八年级英语下册-现在完成时讲解和练习试题-人教新目标版

1、现在完成时练习1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和sin

2、ce等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981。他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I havet seen her for four years。我有四年没见到她了。3结构1） 陈述句结构：主语have( has)（not）+过去分词其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2） 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )主语过去分词其它？3） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has) +主语+ 过去分词其它？eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasnt fin

3、ished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three y

4、ears ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never

5、been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been

6、 there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away get upbe

7、up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We

8、 have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)

9、的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。现在完成时练习1.用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ h

10、e _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. 2.选择填空 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall

11、 before ,_he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, _she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.How long _he_ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy( )4.Mr Gr

12、een isnt in the office , He _to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( )6.They_China for two years (A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come to3.选择填空( )2.Herfathe

13、r _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( )3.I have _this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He _his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from(

14、)5.He _a league member for three years (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( )7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away ( )8. Have you fi

15、nished your homeworkYes, I _it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )9. _you ever _to NanjingYes, I _there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went(C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo, has , been() 10.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _here for two years(A)didmeet, havent seen

16、(B)didmeet, havent seen(C)didmeet, dont see (D)wouldmeet, hadnt seen ( )11He _finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have( )12.Have you _traveled on the train. Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( .)13.Have you finished your homework Not_ .(A)ever (B)already (C)ye

17、t (D)just4.用since和for填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here 1. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in2. The students h

18、ave cleaned the classroom , _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they3. I like Hainan. I _there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long

19、_you_ your dictionary? - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon , comes B. How often,

20、got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句）? 现在完成时与中考题选择填空。 1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhave

21、nt heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have to Dazhu with my friends（重庆市） Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone 3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing（沈阳市） Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5Youve never seen such a wonderful film b

22、efore，_ ？（河北省） Ahavent you Bhave you Cdo you Ddont you 6We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省） Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 7I have watched the game When you _ it？（长沙市） Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 8How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省） Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 9The old people _ l