105 edaw塘沽北塘可持续新城可持续社区开发的ssim应用103页

1、塘沽北塘可持续新城可持续社区开发的SSIM应用Tanggu Beitang Sustainable New TownSSIM Application for Sustainable Community Development主题思想Big Ideas交通的灵活性Flexible transportation network土地的混合开发Mixed uses development生态保育Ecological Preservation 紧 凑 的 城 市 形 态 Compact Urban Form 区域经济的协调Holistic regional economic developmentSSI

2、M第一阶段 Stage ISchemes 规划方案Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Plan ComparisonScheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Sustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonScheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Sustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability Indicato

3、rsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsAccess to Local Services 当地服务设备的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Access to Employment 雇用机会的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Access to Parks and Open Space 公园可公共空间的可达性Scheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Access to Transit 公交的可达性Scheme 1方案

4、1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3Selected Scheme 被选方案Scheme 3 Baseline Scenario方案3基准情景SSIM第二阶段 Stage IISSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑 措施 Residential Buildings - Measures住宅建筑能源Residential Building Energy建筑外壳 Building Shell窗户 Fenestration空调效率 HVAC efficiency热水 Water heating设备 Appliances灯光 Lighting被动式设计

5、Passive design朝向 Bldg orientation楼顶电光板 On-building PV 太阳能热水系统 Solar thermal water heatingResidential Buildings30-Story Residential Bldg w Retail30 层住宅楼加底商15-Story Residential Bldg w Retail15 层住宅楼加底商11-Story Residential Bldg w Retail11 层住宅楼加底商11-Story Residential Bldg w/o Retail11 层住宅楼无底商4-Story Walk

6、-Up4 层住无电梯SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios对以下5种建筑类型进行评估：Five Building types have been assessed:两层商业零售房和28层住宅Two story retail podium with 28 floors of residential apartments两层商业零售房和13层住宅Two story retail podium with 13 floors of residential apartments底层

7、商业零售房和10层住宅Ground floor retail podium with 10 floors of residential apartments11层住宅11 floors of residential apartments4层住宅4 floors of residential apartmentsSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，还有以下途径其次是安装高效设备和控制系统Our approach for achieving

8、 Good, Better, Best standardsSecondly install efficient plant and controlsSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，还有以下途径最后考虑最为经济的适合基地的可再生能源系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsThirdly consider the most cost effective renew

9、able systems that are suitable for the siteSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-措施 Residential Buildings - Measures用于所有建筑的主要措施 Key Measures applied to all buildingsBaseGoodBetterBestStandard30%50%70%建筑组件ConstructionWall U-Value10.50.350.15Windows U-Value4.732.21.7制冷系统Space coolingAC type and fuelDX, El

10、ectricDX, ElectricDX, ElectricWater Loop Heat Pump, Ground SourceAC efficiency COP22.535.5供热系统Heating and DHWHeating system efficiency0.80.850.90.9可再生能源RenewablesSolar hot water installedNNYYGround source heat pumpNNNYBiomass installedNNNY地区供热 District Heating供热系统 Heating system“优良”和“最优”情景使用太阳能热水供应部

11、分热水需求Better and Bestcases use solar hot water“最优”情景使用20%的生物质锅炉 Best case uses a 20% contribution from a biomass boiler太阳能热水和生物质通过中央集管连接到供热网络Solar hot water and biomass connected to network via central header地区供冷 District Cooling中央水环热泵 Central water-loop heat pump“最优”情景使用地热环路供冷系统 Best case uses a gro

12、und source loop cooling system连接至中央冷凝环路的独立水冷热泵可在住宅和商业单元之间进行高效的能源交换 Individual local water cooled heat pump connected to the central condensing loop where energy can be effectively exchanged between the Residential and the Commercial units.系统将混合利用的效益发挥至极致，并减少了对地热的依赖The system maximises the benefit of

13、 mixed use development and minimise the reliance on ground sourceSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary能耗削减量 Energy reductions achieved每年能耗节省占基准情景比例SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Build

14、ings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary“佳”标准通过改善建筑本身而

15、达到，例如使用高性能建筑外墙“优良”标准通过进一步改善建筑外墙和系统效率，并且安装太阳能热水系统而实现为了达到“最优”标准，减低电力消耗成为关键，因为此时总体能源消耗通过建筑本身的改善已经是有限的电力需求通过改善风机、供冷系统、照明系统的效率实现地源热泵系统被用于“最优情景”以削减供冷的电力消耗“Good” standard have been cost effectively archived by improving the building itself, such as using high performance building envelope“Better” standard

