高考英语写作.ppt

1、,高考书面表达,高考16年来英语书面表达题 年 代 形 式 内 容 1996 根据表格写简历 介绍自己，申请工作 1997 看图写话 描述一件交通违章事件 1998 看图写话 某中学参观农场 1999 看图写信 用两幅不同的画介绍学校变化 2000春 书面通知 以组织者身份通知音乐周活动 2000夏 看图写话 报道一起交通事故 2001 根据表格写回信 有关减负前后的变化 2002 根据表格给报社写信 讨论公园是否收门票 2003 看图写回信 介绍为其所租的房子,高考16年来英语书面表达题 年 代 形 式 内 容 2004 给美国朋友写信 告知电视台举办才艺大赛 2005 根据网上的一则旅游广

2、告，写电子邮件询问旅游事宜 2006 根据两幅图的描绘，给英国朋友写信，介绍你校图书馆 2007 给外籍教师写信寻求笔友，内容是描述理想中的笔友 2008 给美国圣地哥动物园工作人员写信，询问大熊猫苏琳和 她母亲白 云的情况 2009 回美国朋友的一封信，介绍改建后前门大街的情况 2010 给某大学外籍教师写信，聘请她做英语演讲比赛的评委,16年高考书面表达题四大特征 以记叙文、应用文为主，形式为写信 看图7次，表格3次，写信11 次 以第1人称为主，每篇10句左右 以国内生活、主要以学校生活为背景体现交际性,书面表达题的高分特征 书写规范 要点完整 语言流畅 中心明确,做好书面表达题的四种能

3、力 迅速组织句子，连句成文的能力 连贯叙述及一定的文字判断和编辑能力 一句多译、扬长避短变难为易 变通能力, 一定的想象和综合概括能力,做好书面表达题应注意“四个善于” 1. 要善于选择运用合适句型 2.要善于使用过渡词和连接词 3.要善于使用英文的习惯用语 4.要善于变通，变难为易,做好书面表达应注意“四个变化” 1. 句子结构、句型的变化 2. 主语的变化 3. 句子长度的变化 4. 用词的变化,做好书面表达的 “四个要决” 熟记基本词汇和基本句型 熟记英语习惯用语和过渡词 熟记英文名篇名段及表达技巧 熟记英文的表达及文化背景,考生错误的“四大问题” 1. 句子的结构问题，句子不完整、断句

4、 2. 句子悬垂，主谓不一致 3. 时态、语态问题 4. 用词方面的问题 词性错误 单词拼写 动词变化 汉式英语,写作过程的“六以、六求” 以审题求切题 以提纲求周密 以过渡求条理 以常用求保险 以变化求生动 以整洁求印象,指导考生写作要“三结合” 与日常生活相结合 与学过的句型、词组、词汇 相结合 与交际相结合,请看高考该题评分标准中对该题最高档的描述 第五档（ 很好 ）： （2125）完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语言间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑

5、。完全达到了预期的写作目的 （摘自全国普通高等学校招生统一考试试题答案汇编。）,关键词： 要点、结构、词汇连接 关键句： 语言运用能力。,一、审题要准确 二、 句型要变化 三、 词汇要丰富 四、 条理要清晰 五、 书写要规范,中英文的六大差异 1.汉语中的主语未必是英文中的主语 2. 汉语中无主语的句子“IT”“YOU”“ONE”等代替 3. 主动被动在英汉中表现形式不一样 在汉语中的主动形式，在英文中也许是被动 在汉语中的被动形式，在英文中也许是主动 4. 汉语无时态及动词变化，英文中却常见。,5. 用词差异: 英文多用名词，中文多用动词。 英文多用介词，中文多用动词。 6. 结构差异 中文

6、先叙述后表态，英文先表态后叙述,唐 诗 作者 张绩,嫁得瞿塘贾， 朝朝误妾期。 早知潮有信， 嫁与弄潮儿。,译文,Since I married the merchant of Qutang, He has failed each day to keep his word Had I know how regular the tide is, I might have chosen a river boy. (Translated by Bynner),静 夜思 床前明月光 疑是地上霜 举头望明月 低头思故乡,Before my bed a pool of light- Can it be h

7、oarfrost on the ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I m drowned.,悯 农,锄禾日当午, 汗滴禾下土。 谁知盘中餐， 粒粒皆辛苦。,At noon they hoe up weeds; Their sweat drips on the soil. Who knows the rice that needs Is the fruit of hard toil!,Before my bed a pool of light- Can it be hoarfrost on th

8、e ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I m drowned.,新嫁娘 王 建 三日入厨下， 洗手做羹汤。 未谙姑食性， 先遣小姑尝。,Newly- married Bride Having married for just three days, I went to the kitchen to cook soups. Afraid if it might not suit my mother in laws taste, I let my sister-in-law try it firs

