高中英语代词用法总结.ppt

1、,Pronoun,代词,概述,代词（pronoun）是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词，根据其语义和语法功能可将其分为九类。,人称代词（personal pronoun）、物主代词（possessive pronoun）、 反身代词（reflexive pronoun）、相互代词（reciprocal pronoun） 指示代词（demonstrative pronoun）、疑问代词（interrogative pronoun） 连接代词（conjunctive pronoun）、关系代词（relative pronoun） 不定代词（indefinite pronoun）,人称代词

2、,人称代词,人称代词表示人称范畴以及它们的曲折变化形式。人称代词有三个人称，每个人称又分为单复数形式。,数,人称代词,第一人称单数：第一人称单数主格 I 代表说话者，在句中必须大写。如： The light is bad. I cant see clearly. 光线不好，我看不清。 2. 第一人称复数：第一人称复数we可以用来代表说话者一方。如： We need some more apples. 我们还需要些苹果。,Note： 在并列主语中，I 总放在最后。如： You and I 我和你 Mary, Charles and I 玛丽、查尔斯和我,3.第二人称的单复数形式相同，都是you，

3、you究竟是表示单数还是复数往往取决于具体语境。 you可以代表听话者一方，如： Are you ready？你（们）准备好了吗？ You two must arrive on time. 你们俩必须准时到达。 you也可以用来泛指任何人，如： You never know what may happen.谁也不会知道会发生什么事。,4. 第三人称单数阳性（he） 第三人称单数阳性he代表已提到过的男性。如： Where is John？ He is in the garden. 在一些习语中，he可以泛指一般人。如： He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后

4、，谁笑得最好。 He is most powerful who governs himself. 能克制自己的人是最有力量的人。,5.第三人称单数阴性（she） 第三人称单数阴性she指已提到过的女性。如： Where is Mary? She has gone shopping. 除此之外，she还可表示： 雌性动物： The mare whined when she saw her master. 这匹母马见到主人时会嘶叫。 b. 船只、车辆： She is a fine ship. 这是条很好的船。 c. 国家： Spain is a major car manufacturer. Sh

5、e exports cars to the UK. 西班牙是个重要的汽车生产国，它出口汽车到英国。,6. 第三人称单数中性 it a. 某样东西 Wheres my map? I left it on the table. 我的去哪儿了？我把它放在桌子上的。 b. 抽象事物 Youve saved my life. I shall never forget it. 你救了我的命，我永远不会忘记的。 c. 婴儿 Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos. 她刚生的婴儿个头很小，才两公斤。,2020/10/9,d. 打电话时问对方是谁 Who is

6、it(that)? Its me. 是谁来电话？是我 e. 时间、日期等 What time is it? It is eight oclock. 现在几点钟？ 八点。 f. 天气、环境等 It is raining. 现在在下雨。 g. 距离 How far is it to Chicago? It is 800 kilometers. 这儿离芝加哥有多远？八百公里。,物主代词,物主代词,物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。,词义,物主代词,形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能做定语，其人称、数和性取决于所指的名词或代词。如： Kathy ha

7、s cut her finger. 凯西把手划破了。 Everybody must do his work well. 人人都应做好自己的工作。 2. 可与own连用表示强调。如： I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼所见。 He has nothing of his own.他自己一无所有。,3.名词性物主代词相当于名词，可以在句中单独承担句子成分，其人称、数和性由其所指代的名词或代词决定。 e.g. This is your coat. Mine is in the room. 这是你的外套，我的外衣在房间里。 My pen is broken. Please l

8、end me yours. 我的钢笔坏了，请把你的借给我。 Whose dictionary is it?这是谁的字典？ Its mine. 是我的。 4. 和of连用 An old friend of mine has just had a child. 我的一位老友刚生了孩子。,Yours常写在信末： Yours. Yours sincerely. Yours faithfully. .,反身代词,反身代词,反身代词（reflexive pronoun）是表示“自己；本身；亲自”意义的词。反身代词表示动作的发出者将动作反射到自己身上，即句子的宾语和主语指的是统一对象。如： She saw

9、herself in the mirror.她在镜子里看见了自己。 （试比较：She saw her in the mirror.）,反身代词用于某些固定习语中。 By oneself 独自，单独 He said he wanted to go out to have a walk by himself.他说他想独自出去走走。 2. For oneself 为自己，替自己 Well have to judge for ourselves. 我们得自己来判断。 3. Of oneself 自动地 The enemy will not perish of himself. 敌人不会自行灭绝。 4.

