汽车专业英语.ppt

1、Unit 7 Suspension System,PartI Technical and Practical Reading,Passage A Suspension Components,The components of the suspension system perform six basic functions: 1. Maintain correct vehicle ride height 2. Reduce the effect of shock forces 3. Maintain correct wheel alignment 4. Support vehicle weig

2、ht 5. Keep the tires in contact with the road 6. Control the vehicles direction of travel,So all the suspension components must be in good working condition. There are three fundamental components of any suspension: springs, shock absorber and anti-sway bar. See figure 7-1.,Figure 7-1,Springs,The sp

3、rings are a very important component of the suspension system that provides ride comfort. The springs support the weight of the car, maintain ride height, and absorb road shock. Springs are the compressible link between the frame and the body. When the car meets a bump in the road, the springs will

4、absorb the load by compressing. There are four major spring designs in use today: coil spring, leaf spring, torsion bar, and air spring.,Coil Spring,This is the most common type of spring. The coil spring is a length of round spring steel rod that is wound into a coil. Coil springs compress and expa

5、nd to absorb the motion of the wheels. It requires no adjustment and for the most part is trouble-free. See figure 7-2.,Figure 7-2,Leaf Spring,This type of spring consists of several layers of steel plates (called “leaves”)of different lengths stacked together to act as a single unit. The leaf sprin

6、gs bend and slide on each other allowing suspension movement. They are still used today on most trucks and heavy-duty vehicles. See figure 7-3.,Figure 7-3,Torsion Bar,The torsion bar is a straight or L shaped bar of spring steel. One end of a bar is anchored to the vehicle frame. The other end is at

7、tached to a wishbone. When the wheel hits a bump, vertical motion is transferred to the wishbone and then, through the levering action, to the torsion bar providing spring action. See figure 7-4.,Figure 7-4,Air Spring,The air spring is another type of spring that is becoming more popular on passenge

8、r cars. The air spring is a rubber cylinder filled with compressed air. A piston attached to the lower control arm moves up and down with the lower control arm. This causes the compressed air to provide spring action. See figure 7-5.,Figure 7-5,Shock Absorber,Shock absorber is a device that controls

9、 unwanted spring motion, which is important in keeping the tires in firm contact with the road. Shock absorbers control spring movements in both directions: when the spring is compressed and when it is extended. Without shock absorber, the spring will extend and release the energy which may allow th

10、e tires to lose contact with the road.,A shock absorber is basically an oil pump placed between the frame of the car and the wheels. The upper mount of the shock absorber connects to the frame, while the lower mount connects to the axle, near the wheel. See figure 7-6.,Figure 7-6,When the car wheel

11、meets a bump in the road and causes the spring to coil and uncoil, the energy of the spring is transferred to the shock absorber through the upper mount, down through the piston rod and into the piston.,Orifices perforate the piston and allow fluid to leak through as the piston moves up and down in

12、the pressure tube. Because the orifices are relatively tiny, only a small amount of fluid, under great pressure, passes through. This slows down the piston, which in turn slows down the spring.,Anti-sway Bar,Another important component of a suspension system is the anti-sway bar. This device is used

13、 along with shock absorbers to give a moving car additional stability. The anti-sway bar is simply a metal rod connected to both of the lower control arms. See figure 7-7.,Figure 7-7,When the suspension at one wheel moves up and down the anti-sway bar transfers the movement to the other wheel. This

14、creates a more level ride and reduces vehicle sway. In particular, it combats the roll of a car on its suspension as it corners. For this reason, almost all cars today are fitted with anti-sway bars as standard equipment, although if theyre not, kits make it easy to install the bars at any time.,New

15、 Words,alignment lainmnt n. 调整（成直线） tire tai n. 轮胎 fundamental 7fndmentl a. 基本的，根本的 shock k n. 震动，冲击 compressible kmpresbl a. 可压缩的 link lik n. 联结，构件，链接 frame freim n. 框，结构，车架 bump bmp n. 撞击，隆起物，颠簸而行碰撞 load lud n. 负荷, 载荷，装载量 expand ikspnd v. 使膨胀，扩张 adjustment stmnt n. 调整 trouble-free 5trblfri: 无故障的（不

