模块一 定语从句完整课件.ppt

1、定语从句,1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer. 2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old. 3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me? 4. Where is the boy _ broke the window? 5. Luckily none of the people_ I know were killed in the earthquake.,who/that,which/that,that/which,who/t

2、hat,who/whom,Attributive Clause（定语从句） 概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词 :whowhomthatwhichwhose,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,注意： 1 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要 充当句子成分。 2 当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略，当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。 3 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一

3、致。 4 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。 5 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。,关系词的作用： 1、连接作用 把主句和从句连接起来 2、替代作用 在从句中代替在它前面 的先行词 3、成分作用 在从句中充当一个成分,例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.,that/who,指人: that/who (主语),例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.,(who/whom/that),指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略),例3: Th

4、e car_ is red was damaged yesterday.,that/which,指物: that/which (主语),例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.,(that/which),指物: that/which (宾语,可省略),Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.,which/that,_,Zhang Guorong is a pop star_ died in the fall in March, 2003.,who/that,Beiji

5、ng is the city has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,_,the city/ get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games,which /that,Ye Xin is a nurse died in the fight against SARS.,a nurse/ die in the fight against SARS,who/that,Which woman is a teacher? The woman who lives next door is a teach

6、er.,1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.,The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball.,The boys are from Grade One.,who/that are playing basketball,The boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.,2. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister.,Th

7、e nurse is kind.,who/that looks after my sister,3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao She.,We watched the play “teahouse”,which/that was written by Lao She.,4.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday.,The young man is a famous writer.,whom/who/that

8、you saw yesterday,5.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.,This is the house,which/that Lu Xun once lived in.,6. Where is the girl? You talked with her last Sunday.,Where is the girl,who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday?,关系代词的用法： 一、由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。 who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定

9、语。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which This is the man who helped me. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E,Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang Yu ? Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of w

10、hich is red.,Which house is mine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,My house,I know the doctor. His daughter studies abroad.,I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.,Have you seen my book? The books cover is red.,Have you seen my book whose cover is red.,1. The student _fat

11、her works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms _windows face south. 3.This is the desk _legs were broken.,whose,whose,whose,Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that,B,二、Which引导的定语从句。 which在从句做主语或谓语动词和介词的宾语。 The buildin

12、g which stands near the river is our school. This is the book (which) you want. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.,注意： whom, which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for., which引导的非限制性定语从句。 I have lost my pen, which

13、I like very much. She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. She is always late for class, which makes the teacher angry.,三、由that引导的定语从句。 that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。 A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语) The letter that I received was from my father.（宾语） 但不能

14、放在介词后面作介词的宾语。 This is the school in that you will study. ( ) This is the school in which you will study. () This is the school (which/that) you will study in. (),注意 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day.

15、 Something that we heard was of great truth. 当先行词是all, everybody, nobody, anybody等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主从句。 Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial. Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here., 先行词被序数词、the last或形容词的最高级所修饰。 The first thing that

16、I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read all the books that you gave me., 先行词被the only, the very 修饰。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to ta

17、lk to. 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered., 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。 Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that. Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.,6. 当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况: that, in which 或不填。 I don

18、t like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. /,B,7. 在 Its time 句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。 It is (high / about) time that 主语 + 谓语（should +v ）/ 过去式 It is 序数词 time that 主语 + 谓语 (现在完成时) ( ) It is high time that I _to do t

19、he physics homework. A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone ( ) It is the first time _ he has been here. A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. which,B,A,8one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语 the (only) one of + 复数名词+ who/which/that +单数谓语 She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B

20、. were C. isD. are He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been,B,D,四、as引导的定语从句: as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same as, such as等结构。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you d

21、id. I like the same book as you do., as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country. 常用于这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is

22、known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper,注意：which 和 as 的区别是： which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 没有。 从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，as只可以作宾语，不可以做主语，而which 都可以。,巩固练习： Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. Which B. whatC. whatever D. that

23、2. He told me all _ he knew. whichB. whatC. that D. how 3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. who B. whomC. whatD. which,4. Is the river _ through that town very large? which flowsB. flows C. that flowingD. whose flows 5. The most important thing_ we should

24、pay attention to is the first thing _I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _ A. /, beautifullyB. that ,wonderfully C. which , wellD./, nice,7. The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected. A

25、. when B. that C. whichD. what 8. You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom 9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help. to whom B. whoC. from whomD. that 10. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. whereB.

26、 which C. / D. what,11.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat 12. Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which 13. He isnt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich 14. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Aw

27、hich Bwhich of Cits Dwhose,15.Through practice we can learn a lot _ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned,下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later 2Who is the man who was praised at

28、the meeting？ 3Is this the farm where you visited the other day？ 4Is this factory which you visited last week？ 5I want to buy the same dictionary that you have,_,that,_,that,_,that,_,as,4Is this factory which you visited last week？,This is factory which you visited last week.,This factory is which yo

29、u visited last week.,This is the factory which you visited last week.,Is this the factory which you visited last week?,This factory is the one which you visited last week.,Is this factory the one which you visited last week?,关系副词引导的定语从句：,1、由where引导的定语从句。 定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时,常用where引导。 A book office is

30、 a place where tickets are sold. Where 在从句中做状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in which，所以此句可以改为： A book office is a place in which tickets are sold. 因此定语从句中关系副词where= 介词 +which .,This is the house where he lives.,= This is the house _he lives.,= This is the house _he lives in.,in which,(which/that),2、定语从句在修饰一个表示时

31、间的名词时，常用when 引导。 I still remember the year when we studied together. When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词”,I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.,I still remember the year in which we studied together.,3、由why引导的定语从句。 关系副词why 的先行词只有reason , 在从句中表示原因状语。 Do you know the reason why I le

32、ft early? Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which .,Do you know the reason _I left early?,但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which . The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.,for which,that/which,关系代词和关系副词的选用。,在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。,1.This is the factory which / that produces TV sets. This is the factory where my father once worked. (in which),2.Ill never forget the day that / which we spent together in the countryside. Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into. (on which),3. Is this the reason that / which he told you? Is this the reason why he was late f