10、 Between ourselves 私下说的话 All this is between ourselves.这些都不能告诉别人。 5. Among yourselves(themselves.) 之间 They had a heated discussion among themselves.他们之间进行了激烈的讨论。 6. In oneself 本性，自身 This novel is a history in itself. 这本小说本身就是一部历史。,相互代词,相互代词只有两个，即：one another, each other。可表示两个人或几个人之间的相互关系。在句中可作 Weve

11、known each other for many years.我们认识许多年了。 They were holding each others hands.他们拉着彼此的手。 有时each other还可分开使用： We each know what the other thinks.我们都知道彼此的想法。 Each tried to do more than the other.他们争着多干活。,指示代词,指示代词,指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词。英语中的指示代词有, 常可用that代表刚说的事，这时常可译作“这”： Thats why I object to the idea. 这就是我

12、反对这个想法的原因。 电话里this和that可指人： Whos that? 你是哪位？This is Mary. 我是玛丽。,That和those的特别用法 1. That可代表前面提到的名词以避免重复： The oil output last year was much higher than that of 1990.去年的石油产量比1990年高得多。 Life today is much better than that in the old days. 如今的生活比过去好多了。 2. Those可代表前面提到的复数名词： His stories are more interestin

13、g than those I told. 他的故事比我讲的有趣。 My questions are similar to those you raised. 我的问题和你提的差不多。 3. That 还有一些固定搭配，如： Like that 这样：Dont hold it like that, youll break it. 不要这样拿，你会把它弄破的。 That is (to say) 这就是说：He is a local administrator, that is to say, a civil servant.他是一名行政人员，也就是说，是一名公务员。 Thats all. 就这些：

14、Just dont do it again, thats all. 只是以后别这样做了，就这些。 Thats it. 说对了： Thats it. Youve described exactly what I felt about the film.说对了，你正好说出了我对这部电影的感受。,疑问代词,疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的，它们一般都在疑问句的句首，并在句子中作某一成分。疑问代词有： who, whom, whose, what, which 1. Who： who的意思是“谁”，是主格，通常作主语，如： Who is that woman?哪个女人是谁？ Who are those

15、people? 那些人是谁？ 2. whom: whom的意思是“谁”，在句中作宾语，常用于书面语中，如： Whom do you want to see?你想见谁？ Whom do you talk about ?你们在谈论谁？,3. Whose可在句中作作如下成分： 主语：Whose is better?谁的更好？ 宾语: Whose are you going to borrow?你打算借谁的？ 表语：Whose are these pencil? 这些铅笔是谁的？ 定语：Whose umbrella is this? 这把伞是谁的？,连接代词,连接代词与疑问代词同形： who, who

16、m, whose, what, which，引导从句。,e.g. I asked him who came into the room.我问他谁到屋里来了。 I asked him whom he saw. 我问他看见谁了。 I cant recall what his name was .我不记得他叫什么名字了。 I wonder whose house that is. 我想知道那是谁的房子。 Let me know which train youll be arriving on. 告诉我你将坐哪趟火车过来。,关系代词型的what What可引导从句，表示“the thing which

17、”,例如： e.g. Thats what I want to know. 这正是我想知道的事。 What you said was quite right.你说的话完全正确。 这种what引导的从句，相当于“一个名词关系从句”： 因此，这种what称为“关系代词型what”，它引导的从句在句中可用作： 1.主语 e.g. What she saw gave her a little fright. 他看到的情况使她有点惊恐。 What you need is a warm sweater.你需要的是一件暖和的毛衣。 2.宾语 e.g. I cannot do what you asked m

18、e to do. 我不能做你要求我做的事。 She began to criticize what he had done. 她开始批评他的所作所为。,3.插入语 e.g. Then I discovered, what was news to me , that his wife was your cousin. 这时我发现了一件新鲜事，他的妻子是你的表妹。 He is an interesting speaker, and, whats more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他讲话风趣，更重要的是，他对所讲的话题了如指掌。 在从句

19、中，what有时作定语： What few friends I have here have been very kind to me.我这里的少数几个朋友对我都很好。 What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom.对这个问题他的寥寥数语中充满了智慧。,由ever构成的连接代词 Who(m)、what、which都可以和ever构成连接代词，可在句中引导状语从句，表示“不管”： e.g. I will find the person who did this, whoever he is. 我将找出干这事儿的人，不管他是谁。 Wha

