英汉翻译 The Nature of Translation.ppt

1、2020/10/14,1,Chapter 1The Nature of Translation,What is Translation? Translation means “to give the meaning of something said or written in another language (Oxford Learners Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation),2020/10/14,2,Key words:,source language (SL) / receptor language / tar

2、get language (TL); reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence,2020/10/14,3,1. The Definition of Translation,Translation is an art/operation/ interlingual communication or a science/skill/craft/skill.,2020/10/14,4,五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。达其志，通其欲，东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄，北方曰译。 礼记王制 译即易，亦即换易语言使相解也。,20

3、20/10/14,5,翻译就是把已说出的或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。 中国大百科全书语言文字,2020/10/14,6,Translating consists in reproducing the closest natural equivalent of the source language message in the target language, firstly in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. Eugene A. Nida,2020/10/14,7,The Schools of Transl

4、ation Studies,the school of science :Eugene Nida the school of art: Lin Yutang,2020/10/14,8,1) My holiday afternoons were spent in ramble about the surrounding country. (Washington Irving) 每逢假日的下午, 我总要漫游周围的乡村。 2）The sight of his native town called back his childhood. 一见到故乡，他就回忆起自己的童年。,2020/10/14,9,T

5、ranslation as a science,First, the translating process is rule-governed. It involves thinking and languages, and reflects the relationship between existence and cognition. Such relationship can be described with the rule-governed language, so that the translator can abide by scientific rules in his

6、translation.,2020/10/14,10,Second, as a discipline, translatology has developed its own translating techniques, strategies and principles. Ever since the mid of the 20th century, scholars have been studying this discipline from linguistic theories.,2020/10/14,11,Machine translation,My love is like a

7、 red, red rose 我的爱是红的红的罗斯,2020/10/14,12,欢迎光临台州太阳风翻译社旗下中国在线翻译网，我们为您提供中国最庞大的翻译辞典。 Welcome to Taizhou, China, the solar winds online translation translation agency network, we provide you with the most massive translation dictionary.,2020/10/14,13,翻译于用之外，还有美一方面须兼顾的，理想的翻译家应将其当作一种艺术，以爱艺术之心爱它，以对艺术谨慎不苟之心对它

8、，使翻译成为美术之一种。,2020/10/14,14,Translation as an art,To say translation is an art is mainly out of the consideration of the materials to be translated mainly refers to literary translation. In most practical writings, the leading function of language is informative function.,2020/10/14,15,But in literar

9、y works, it is true that informative function is also important, but other functions (such as expressive function and aesthetic function) of the language are by no means less important, the translator should try to comprehend the source text, including the meaning, artistic charm, style and the auth

10、ors intention.,2020/10/14,16,When reproducing the source text, the translator needs to bridge the linguistic and cultural gaps and adopt some unique ways to reproduce the original meaning, artistic charm and style, and his translation should have the same expressive and aesthetic functions as those

11、of the source text. Therefore, translation is an art.,2020/10/14,17,I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her names Emily, and she lives in the East. 我爱我的爱人为了一个E, 因为她是En

12、ticing(迷人的); 我恨我的爱人为了一个E, 因为她是Engaged(订了婚的).我用我的爱人象征Exquisite(美妙),我劝我的爱人 从事Elopement(私奔),她的名字是 Emily(爱弥丽),她的住处在East(东 方) (董秋斯 译),2020/10/14,18,吾爱吾爱,因伊可爱; 吾恨吾爱,因伊另有所爱。 吾视吾爱,神圣之爱, 吾携吾爱,私逃为爱; 吾爱名爱米丽,吾东方之爱。 (姜秋霞,张柏然 译),2020/10/14,19,一朝春尽红颜老，花落人忘两不知。 -红楼梦 1. One day when spring has departed and beauty ha