9、t.,检查修改书面表达的 “四个层次” 语篇层次上的检查 段落层次上的检查 句子层次上的检查 词汇层次上的检查,训练书面表达要做到“四化” 写作训练要经常化 写作训练要规范化 写作训练要阶段化 写作训练要多样化,指导考生写作要“三结合” 与日常生活相结合 与学过的句型、词组、词汇 相结合 与交际相结合,下面是一些比较常用的过渡词： 1. 表示增加的过渡词 also, and, and then, too, in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, again another, above, 2. 表示时间顺序的过渡词 now, then, bef

10、ore, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, meanwhile, gradually, first, second, finally, till. 3. 表示空间顺序的过渡词 near, near to, far, far from, in front of, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, around, behind, on one side.,4.表示表达的过渡词 but, still, ho

11、wever，on the other hand， on the contrary, yet, in spite of , nevertheless 5. 表示比较的过渡词 in the same way, similarity, just like just as 6. 表示结果和原因的过渡词 because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then , hence, thus ,as.,7. 说明目的的过渡词 for this reason, for the purpose, so that, in order to, in order that, s

12、o as to 8.说明强调的过渡词 indeed, in fact, surely, without any doubt, to repeat, again, most important 9. 表示解释说明的过渡词 in addition, for example ,for instance, further more, in fact, actually 10.表示总结的过渡词 finally, at last, in summary, in brief, to sum up, in conclusion, as has been stated,1997年高考书面表达 My parent

13、s live in the country, They keep a dog called Ah Fu. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my sister and Ah Fu alone. While they were working, my sister walked to river nearby. Ah Fu followed there. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river. Ah Fu barked and jumped

14、into the water immediately. When my parents heard Ah Fu barking they ran to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister. My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who saved my little sister.,1998年高考书面表达 Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we

15、met at the school gate and went there together. The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing,

16、 telling jokes or stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it , we had to say goodbye to the workers.,1999年高考书面表达 Dear Mr. Smith, I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to you something about my school. You are right Quite a few changes have t

17、aken place. On one side of the road there is a new classroom building . On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building -our library. In it there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a

18、lot of trees in and around the school. I hope you come and see for yourself some day. Best wishes, Yours,2000年高考书面表达 It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a y

19、ellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two

20、 minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li hua,2001年高考书面表达 Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I do

21、nt know about other, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspap

22、ers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.,2002年高考书面表达 Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of th

23、e students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance free will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will

24、 do harm to the appearance of a city. On the other hand,40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Yours truly, Li Hua,2003年书面表达分析 Dear Bob, Im so glad to learn

25、 that you re coming in September. Ive found a place for you. Its a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from J

26、ianxin Chineses School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, its only one stop. Do you think youd like it? If not., I can try and find another place. Just let me know. Yours Li Hua,2004 Dear Peter, I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners T

27、alent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you have learned Chinese. If you would like to try, youll have to go to the TV station

28、 to sign up before the end of July. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. Yours Li Hua, Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the w

29、eather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information. In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map

30、. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.,Help sb. Do sth. the train schedule Prepare the trip The train station Search internet for On the platform Manage to do a long queue Buy sth. For s

31、b. Hotel information Pack sth. Into together with See sb. Off such as Wave goodbye to sb. Feel happy for wish sb. a sth.,2010北京开放作文 In the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree. Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.

32、 The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions, faced with difficulties, they never gave up but try their best to find the way out. Life can be hard. But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does.,close

33、to Writing to Invite sb. to be/to some place. Start at Last for Deliver ones speech Accept an invitation It is convenient Have any question Look forward to,2010 广州基础写作（ 要求5句写完规定内容） The Chinese government has decided that smoking be banned in indoor public places all over the country. This decision ,

34、 which will be carried out from January1,2011, aims to bring a complete smoke-free indoor environment. In order to achieve this goal, no-smoking sign will be put up in all indoor public places. Statistics show that China has approximate 350,000,000 smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 are w

35、oman. Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, causing 100,000 deaths a year.,2010 全国卷1 Dear Ms. Smith, Im Li Hua, Chair of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech to be hold in our

36、school on June 15. It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours”. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient. Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. I am looking forward to yo

37、ur reply.,要善于使用过渡词和连接词 先让我们看一看上海某年的高考题： 根据提示情景用英文写出一段80-100词的通顺 恰当的短文，不必根据中文逐句翻译。 我们学校历史悠久，它的学生中不少已成为各 自领域的专家，近年来我们的学校发生了很大 的变化，我们为自己的学校感到自豪。,1.We take pride in our school. 2. To begin with, ours is a school with a long history which was set up fifty year ago. 3. So far hundreds of thousands of stud

38、ents have graduated from it. 4. And then a great number of them are experts in various fields. 5. Then in recent years great changes have taken place there. 6. For example, a new lab and a new library have been built with modern equipment and new books. 7. In addition more trees and flowers are bein

39、g planted in the school garden. 8. Seeing such an excellent school, one cant help feeling proud of it.,这篇短文较好地使用了“启、承、转、合”的表达方式，如在主题句We take pride in our school 之后，使用“启”To begin with 来引导扩展句，接着使用so far 和and then 作“承”之后又用“Then”和“In addition”作“转”最后，用“seeing such”作“合”。上下连接自然。下面是一些常见的“启、承、转、合”的表达方式:,1.有关

