Howdoanimalslearn.ppt

1、mistake .for.,How do animals know how to recognize their mothers?,How Do Animals Learn?,Lucy,Skim,1 How many parts can this passage be divided into?,Three or Four parts.,2 Please make an outline of this passage.,Introduction: Animal behavior is either innate or learned.,The innate behavior (para.2-3

2、),The learned behavior (para.4-8),The conclusion: Learning allows animals to be adaptable in a new environment.,Main idea and details,Task c on Page 82,Animal behavior,learned behavior,innate behavior,habituation,imprinting,trial animals are born with it,learning from past experiences,doing somethin

3、g many times and finally succeeding,Match the examples with the correct types of behavior.,1. Every fall, many birds fly from North America to South America. instinctive behavior,2. Imagine a mother duck in a lake. Four or five small ducklings are swimming after her. They know to follow her. imprint

4、ing,3. Young horses are often afraid of noisy street. But after a while, they learn to pay no attention to the normal sights and sounds of a city.,4. When a person learn to ride a bicycle, she probably has to fall off many times before she can ride successfully.,habituation,trial and error,5. Many k

5、inds of young birds and mammals observe their parents and learn what to eat and how to eat it.,6. In 1900, Ivan, a Russian biologist, studied conditioning in dogs. Ivan rang a bell every time he gave the dog food. Soon the dog started to associate the sound of the bell with the smell of food. After

6、some time, it salivated when it heard a bell alone. without food.,association,association,Application:task 1,In the passage Animal Tales, we read about an octopus and a tiger. What type of learning did the octopus use to open the jar? Why did the tiger think that he was a pig? (In other words, what

7、kind of learning was going on?),The octopus learned to open the jar through association, specifically through observation of the zoo keepers.,He was influenced by the learned behavior-imprinting.,What are several kinds of behavior that humans use to learn language?,Trial and error, association, and

8、insight.,Application-task 2,Task E on Page 84,How Do Animals Learn,Behavior is the way that animals act. For example, how do they protect themselves from danger? Behavior is either innate or learned. Much behavior is innate; that is, animals are born with it. The innate behavior is a biological inhe

9、ritance. Some innate behaviors are simple, such as a reflex or a fight-or-flight response.,the way 后面的定语从句（that, in which, ),我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。,I dont like the way (that/in which/) she talked to me.,她教化学的方式很有趣。,The way (that/in which /) she teaches chemistry is intresting.,We had a good laugh over the st

10、range way (that/in which/) Matt solved the problem.,How Do Animals Learn,Behavior is the way that animals act. For example, how do they protect themselves from danger? Behavior is either innate or learned. Much behavior is innate; that is, animals are born with it. The innate behavior is a biologica

11、l inheritance. Some innate behaviors are simple, such as a reflex or a fight-or-flight response.,keep sb from defend sb from,bear, bore, born/borne,Emma bore a son called Karl.,give birth to,He is a born teacher.,She inherited a large amount of money from her father.,The family was often in flight,

12、hiding out in friends houses.,When something suddenly passes in front of your eyes, you blink. This is a reflex. Think about a time when you were very afraid. Your heart began to beat faster, and you began to breathe faster. Your body was preparing for danger. You were having a fight-or-flight respo

13、nse. You had no control over it.,wink,He didnt sleep a wink. He did not get a wink of sleep.,beat its wings,beat sb in a competition or election,The fire is _of control. The fire is _my control. He _control of his car. He is _control of the club. He is _charge of the club.,out,under,lost,in,in,Anoth

14、er, more complex, kind of innate behavior is instinct. Many animals have a strong sense of territory-a place that they own. For example, a male sea lion protects his area of beach by attacking other male sea lions that come onto it. This is territoriality. Some animals migrate seasonally. This is mi

15、gration.,It is the only republic which has no territorial disputes with the others.,immigrate,He immigrated from India at age 18. He immigrated to India at age 18.,immigrant,Learned behavior includes habituation, imprinting, trial and error, association and insight. Young horses are often afraid of

16、noisy streets. But after a while, they learn to feel comfortable in the new situation. This is an example of habituation. Some aninals do not innately know how to recognize other members of their own species.,She offered some really interesting, insightful observations,extinct species,They learn thi

17、s in the first day or two of life. This kind of learned behavior is imprinting. An animal tries to do something many times before it is successful. This kind of learned behavior is trial-and-error. Two forms of association is conditioning and observation. Many kinds of young birds and mammals watch their parents do something. Then, they follow them. This is an example of observation.,The most difficult, complex type o