20、tever happens，Im going. 不管发生什么，我都要走。 2. 这类代词还可引导名词性从句，表示“任何的人（或东西）”，在句中用作： e.g. Whatever I have is at your service.我所有的东西任凭你使用。 They may marry who(m)ever they desire.他们可以娶任何他们想娶的人。 I want to speak to whoever is in charge.我想和随便哪个负责人谈谈。,关系代词,关系代词是用来引导定语从句的，这类代词其三重作用：一是代表前面的名词，二是把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来，三是在从句中担任

21、一个成分。关系代词有如下这些： who whom whose that which 例如：I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说他认识你。 这种代词起着关联作用，把引导的从句和所修饰的词连接起来，因此称作关系代词，它们引导的从句称为关系从句，也称定语从句。,Who, whom 和whose的用法 1.Who代表人，在从句中作主语 The man who robbed her has been arrested. 抢她东西的人被捕了。 2. Whom 也代表人，但在从句中作宾语或介词短语 The man whom I saw told me t

22、o come back today. 我看见的那个人让我今天再来。,紧跟介词时，只能用whom： The man to whom I spoke was a foreigner. 我找他讲话的那个人时外国人。,3. Whose表示“某人的”，有时也可指无生命的东西，在从句中作定语： I know a boy whose father is an acrobat.我认识一个男孩，他的父亲是杂技演员。 He saw a house whose windows were all broken. 他看到一所房子，窗户全破了。,That和which的用法 That可以代表人，也可以代表东西： He th

23、at would eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子就得爬树。 That is the picture that caused such a sensation. 这就是那张引起如此轰动的画。 在从句中作宾语时，that常可省略： This is the best hotel (that) I know. 这是我知道的最好的旅馆。 2. Which只能代表东西或动物，它在从句中可充当： 主语：The dog which was lost has been found. 丢失的狗找到了。 宾语或介词宾语：The car which(that) I hir

24、ed broke down.我租的汽车坏了。 The day on which I saw him was the greatest of my life. 见到他的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。 在作宾语或介词宾语时，which（that）常可省略：That is the houses (which/that) we built.这就是我们盖的房子。 但紧跟介词时，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。 The situation in which he found himself was difficult.他的处境非常艰难。,不定代词,不定代词可分为两类： 由body，one，t

25、hing构成的合成代词： somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anyone , everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing 2.兼作代词和限定词的词： all, another, any , both , each ,either, few, little, many, much, neither, none, other, some.,Some , any 和no的用法 Some和any的用法：some和any都表示“一些”，可以指人或其他可数的东西，也可代表

26、不可数的东西，可用作主语、宾语，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句及否定句： e.g. Some of them can speak Japanese. 他们有些人会说日语。 I dont need any more money I still got some. 我不需要更多的钱了，我还有一些。 Some间或用在疑问句中，这时往往预计有肯定答复： Did some of you sleep on the floor?你们中有些人睡地板上吗？ Can I take some of this paper?我能拿点纸吗？ 2. Some，any，no作定语的用法：some，any，no都可用作定

27、语，some和any表示“一些”，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句及否定句，no表示“没有”，等于not any。这些词可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 e.g. She bought some biscuits. 她买了一些饼干。 There are scarcely any flowers in the garden.花园里几乎没有花。 No man is born wise.聪明非天生。,3. Some， any， no的特别用法： Some可用于请求或反问句中： e.g. Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？ Some有时和单数可数名

28、词连用，表示“某个”（certain） e.g. He had a good position in some shipping firm. 他在一家船运公司有个好职位。,Many, much , few , little 这几个词都是表示数量的，都可用作定语，可构成六个词：,Many用来修饰可数名词,可和too，so等词一起使用： e.g. Do you have many friends?你有很多朋友吗？ He didnt make many mistakes.他出错不多。 Many students supported the plan. 许多学生赞成这项计划。,Much也表示“多”，但

29、只能用来修饰不可数名词，主要用于疑问句和否定句，也可在肯定句中和too，so等词连用，或用在句首： e.g. Do you take much interest in it?你对此兴趣大吗？ We dont have much free time. 我们没多少空余时间。 Youve given me too much food. 你给我的食物太多了。,Few是many的反义词，表示“很少”，用来修饰可数名词： e.g. They exchanged few words.他们没交谈几句。 Few people live to be 100.活到一百岁的人很少。 Little是much的反义词，也