40、 “启”的常用词语：用于引导主题句， 或用于主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句 first(ly)第一 at first 最初 first of all 首先，第一 in the first place 首先，第一 at present 现在,in the beginning 起初 to begin with 首先，第一 to start with 首先，第一 for one thing 首先 (常与for another 连用)（其次） on the one hand 一方面 (常与on the other hand 连用)（另一方面）,now 现在 currently 目前 lately 最近

41、 recently 最近 in general 一般来说 generally speaking 一般来说,2.有关 “承”的常用词语：用于承接主题句，或第一个 （或前一个）扩展句。 second(ly)第二；第二点 third (ly)第三；第三点 also/too并且；又，也 besides (this)此外 in addition此外,in addition to除之外 furthermore 而且,此外 moreover而且,此外 what is more而且,此外 for another 其次 for example 例如,for instance 例如 as an example 例

42、如 as another example 再如 namely 即, 就是 then 然后 of course 当然,in other words换句话说 in particular 特别,尤其 in the same way 同样地 after that此后 afterwards此后,after a few days 几天以后 after a while过了一会儿 from now on 从此 later后来 just as正如,similarly 同样地 meanwhile同时 at the same time同时 by this time 此时 soon 不久 consequently结果

43、,3.有关“转”的常用词语:用来表示不同或相反的情况 after all 毕竟 but但是 yet仍,然而 however然而 nevertheless尽管,如此,though 尽管如此 although 虽然 despite 尽管 in spite of 尽管 on the contrary 相反地 unlike 与不同,on the other hand 另一方面 all the same 但是 unfortunately 不幸地 still 仍然 in fact事实上 as a matter of fact 事实上,4. 有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结段落中上文 的内容，引导最后一个扩展

44、句或引导结尾句 表示段落的结束。 finally最后 in brief简言之 in conclusion总之 in short简言之,briefly简单地说 above all最重要地 as a result结果 for this reason所以 as has been noted 如前所述 as I have said如我所述,at last 终于 at length最后，终于 eventually最终 accordingly 于是 indeed的确 surely无疑,清楚地表达需要表达的内容,Using the same way to start sentences indicates

45、a weakness in sentence construction,We set out in the morning. Li Ming was carrying a compass. He also had a tent in his backpack. I carried a lot of things too. I had a flashlight in my backpack. I also carried some food and clothing. We climbed a hill on the way. We swam across a river then. We fo

46、und a piece of wood. We put our backpacks on it. We pushed the wood across the river. We got into a forest. We lost our way there. Li Ming took out the compass. We found the right direction then. We arrived at the campsite late.,Early in the morning, we set out. Li Ming was carrying a compass and a

47、tent in his backpack, and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food and clothing. On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river. As we got int

48、o a forest, we lost our way. Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass. By the time we arrived at the campsite, it had already been dark. Li Ming then put up the tent, and I made fire and started cooking.,应该在整篇文章中避免使用单一的一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，灵活使用十二种句式，长短句要交错使用，这样才能使文章有声有色。试比较以下两种表达，体验高级句式的妙

49、处，学会使用高级句式。,1、改变时态：例：The bell is ringing.(一般)There goes the bell.(高级) 2、改变语态：例：People suggest that the conference be put off(一般).It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级) 3、使用不定式：例：He is so kind that he can help others(一般).He is so kind as to help me.(高级).,4、使用过去分词：例：（）She walked out of t

50、he lab and many students followed her . (一般)Followed by many students , she walked out of the lab.(高级) (2)Once it is seen , it can never be forgotten .(一般)Once seen , it can never be forgotten .(高级),5、使用V+ing形式：例：(1)When he arrives, please give me an E-mail. (一般)On arriving/his arrival, please give

51、me an E-mail.(高级) （）If the weather permits , Ill come tomorrow.(一般)Ill come tomorrow , weather permitting (高级) 6、使用名词性从句：例：(1)It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up .(一般)The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.（高级） （2）I happened to met him .（一般）It happened that I had met him.,

52、7、使用定语从句：例：The girl is highly spoken of . Her composition was well written (一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of .(高级) . 8、使用状语从句：例：（1）I wont believe what he says . （一般）No matter what he says , I wont believe. (高级),（2）If you come back before six oclock, you can go out .

53、 （一般）You can go out on condition that (provided that )you come back before six oclock.(高级) (3)If she doesnt agree, what shall we do ? （一般）Supposing that she doesnt agree , what shall we do ? (高级),9. 使用虚拟语气：例：The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the effort of the capital.(一般)But f

54、or the efforts of the captain , the ship would have sunk with all on board.(高级) 10. 使用强调句型：例：Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920.(一般)It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began. (高级),11. 使用倒装句：例：Though Im weak , Ill make the effort.(一般)Weak as I am , Ill make the effort.(高级) 12. 使用并列句：例：If you go through the gate , youll find the entrance to Bear Country.(一般)Go through the gate , and youll find the entrance to the Bear Country. (高级),一天夜里正在家睡觉，忽然听到根据以下图