16、发生事故的）,layer lei n. 层 plate pleit n. 金属板，板材 stack stk v. 堆积，堆叠 bend bend v. 弯曲 anchor k v. 停泊，抛锚，固定 wishbone wibun n. 叉骨，叉形杆，叉形臂，叉形悬臂 extend ikstend v. 扩充，延伸，伸展 bounce bauns n. 跳，反跃，弹力 v. 弹跳，使跳,orifice rifis n. 孔口，节流孔 perforate p:freit v. 穿孔，凿孔，打孔 stability stbiliti n. 稳定性，安定性，稳定度 combat kmbt v. 奋斗

17、sway swei n. 摇，摇摆 kit kit n. 装备，工具箱,Phrases and Expressions,suspension system 悬架系统 ride height 装载高度，悬架装载高度 shock absorber 减震器，减振器，缓冲装置 anti-sway bar 横向推力杆，横向稳定杆，平衡杠 ride comfort 行驶舒适 vertical motion 垂直运动，竖向振动 coil spring 螺旋弹簧 leaf spring 板簧，片簧，钢板弹簧 torsion bar 扭力杆，扭杆弹簧 air spring 气垫，空气弹簧，充气弹簧,lever

18、action 杠杆作用 passenger car 乘用车 upper mount 上悬臂架 lower mount 下悬臂架 lower control arm 下控制臂 pressure tube 高压管，压力管 level ride 平稳行驶 standard equipment 标准设备，标准装备,EXERCISE 1,Mark the following statements with T (True) or F (False) according to the passage.,EXERCISE 2,Translate the following phrases into Chin

19、ese or English. 1. ride height 2. 横向推力杆 3. coil spring 4. 杠杆作用 5. suspension system,6. 下控制臂 7. level ride 8. 扭力杆 9. upper mount 10. 减震器,EXERCISE 3,Fill in the blanks with the suitable words or phrases given below, changing the form where necessary. Orificesspringcoil springleaf springslower mount to

20、rsion baranti-sway barshock absorberair springsuspension system,1. are the compressible link between the frame and the body. 2. The components of the can maintain correct vehicle ride height. 3. The is a length of round spring steel rod that is wound into a coil. 4. The bend and slide on each other

21、allowing suspension movement. 5. The is a straight or L shaped bar of spring steel.,6. The is a rubber cylinder filled with compressed air. 7. is a device that controls unwanted spring motion. 8. The upper mount of the shock absorber connects to the frame, while the connects to the axle, near the wh

22、eel. 9. Because the are relatively tiny, only a small amount of fluid, under great pressure, passes through. 10. The is simply a metal rod connected to both of the lower control arms.,EXERCISE 4,Translate the Chinese parts given in the brackets into English. 1. All the suspension components (必须处于良好的

23、工作状态). 2. The springs are a very important component of the suspension system that _ (提供行使舒适). 3. When the car meets a bump in the road, (弹簧靠压缩来吸收载量). 4. Coil springs compress and expand to (吸收车轮的动力). 5. Shock absorber is important (保持轮胎与地面良好的接触).,Passage B Suspension Types,A car usually has a diffe

24、rent types of suspension on the front and back. One is a non-independent system, the left and right wheels being interlinked; another is an independent system, each wheel on the same axle moving vertically independently of each other. See figure 7-8.,Figure 7-8,1. Live it is independent and most imp

25、ortant; and it has near perfect camber control. For 40 years and even today, this is the first choice for racing cars, sports cars and demanding sedans. See figure 7-12.,Basically, double wishbones suspension always maintains the wheel perpendicular to the road surface, irrespective of the wheels mo

26、vement. This ensures good handling.,4. Multi-link Suspension,Since the late 1980s, multi-link rear suspension is increasingly used in modern sedans and coupes. It is difficult to describe its construction because it is not strictly defined. In theory, any independent suspensions having 3 control arm