16、have been achieved by further improving building envelope and system efficiency with the installation of the Solar Hot water systemIn order to reach “Best” standard, addressing the electricity consumption becomes the key, as the contribution of fabric improvements to the overall energy usage of the

17、buildings is limited.Reducing electricity demand has been achieved by improving efficiency of fans, cooling delivery, lighting systems and other small power.Ground source heat pump system is used in the “Best case” in order to reduce cooling electricity consumption.Energy Saving on Base CaseSSIM能源模型

18、 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary成本与能耗削减比较 Cost vs. Energy Reductions增加PV电池Add PV cells90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%不同情景的能源节省Energy Savings over Base基准情景佳情景优良情景最优情景与基准情景相比的成本增加量Cost increase on Base CaseBase CaseGood CaseBetter CaseBest CaseSSI

19、M能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings - Summary回收期 Payback time7,000Capital cost over baseline (1,000 RMB)超过基准情景的成本6,000（千元）60% - 80%energy40% - 60%energy5,0004,00020% - 40%energy3,0002,000* Payback time increases dramatically when PV is included1,000Time02 - 44 - 66 - 50 years*Goo

20、d - Capital CostBetter - Capital CostGood - Energy Savings paybackBest - Capital CostBetter - Energy Savings paybackBest - Energy Savings paybackSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，采用以下途径首先考虑的方法是让建筑更有效能建筑外墙/高性能幕墙系统采用遮阳板减少制冷负荷Our approach

21、for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsFirst consider measures to make the building work harderBuilding envelope / airtightnessSolar shading to reduce cooling loadSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios基准情景的建筑基于ASHRAE 90.1标准（美国）佳、优良和最优情景评价了能源使用、碳排放和回

22、收期根据当地情况修正的成本数据被用来与“基准”情景的回收期进行比较Baseline building based on ASHRAE 90.1 standards (USA)Good, Better and Best ScenariosEnergy use, carbon emissions and payback periods assessedLocally calibrated cost data has been used to provide information on payback periodscompared to the “baseline” scenario.SSIM能

23、源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios四类建筑类型被评价：Four Building types have been assessed:底层零售商业和29层商业办公空间Ground floor retail podium with 29 floors of commercial office space底层零售商业和19层商业办公空间Ground floor retail podium with 19 floors of commercial office space带4

24、层商业办公空间的低层办公楼底层Low rise office development with 4 floors of commercial office space4层零售中心，包括前庭和33000平方米的零售空间4 storey retail centre with central atrium and 33,000sq m of retail spaceCommercial Buildings30-Story Office w Retail30 写字楼加底商4-Story Retail Center4 层购物中心3-Story Retail/Civic3 层商业或政府楼20-Story

25、Office w Retail20 写字楼加底商2-Story Civic/Comm Facilities2 层政府和社区公用楼SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段首先让建筑工作更为高效遮阳/高性能幕墙系统建筑外墙/渗风性Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsFirst consider measures to make the building work ha

26、rderSolar shading / high performance faade systemBuilding envelope / airtightnessSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段其次，安装高效设备和控制系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardsSecondly install efficient plant and controlsSSIM能

27、源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段最后考虑最为经济的适合基地的可再生能源系统Our approach for achieving Good, Better, Best standardThirdly consider the most cost effective renewable systems that are suitable for the siteSSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy主要措施结论 Concl

28、usions of Key Measures基准Baseline佳Good优良Better最优Best主要可持续措施（增加的变化）Main sustainable components(incrementalchanges)典型的主流建设标准Typical mainstream specification constructionstandard 遮阳 照明控制 高效设备Solar shadingLighting controlHigh efficiency plant 遮阳 照明控制 高效设备 地源热泵Solar shading Lighting control High efficienc

29、y plantGSHP 遮阳 高效照明设备 照明控制 地源热泵 太阳能热水 光伏电池板占屋顶面积的75%Solar ShadingHigh efficiencylighting fittingsLighting control GSHPSolar Hot WaterPV covering 75% roof area能耗削减比例% Energy use improvement-28.2%50.9%59.6%CO2削减比例% CO2 improvement-31.7%78.8%88.0%SSIM 能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential

30、 Buildings Results Summary“佳”标准通过改善建筑本身而达到，例如使用高性能建筑外墙非住宅建筑具有很高的照明负荷。因此，照明控制和高效灯具的使用能够大幅的降低电力负荷“优良”标准可通过安装地源热泵实现，可以刚好满足每年的供热供冷负荷需求除以上措施外，“最优”情景通过太阳能热水系统或者屋顶光伏电池板来进一步补充“Good” standard have been cost effectively archived by improving the building itself, such as using high performance building envelop

31、eCommercial development has very high lighting load. Therefore, lighting control (e.g. daylight dimming) and the use of high efficiency fittings can reduces electrical load substantially“Better” standard can be achieved by installing Ground source heat pumps (GSHP), given the annual heating and cool

32、ing load demand being perfectly matchedIn addition to the above measures, “Best” case has further been supplemented by installing either solar thermal or PV on the roof.SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary冷热电联供的可行性也进行了分析结论是对于商业应用，该系统比地源热泵效率要低Further analy

33、sis has also been carried out on the feasibility of District heating and cooling using Combined Cooling and Heating Power (CCHP plant).It was found this is less effective than Ground Source Heat Pump system for the commercial types.SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Re

34、sults SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-

35、Residential Buildings Results SummarySSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios基准情景的建筑基于适合于中国住宅市场的典型规范标准利用“三步法”原理，佳、优良和最优情景这三个情景逐渐得到改善Baseline building based on typical specification standards for the Chinese residential marketGood, Better and Best Scenarios ha

36、ve been generated through incremental improvements using the philosophy of “the three steps”.SSIM - Water SSIM - 水SSIM Water 水Environment+Climate环境与气候Strategies策略 Low Demand Landscaping 低水耗景观Intelligent Irrigation 精明灌溉High Efficiency Fixtures高 效 器 具 Reuse Rainwater 雨 水 回 用 Reuse Greywater 灰水回用Reuse

37、Blackwater黑水回用Use TSE处理的污水使用Detain, Retain, Treat Stormwater阻滞、滞留、处理雨水Precipitation 降雨Temperature 气温Evapotranspir ation蒸发Soil (clay, sand)土壤（泥土，砂土）Residential 居住用地Commercial 商业用地Open Space 开放空间Common Areas一般区域Roadways 道路Save Water节水Harvest Water 收 集 水 Lessen Impact减少影响Sustainability 可持续性Limit on Tot

38、al Water Use限制总用水量Water Law 水法WastewaterDischarge污水排放Stormwater Mitigation 暴雨削减Goals目标Requirements必备条件Land UseProgram土地使用方案SSIM - Water 水开发前的状况 Predevelopment Condition降雨Rainfall径流 Runoff入渗 InfiltrationSSIM Water 水开发后的状况 Predevelopment Condition降雨 Rainfall径流增加Increased Runoff饮用水Potable Water雨水污染Poll

39、utants in Stormwater污水Sewage入渗减少Decreased InfiltrationHeat!SSIM Water 水基准情景 Baseline ScenarioSSIM Water 水基准情景 Baseline ScenarioDomestic Water Supply生活用水供应Municipal Sewage Treatment市政污水处理Domestic water for potable and irrigation supply生活用水用于饮用和灌溉SSIM Water 水佳情景 GoodSSIM Water 水佳情景 Good ScenarioMunici

40、pal water supply市政供水Municipal sewage treatment市政污水处理More efficient indoor fixtures高效室内器具Domestic water for potable and irrigation supply生活用水用于饮用和灌溉Grey Water Collection and Treatment in Wetlands灰水收集和通过湿地处理Return Treated Water for Toilet Flushing处理后的水回用于冲厕Result: 80% Reduced volume of treated sewage结

41、论：下水处理需求降低80%SSIM Water 水优良情景 Better ScenarioSSIM Water 水优良情景 Better ScenarioRoof top rainfall harvesting 屋顶雨水收集Grey water collection 灰水收集Most efficient indoor fixtures 最高效的室内器具Treatment wetlands 人工处理湿地Return treated water for toilet flushing 处理后的水回用冲厕Stormwater collection, treatment and storage 雨水收

