF(National Formulary), monograph Suspending agents, Parenteral, ChP(Chinese Pharmacopoeia) ,Compendium,片剂、胶囊、注射剂、气溶胶，处方前 代谢、口服给药、排泄、非胃肠道给药 Oral administration; parenteral administration,专 业 单 词,Gastrointestinal tract, preservatives, instant dissolving tablet, chewable tablet 硬胶囊，软胶囊，suppository, e

40、nteric-coated tablets, gelatin(e),Intact, integrated tactics/strategy, tactful Extended/prolonged/controlled/sustained/modified-released dosage forms Instant dissolving/disintergrant/dispersible tablets, Sublingual, buccal, mucosal, nasal, rectal, dermal, venous, arterial, vein artery opaque, opaqua

41、nt, colorant, desiccant Hydro- hydrolysis, hydrophobic, hydrophobicity, hydrophilic, hydrodynamic, hydrobiology, hydrogel, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, water, aqueous -lysis, Electrolysis, Electrolyte, thermolysis,Fine, coarse, Rigid, Free from, free of charge Hygro- hygrogram, hygroscope, hygroscopic, hy

42、grology, hygrometer, hygrophobia, hygrophilous in vitro in vivo in situ Bioavailability, available, availability, Proteo- proteolytic, proteolipid, Passage(vi.通过, 横过, 穿过; 航行, 旅行) Characteristic, property, pattern, feature Gastric residence time, gastric emptying Fasting, nonfasting, solubility, solu

43、ble, insoluble,专 业 单 词,Absorption Enhancer, controlled/sustained released dosage forms Bioavailability, Gastric residence time, Sublingual, buccal, mucosal,专 业 单 词,instant dissolving tablets, chewable tablets，肠溶片, Desiccant, colorant 硬胶囊，软胶囊， Instant disintergrant/dispersible tablets,Methyl, ethyl,

44、propyl, butyl, Octa-, octanol, -decane, octadecane Capsule, capsulate, encapsulate Excipient, ingredient, component, adjunct Disintergration, dissolution, dissolve, resolve, absolve Outset, onset, beginning, duration,end Compressed tablet, molded tablet,Diluents, fillers, binders, adhesives, disinte

45、rgrants, disintergrating agents Antiadherents, glidants, lubriants, lubricating agents, colorant, flavorant, Expert, expertise, Multiple compressed tablets, Multiple-layered tablets,专 业 单 词,Disintergration, dissolution, 模制片，压制片 Punch, Die, excipient, adjuncts, granulation,专 业 单 词,稀释剂，粘合剂，抗粘剂，multipl

46、e-layered tablets 填充剂，崩解剂，助流剂，润滑剂,sugar-coated tablets,Bulk n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装 vt.显得大, 显得重要 Bulky adj.大的, 容量大的, 体积大的 Tamper n 屏, 护持器 Rupt- rupture, erupt, corrupt, abrupt, disrupt Mucosa n.解黏膜 bypass byproduct bywork Lozenge n.菱形, 止咳糖, troche n.药片, 片剂 Local, localize,localized systemic Effervescent, effervescency Triturate vt.弄成粉, 粉碎, 磨碎, 捣碎 n.磨碎的东西 Tablet triturate 片剂研碎物,专 业 单 词,Homogenous，崩解，溶出, 模， Heterogeneous, 冲， compactability,Hyper-hypersonic, hypertension, hypertonic, hyperplasia hypo- hypotension, hypodermic, hypotonic, fabricate 制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造, 虚构, prefabri