27、s or more are multi-link. Different designs may have very different geometry and characteristic, for example, BMWs multi-link looks like a letter “Z”, thus gave its name “Z-axle”.,It is relatively space-engaging but offers very good handling; Honda Accords multi-link is essentially a double wishbone

28、s suspension added with the fifth control arm. Audi A4s Quadralink front suspension has four links. It looks alike double wishbones but eliminates torque steer. See figure 7-13.,5. Torsion Beam Suspension,Most modern mini cars (for instance, VW Golf) employ torsion beam as the rear suspension. Compa

29、re with double wishbones, multi-link suspension engages little width of the car, thus enables greater rear seat room. It is cheaper too. Compare with MacPherson strut, its shock absorber is shorter and can be inclined steeply away from the vertical, thus engages less boot space. See figure 7-14.,In

30、fact, torsion beam suspension is only half-independent there is a torsion beam connecting both wheels together, which allows limited degree of freedom when forced. For some less demanding compact cars, this saves the anti-roll bars. On the contrary, it doesnt provide the same level of ride and handl

31、ing as double wishbones or multi-link suspensions; although in reality it is superior to its only direct competitor, MacPherson strut.,New Words,interlink int(:)lik v. 相互链接 vertically v:tikli ad. 垂直地 rigid ridVid a. 刚性的，不易弯的 enclose inkluz v. 放入封套，括入 unsprung nspr a. 没有安装弹簧的 incorporated ink:preitid

32、 a. 合成一体的 camber kmb n. 弧形，眉形 v. 成弧形，使弯作弧形,perpendicular p:pndikjul a. 垂直的，直立的 irrespective 7irispektiv a. 不顾的，没关系的 increasingly inkri:sili ad. 逐渐地，渐增地 coupe ku:pei n. 小轿车 geometry imitri n. 几何，几何体 eliminate ilimineit v. 除去，排除，剔除 demanding dim:ndi a. 要求高的，苛刻的 superior sju:piri a. 上好的，出众的 competitor

33、kmpetit n. 竞争者，竞争对手,Phrases and Expressions,non-independent system 非独立悬架系统 independent system 独立悬架系统 live axle suspension 活轴悬架 dead axle suspension 定轴悬架 driving axle 驱动桥 unsprung weight 簧下重量，弹簧下重量 MacPherson strut suspension 麦弗逊滑柱式悬架 ball joint 球窝接头，球头节，球形接头，球接头,double wishbones suspension 双横臂悬架 mul

34、ti-link suspension 多连杆式悬架 torque steer 扭力转向 torsion beam suspension 扭矩梁式悬架 perpendicular to 垂直于 irrespective of 不论，不管 superior to 比优越（好），比高级（好）,EXERCISE 5,Abbreviations are very useful in practical work. Do you know the following English abbreviations you often come across in handling automotive mat

35、erials? Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms.,PartII Glance at the Structure of the Automobile,The following is the automobile battery and front frame of an automobile. Sample 1,Sample 2,EXERCISE 6,The following are some Functions on Automobile. After reading them, you

36、are required first to choose the interpretations given in Column C match the Functions given in Column A, and then put the best answer in Column B.,EXERCISE 7,The following are some expressions for the famous brands (England Motors Companies). Match the following brands in Column A with their Chines

37、e equivalents in Column B.,A B,福登（FODEN） 迷你（MINI） 阿斯奎斯（ASQUITH） 罗佛陆虎（ALND ROVER 马柯斯（MARCOS） 拉贡达（LAGONDA） 罗佛（ROVER） 戴姆勒（DAIMLER） 奥斯顿马丁（ASTON MARTIN） 麦克拉（MCLAREN）,.,PartIII Have a Try,Troubleshooting Guide EXERCISE 8 The part is to test your ability to organize the material in logical order. Symptom:

38、Steering seems to be slipping. Description of problem: As you turn the wheel or hold it in a turned position, it feels like its slipping slightly back and forth.,Probable Causes:,Low power steering fluid add fluid as needed. 2. Loose or worn power steering belt tighten or _ (maintain belt, replace belt). 3. Bad power steering pump have it checked for pressure and _ (adjust, replace) if needed.,4. Leaking power steering rack inspect _ (steeri