42、集、处理和储存More water for irrigation 更多用于灌溉Result: 88% Reduced volume of treated sewage结论：下水处理需求降低88%Result: 45% Reduced potable water for irrigation结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低45%SSIM Water 水最优情景 Best ScenarioSSIM Water 水最优情景 Best ScenarioMunicipal water supply for indoor water use only 市政供水仅用于室内用水Grey water harvest

43、ing to building cisterns 灰水收集至建筑蓄水池Rainfall harvesting to building cisterns 雨水收集至建筑蓄水池Toilet flushing from building cistern 蓄水池用于冲厕Stormwater to treatment wetlands 雨水收集至人工湿地On-site sewage treatment, discharge to wetlands 基地内部污水处理，并排放至湿地Irrigation from polished sewage effluent 净化后的污水用于灌溉Result: No po

44、table water for irrigation结论：无饮用水用于灌溉Result:67% Reduction in potable water 结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低67% Result:No discharge of water from site结论：项目无对外排水需求SSIM Water 水水和废水政府共用灰水废水雨水SSIM Water 水水系统成本用户子开发商总开发商SSIM Water 水基地内WWTP On-site WWTP处理湿地 Treatment wetland建筑雨水和中水 Building rainwater and greywater道路雨水 Road

45、rainwater回用 RecycleSSIM Water 水总体水资源管理Overall Water ManagementEstablish goals realistic, but aggressive设立目标-切实但积极Develop strategies 开发策略Cost/benefit account for synergies费用效益比-考虑综合效益Define responsibilities for implementation为实施确定责任Measure and monitor results测量和监测结果Adaptive management适应性管理可持续发展整合模型 S

46、SIM Modeling公共空间能源 Public Realm Energy街道照明 Street Lighting装置间距和英尺烛光 Fixture spacing and foot candles黑夜概念 Dark sky concepts LED选择 LED options出行需求管理 Travel demand management (TDM)停车场/工业区 Parking Lots / Industrial Areas英尺烛光要求 Foot candle requirements LED选择 LED options感光和暗室照明Photopic vs. Scotopic Lights

47、 太阳能/风能照明选择 Solar / wind Lighting Options开放空间和公园 Open Space and Parks照明水平 Lighting levels建筑上PV 应用 PV on structures可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling Water生活用水削减成果展示 Domestic Water Reduction ResultsSSIM 能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy替代能源-措施Alternative Energy - Measures塘沽区平均风速为4.5米/秒Tanggu District Average Wind Speed

48、 is 4.5 m/s对于大型风电场，最低风速要求为6米/秒For large wind farms, a minimum of 6m/s is preferred大型风电场不可行Large scale wind farms not feasible温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIMand Transportation温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIMand Transportation目标Goals削减出行需求 Reduce the need for travel 鼓励高效出行模式 P

49、romote efficient travel modes温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIMand Transportation交通原则吸引人的社区空间步行和自行车网络5”D”措施高质量公交出行时间Transportation PrinciplesAttractive community spaces Pedestrian and bicycle networks 5 D measuresHigh quality public transport Travel times温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSI

50、M和交通 SSIMand TransportationDensity 密度Residents, Jobs per Area 居住人口，单位面积的工作数与典型的扩张情形相比， 利用4D或5D措施可以将机动车行驶里程减少40% Using 4D/5D measurescan reduce VKT up to 40% from typical sprawl conditionsHigher Density = Lower VKT 高密度=低机动车行驶里程Diversity 多样性Balanced, Mix of Uses 平衡的用地混合Greater Mix of uses = Lower VKT

51、混合度高=低机动车行驶里程Design 规划设计Street Connectivity, Walkability 街道连接及步行性- 清凉增长：城市开发和气候变化的证据- Growing Cooler: The evidence on urban development and climate changePedestrian Oriented Design = Lower VKT 步行导向设计=低机动车行驶里程Destination Accessibility 目的地可达性Jobs & attractions easily reachable 容易到达工作场所和其他目的地Center City = Lower VKT 中心城市=低机动车行驶里程Distance to Transit 距公共交通的距离Rail or Bus Station proximity from work/home 距离工作和居住较紧的轻轨和公交站Access to Public Transit = Lower VKT 公共交通接口=低机动车行驶里程温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIMand Transportation方案 1 公