宾语从句 (2)

1、宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 宾语从句：在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类：动宾从句，介宾从句，形

2、宾从句。1.宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。He told that he would go to the college the next yearI dont know if/whether there will be a bus any more.连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, w

3、hatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?I dont know whom you should depend on.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?连接副词连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.He didnt tell m

4、e when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.2.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带

5、宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?动词短语也可以带宾语从句make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find, feel, co

6、nsider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mat

7、er. 有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.I take it that you will agree with us.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovere

8、d what we had learned to be valuable.3.介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shen zhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.用that, if引导的介词宾语从句,有时候except, but, besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor excep

9、t that he used to work with a company.4.形容词的宾语从句用来引导宾从的形容词:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.5.if,wheter在宾语从句中的区别if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后,介词后一般不用i

10、f少数动词,如:leave, put, discuss ,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether. I cant decide whether to stay. 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that当that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句

11、之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this, that或this, that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.7.宾语从句的否定转移主句是谓语动词是think, believe, Imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移

12、到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?8.宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时候一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去

13、时的时候从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didnt know what country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生

14、在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public migh

15、t choose as their favorite singer this year?(1)主、从句时态一致,主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时.主句谓语现在时，从句时态任需； 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；He told me that he was born in 1980. （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） （3）在表示建议 suggest , adv

16、ise ；要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide；命令 order、command；坚决主张 insist；等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） （4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置 （5）宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 E gI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better? B当it作形式

17、宾语时 E gShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C当宾语从句前置时 E gThat our team will win，I believe1. The teacher told the children that the sun round. A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins4. The soldiers soon reached _ w

18、as once an old temple _ the villagers used as a school. A. which; where B. what; which C. where; which D. what; where 5. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If6. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come

19、B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come7. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where8. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended9. I want to know _.A. whom is she lookin

20、g after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after10. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live11. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves12. I dont know _. Can

21、 you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are13. The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings14. I cant understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. w