13、s fled,No one will know the the flowers have fallen and the maid is dead. 2. The day that spring takes wing and beauty fades, Who will care for the fallen blossom or dead maid?,2020/10/14,20,3. What difficulties might occur in translating process?,A. Language / Cultural Barriers Translatability is l

14、ower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the two cultures. Betrayal: Loss / Distortion,2020/10/14,21,He made you a highway to my bed; But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. Romeo and Juliet 译文1：他要借

15、你做牵引相思的桥梁,可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。 译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床；可怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。,2020/10/14,22,In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability into translatability. e.g. crocodiles tears; science / democracy,2020/10/14,23,翻译之难： “一名之得， 旬月踌躇” 严复,2020/10/14,24,It often takes as

16、long as ten days or even a whole month to establish a term in translation after repeated meditation and hesitation,2020/10/14,25,The following is a quotation from Lu Xun: 人们常以神话中的Prometheus比革命者，以为窃火给人，虽遭天帝之虐待不悔，其博大坚韧正相同。但我从天国窃得火来，本意却在煮自己的肉的，以为倘能味道较好，庶几在咬嚼者那一面也得到较多的好处，我也不枉费了自己的身躯。然而，我也愿意于社会上有些用处，看客所见

17、的仍是火和光。,2020/10/14,26,学译: People usually compare the revolutionary people to Prometheus as they all dare to sacrifice themselves to bring happiness to people. Not regreting of being punished by God, they are of the equal universal fraternity and toughness. But when I found the way to happiness, I in

18、tended tosacrifice myself to benefit people and I thought they would appreciate, even those who are hypercritical. If so, my effort and my life would be worthwhile. I hope I could make a little countribution to our society, but in the eyes of stander-bys, its just a waste of time.,2020/10/14,27,学译:

19、People often regarded Promeheus who was ill-treated by God because of stealing fire for people as a revolutionist. But he didnt regret what he did which showed his breadth and persistence. He intended to boil himself with the fire that he stole from the paradise. If it tasted well and people could b

20、enefit from it, then what he did was of no avail. However, I also would like to make contribution to the society, and what people see are still fire and light.,2020/10/14,28,学译: People often compare the revolutionary to mythical Prometheus for both of them are selfless and fortitudinous，thinking tha

21、t although maltreated by God ，he didnt regret stealing the fire for people。However，I was intended to cook myself when stealing the fire from Heaven。 If it tastes nice and people who crunch it can benefit much。I wont disappoint my body 。Nevertheless，I am still willing tobe useful to the society and w

22、hat people see is stillfire and light。,2020/10/14,29,学译: People always assimilate Prome theus in fable to revolutionary. Though he was chastised by the God as he stolen fire for human being, he never regret. His philanthropism and tenacity just as mine. But I learnt foreign culture and translated th

23、eir literature with much ado just like stole fire from Heaven to steam my body. I think if readers can read my work and benefit from it just as taste my body and absorb nutrition from it, I will feel very worth of scarifying my time, energy even my body. I hope I can make contribution to the society

24、 the tasters can see fire and light from my body, the readers can see rosiness and hope from my work!,2020/10/14,30,陈成: People hold a common belief that revolutionary shares the great and dauntless characteristics with Prometheus who never regret having been punished by the king of gods for bringing

25、 the red flower of fire down to earth secretly. But the difference is that my true intent to steal the fire from the kingdom of heaven is to cook myself, deeming it would taste well and gain some praises from the tastors. If it did so, my body would not be devoted in vain. On theother hand, Im willi

26、ng to be a useful man to the society, but what the spectators could see is only fire and light.,2020/10/14,31,李贤军: People often consider Prometheus who is a person in mythology as a revolutionist. Because he thought that he wouldnt regret of being maltreated by God for stealing the fire and giving i

27、t to the people. His broad is the same as his firm and tenacity. But I had intended to steal the fire from the paradise to cook my meat, believing that it may be delicious. Almostly, it benefits a lot in the chewer side, and I havent wasted my body. However, I also like to do something helpful to the society, and audience still just see the li