美国文化 UNIT6.ppt

1、Religion in the United States,Religion in the United States,UNIT 6,Religion in the United States,Religious liberty 宗教自由 Protestants in the United States 在美国的新教徒 Catholics 天主教徒 Three faiths 三大宗教信仰 Protestants 新教 Catholics 天主教 Jews 犹太教 Religious Diversity 宗教的多元化 American characteristics of Religion 美国

2、的宗教特点,American history and Religious Liberty,The US Constitution and religion,Religious liberty,American history and religious liberty,From Unit3, we came to know that American mainstream culture was developed from what is known as “WASP” culture and that people who settled in the 13 North American

3、colonies that would become the United States were mostly Protestant believers.,“WASP” culture,“WASP”, which stands for “White Anglo-Saxon Protestants”, is believed to be the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States. 盎格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化被认为是美国主流文化的基础。,Early American religions,Lutherans from Germa

4、ny 路德派教徒 The Dutch Reformed Church flourished in New York and New Jersey 在纽约及新泽西洲兴旺的荷兰改革派教徒 Presbyterians came from Scotland 长老会教徒 Huguenots from France 胡格诺派教徒 Congregationalists 公理会教友 Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in rel

5、ative harmony. 英国国教虽然在几个殖民地是官立教会，但新教各派都能和平相处。,The Great Awakening,The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestants religious groups, or denominations. 18世纪40年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注入北美各殖民地人民的宗教信仰

6、中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了新教各派的界限。,The US Constitution and religion,The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. The government supports all religions. The United S

7、tates have no state-supported religion. In this way, diversity of religious belief political injustice or disaffection. American courts have become more sensitive in recent years to the rights of people who do not believe in any God or religion. Protestant religion and republican forms of government

8、, they felt, went hand in hand (agreeable).,The Protestants in the US,Main denominations of the protestant church 新教的主要教派 the Baptists white and black 浸礼教派 the Methodists 卫理公派教徒 Diversity of protestants 新教派别 Other small denominations 小教派,Today, the majority of Americans belong to the Protestant chur

9、ch.,Protestant Church,Over 60% of American are said to be Protestant believers. The Baptists are the largest Protestant group,The Protestants in the US,Religion in the United States,Religion in the United States,Baptist,Biblical authority Autonomy of the local church Priesthood of the believer Two o

10、rdinances (Believers Baptism and Communion) Individual soul liberty Separation of Church and State Two offices of the church (Pastor and Deacon),Baptist,B A P T I S T,Next to the Baptists, the most numerous Protestant are the Methodists, adherents of the group which grew up in 18th century England f

11、ollowing the lead of John Wesley.,There are more than 100 other Protestant sects, many of them hardly known to anyone except their own members, but with a combined membership of more than 20 million. They express variety, rather than doctrinal schism.,Different Protestant groups in the US,Although t

12、he largest church is of the Protestant faith, the largest single religious group is that of Roman Catholics.,Catholic Church,Catholics,More than one quarter of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith,Catholic Church,The majority of the Catholics are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,

13、Italy and Poland.,In American history, the Catholics were discriminated against. Anti-Catholic prejudice was so strong that, on a few occasions, it broke out in mob violence.,More often prejudice took the from of discrimination, particularly at the pools. By 1960,however,John F. Kennedys presidentia

14、l election victory put to rest the catholic religion as an issue in national politics. Kennedy was Roman Catholic.,As Catholics grew more confident about their place in American life, they began to challenge, not the basic idea of separation of Church and State, but the way American courts interpret

15、ed it. The costs of modern education had made their schools very expensive to maintain. Catholics began to seek some way in which they could obtain public funds to help meet these expenses.,The lawmaking bodies of many states were sympathetic to these demands. But most attempts to provide help for r

16、eligious schools were ruled unconstitutional (declared to violate the Constitution) by the Supreme Court of the United States.,Like Catholics, Jews were a small minority in the first years of the American republic. Until the late 19th century, most Jews in America were of German origin.,Shield of Da

17、vid,Menorah,Three Faiths,The condition of Jewish posterity -Usually, Jewish children attended public school. -The children of the immigrants moved rapidly into professions and into American universities, where many became intellectual leaders. -Many remained religiously observant.,But when Jews bega

18、n coming to America in great numbers, anti-Semitism appeared.,American Jews,Mel Brooks 梅尔布鲁克斯 Norman Mailer 诺曼梅勒 Ben Bernanke 本伯南克 Barbra Streisand 芭芭拉史翠珊 Isaac Asimov 艾萨克阿西莫夫 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦 Louis Brandeis 路易斯布兰代斯 Betty Friedan 贝蒂弗里丹 Sammy Davis. Jr. 山米戴维斯 Hank Greenberg 汉克格林伯格 Rahm Emanuel 拉姆

19、伊曼纽尔 Steven Spielberg 斯蒂芬斯皮尔伯格,Many remained religiously observant. Others, while they continued to think of themselves as ethnically Jweish, adopted a secular, nonreligious outlook.,When faced with prejudice and discrimination, Jews responded by forming organizations to combat prejudice.,By the 195

20、0s,a kind of “three faiths” model of the United States had developed. American were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. the order reflecting the strength in numbers of each group. But an increasing number of Americans did not fit into any of these categories

21、.,Protestant,Catholic,Jewish,Religion in the United States,Three Faiths,Religious Diversity,experimental tradition small sects and cults social disputes pastors,The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to s

22、et up a new church or found a new community.,Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America.,Small sects and “cults” do have certain tendencies in common. Often they regard the society as hopelessly corrupt.

23、,But other questions reflect continuing conflicts in American life.,Other world religious are increasing their numbers and influence in America. Over 2 million members of the Jslamic religion live in America. Buddhism is a growing faith in America.,How do Americans of so many different religions man

24、age to live together under common laws and pursue common goals?,American Character of Religion,Some phenomena in American religion are uniquely American. Different religions live together. Strong religious beliefs Independence of churches,First of all, Americans with different religions live together under the same law. The Bill of Rights in the US Constitution insists that there should be no state religion.,Secondly, the religious beliefs of A