30、表示很少，但只能用来修饰不可数名词，带有否定意味，意思接近于no： e.g. They had little money.他们没几个钱。 There is little hope that she will recover.她痊愈的希望很小。,A few表示“有几个”，修饰可数名词，意思接近于some： e.g. He asked us a few questions.他问了我们几个问题。 This happened a few days ago.这发生于几天前。 A little表示“有一点”，修饰不可数名词，意思也接近于some： e.g. Come in and have a littl

31、e whisky.进来喝点威士忌。 She had a little money, ten pounds or so. 她有一点点钱,十磅左右。,All, each, none,All 可用作定语，修饰可数名词，表示“所有的”；也可修饰不可数名词，表示“一切”，还可与可数名词单数连用，表示“整个”： e.g. All these girls were anaemic（贫血的）.这些姑娘个个都贫血。 He has lost all his money.他的钱全都丢了。 He spent all that year in London. 那一整年他都在伦敦。 All也可用作代词，代表可数的东西或不

32、可数的东西，在句中作主语、宾语等： e.g. All were sharply criticized.所有人都受到了严厉的批评。 Now all was changed.现在一切都变了。 All在句中可用作同位语： e.g. The people at the meeting all voted against it.开会的人都投票反对它。 All后面还可以跟定语修饰它： e.g. All I desired was leisure for study. 我想得到的只是用于学习的空闲时间。,Each可作定语，表示“每一个”： e.g. Each delegation began to stat

33、e its viewpoints.各个代表团开始陈述其观点。 He gave each child a present.他给了每个孩子一份礼物。 Each还可用作主语或宾语： e.g. Each of the houses is painted a different color.每座房子都漆成了不同颜色。 A chrysanthemum was presented to each of the ladies. 送给每位女士一朵菊花。 He gave two bananas to each.她给了每人两个香蕉。 有时还可作主语或宾语的同位语： e.g. They were each sente

34、nced to thirty days.他们各被判处一个月的徒刑。 He gave the children a present each. 他给了每个孩子一份礼物。,None和no都是否定词，no用作定语，none则用作主语、宾语或介词宾语或同位语： e.g. None of us would have said such a thing.我们谁也不会说出这种话。 I like none of these pictures.这些画我都不喜欢。 Some people own several houses, others have none.有些人拥有几处房子，而有些人则一处也没有。 We n

35、one of us live round here.我们谁也不住在附近。,Both, either, neither 这三个词都指两者，both表示“两者都”，either表示“两者中的任何一个”，neither表示“两者都不”： e.g. Both women were French.两个女人都是法国人。 He has two brothers; both live in Seattle. 他有两个兄弟，都住在西雅图。 Either proposal will have my support. 两个建议我都支持。 Neither book is satisfactory.两本书都不满意。,小

36、试牛刀,1. - How many birds can you see in the sky? - _. A. None B. No one C. Not many ones D. No many 2.The stout fellow over there is _ the great magician, Charlie Cheng, himself. A . None other but B. no other than C. none other than D. no one but 3. _ went on a picnic yesterday. A. Tom, John and I B

37、. Tom, John and me C. Tom, I and John D. I ,Tom and John 4. The boy took off his gloves. _ had a hole. A. Every on B. Everyone C. Each one D. Any one 5. _ of them did his best. A. Every one B. Everyone C. Anyone D. Nobody 6. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he fe

38、lt_ lonely. A. nothing but B. anything but C. all but D. everything but,A,C,A,C,A,B,7. Water will continue to be _it is today next in importance to oxygen. A. how B. which C. as D. what 8. _ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by science fiction. A. Everybody B. Anybody C.

39、 Somebody D. Nobody 9. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patents do not take drugs_ directed. like B. so C. which D. as 10. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _ at the other store. A. anyone B. the other C. that

40、 D. the ones 11. Do you like these shoes? No, show me _. another B. some others C. other one D. different ones. 12. _ of them knew about the plan because it was a secret. Some B. Any C. No one D. None 13. Jim behaved so strangely today, I thought he wasnt acting like_. A. Him B. himself C. he would D. he does,D,D,D,D,B,D,B,14. I met Mary in the street _ and she said she would com