2010-11公选1Unit1翻译的定义

1、Chapter One,A General Introduction to Translation,Unit One Definitions of Translation,Question: What meanings are implied in the word “translation”?,The answer to “what is translation?” depends on how we interpret the word “translation”, for the very word “translation” itself is ambiguous, and the C

2、hinese equivalent “翻译” sounds even fuzzier. 翻译 may either stand for a subject of the curriculum, a job people engage in, a piece of literary work, or the translating or interpreting work itself. Sometimes, “翻译” may even refer to the translator or interpreter himself/ herself.,There are three disting

3、uishable meanings for the term “translation”. It can refer to: 1. translating: the process (to translate; the activity rather than the tangible object ); 2. a translation: the product of the process of translating (i.e. the translated text); 3. translation: the abstract concept which encompasses bot

4、h the process of translating and the product of that process. (Bell, Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice: 13),有关翻译和翻译者的比喻：,1. 世界上全部交际来往中最重要、最高贵的事业之一。（歌德） 2. 意大利谚语：Traduttore, traditore. 翻译即叛逆。 3. 翻译犹如女人，漂亮便不忠实，忠实便不漂亮。 4. 理想的译者应成为一块玻璃，透明得让读者感觉不到他的存在。（果戈理） 5. 把翻译看作是”译者摆布文本的一个过程。（Susan Bas

5、snett）,6. 翻译更像是把灵魂从一个人的身上取下来置入另一个人的身上去。（美国的一位翻译家） 7. 翻译如婚姻，是一种两相妥协的艺术。（余光中）,8.翻译的过程即是原作失去童贞的过程，翻译是对原作的粗暴侵犯。 （西方著名翻译理论家、哲学家德里达） 9. 人类精神的传递者（A courier of the human spirits） （普希金）,10. 翻译者“像一位雕塑家用雕塑再现油画作品的形象”（A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting）. 11. 翻译家是“珍宝的发现者”（a discoverer of valuable

6、 treasures）或是“掘金者”（a digger for gold）,12. 翻译家应被看作是忙碌的媒人。他对一位还半遮着面的美人大加赞赏，说她真值得我们倾心。媒人就这样激起了我们对美人的爱慕，一定要对她本来的长相看个究竟。（歌德）,14. 把一个酒瓶里的酒倒到另一个酒瓶里去（pouring wine from one bottle into another）. (西方的翻译家) 15. Traduttori-traditori （Translators are traitors） 16. A straitjacketed dancer,Questions:,How Translatio

7、n Came into Being? How comes that there are so many languages in the world?,The Story of Babel巴别塔的故事,那时，诺亚的后代都使用同一种语言。他们从东边迁移并定居在一个叫做希纳尔的地方。他们发明了制造砖的方法，用石漆做灰泥，建造起一座繁华的城市。为了传诵他们的赫赫威名，他们决定建造一座通天的高塔，这座塔还能召集人类以免分散。通天塔越建越高，但是上帝是不允许凡人达到自己的高度的，人类使用同样的语言、同心协力，以后就没有什么做不到的事情。为了阻止人类接近自己，上帝变乱了人们的语言。于是，世界各国语言纷繁错

8、杂，人们的情感无法交流、思想无法统一。为了解决由于语言障碍而产生的交流困难，不同语言间的翻译便应运而生，也就增加了一种职业，那就是翻译。,(The following is the tale of the Tower of Babel from Bible:) Now the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated eastward, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to

9、one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly” And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar.,Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the

10、 face of the whole earth. ”,The Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the Lord said: “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them

11、. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one anothers speech.”,So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore it was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the langua

12、ge of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth. (Holy Bible , Genesis 11) ,Question: What does the story tell us?,Importance of Translation,1. Learning a foreign language is not easy but it is worthwhile. It makes you able to read foreign scientific

13、 and technical literature, and that might be useful. It makes you able to read some of the worlds best writers in their own language, and this is a great pleasure. But the most important thing is that it gives you a better understanding of your own language.,2. Translation is a means of cross-lingui

14、stic, cross-cultural communication, a technique for improving language acquisition; an instrument for transmitting culture encouraging social development.,3. Translation keeps duty informed of the international situation; 4. Translation enhances our competitive power in the international market; Tra

15、nslation serves as instrument of propagating traditional culture;,5. Translation is for interlingual communication, bridges the gulf between different-tongue speakers, and reproduces and spreads the message in the original language. 6. Translation permits knowledge to be transmitted to different cor

16、ners of the world and to succeeding generations.,7. Translation gives information, reveals feelings, and affects peoples thought or behavior. Through translation, we can draw on the advanced experience and achievement in the field of science and technology of foreign countries.,8. A proper translati

17、on helps to promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion. Without translation, the worldwide civilization would not be possible.,Definitions of Translation,1.

18、Translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. 2. Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. -Columbia Encyclopedia,3. Translation may be defined as the repla

19、cement of textual material in one language （SL）by equivalent textual material in another language（TL）. J. C. Catford 4. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Nida 既是一种艺术，当然也是一门科学。,翻译是一种跨文化交际活动。语言与文化的密切关系注定了翻译与文化的密切关系。翻译是把一种语言转换成另一种语言。不言而喻，两种语言转换的过程中必然涉