新标准大学英语综合教程第九单元reading-practise

1、Over the past decade, voluntourism and short-term volunteering have exploded in popularity. They seem to answer many of the classic criticisms of tourism and, unlike traditional international volunteering, let us go when and where we want. In short, this new type of trip seems too good to be true. I

2、n many cases it is.Volunteering causes unemployment. Why pay someone to do a job when someone else will do it for free? I visited one school in Malawi where the head teacher took Western volunteers because they were cheaper than paying local staff. Sure, there are some projects that will not get don

3、e without volunteersbut you still need to ask why you are needed, and whether the work would not be better done by a paid local person. Maybe the best contribution you could make would be to help pay that person.Often volunteers want to do what they do not do at home. If they work in an office they

4、want to dig a well or teach kids. But if you do not know how to do something in your own country, how will you know how to do it in someone elses? Voluntourism can encourage Westerners to see development as simple, as something that comes from outsiders (rather than local people and governments) and

5、 that can be done by unskilled, but enthusiastic Westerners. But if development was that simple it would all have been sorted out long agoand worse still, the development is simple message reduces the need for political change and the support for long-term sustainable solutions. Instead, voluntouris

6、m and short-term volunteering tend to operate outside of wider development policy and thinking. Despite good intentions, projects that operate in this way may not be really helpfulfor example, a classroom gets built when what is really needed is a health education program. If tourists want to contri

7、bute, then they need to work together with development agencies and governments.Despite these criticisms, the answer is not to abandon all forms of volunteering. Instead, we should support those organizations that address these criticisms, operate in a moral way and do not solely put in the first pl

8、ace the sudden thoughts of the tourist. 1.Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?A. Voluntourism can let us go anywhere for free.B. Voluntourism makes lots of people out of work.C. Volunteers should be unskilled people.D. Voluntourism always operates in really helpful wa

9、ys.2.It can be concluded from the second paragraph that _.A. people prefer to hire someone for free.B. volunteers get less paid than local staff.C. a paid person will do better than a unpaid person.D. voluntary work benefits the society a lot.3.Why do people prefer to employ volunteers rather than l

10、ocal staff?A. Because they are cheaper than local staff.B. Because they do a better job than local people.C. Because they have special skills.D. Because they are more enthusiastic in their work.4.Which of the following statements is NOT a disadvantage of volunteering?A. Volunteers might be unskilled

11、 despite their enthusiasm.B. Voluntourism can mislead people in their understanding of development.C. Voluntourism might be operated in unhelpful ways.D. Voluntourism has become the target of many criticisms.5.What can you infer from the last paragraph?A. We had better abandon volunteering.B. Volunt

12、eering should not be criticized.C. Volunteering should be operated in a moral way.D. The thought about volunteering should be put in the first place.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.While there is not just one right reason to volunteer abroad, it is important to realize

13、 that different motivations can lead to different types of service. We warn against wanting solve other peoples problems, as too often this attitude has had negative effects on communities and has made local people powerless. Thus, before starting your volunteering program, you had better make yours

14、elf clear about the following points.Duration and Time of YearMany of the international programs have set dates, while others allow volunteers to determine their own start and end dates. The shorter-term (1- to 3-week) opportunities often involve a specific project such as building a medical clinic

15、or repairing roads. In longer-term programs, volunteers live and work side-by-side with the local people, virtually becoming a part of the local community and its rhythms of daily life.Type of Volunteer OrganizationYou may wish to know if the program you are considering is a government agency, a for

16、-profit agency, or a non-profit agency. You may want to ask if the organization is faith-based or secular. In any case, you will want to ensure that your values and objectives are in line with those of your sending and host organizations.A volunteer organization might or might not contribute part of

17、 your program fee to the long-term sustainability of a community and its resources. You may want to know how their funds are used.If you speak with returned volunteers and agency representatives, you can often get a clear picture of the type of work you will be doing and the nature of the organizati

18、on you will be representing.SkillsMany of the opportunities you will find on the website do not require volunteers to have specific skills. A willing spirit and an open mind are often all that is required to assist in the work initiated by local community members. However, if you have professional e

19、xperience in a certain field, you may want to choose a program that will allow you to put your skills to use. On the other hand, if you are hoping to gain new skills or explore new career options, consider programs that provide the greatest opportunities for hands-on work in your area of interest. I

20、t is never too late to acquire new skills!6.The word secular most probably means _.A. concerned with spiritual or religious affairsB. not connected with a church or religionC. governed by or done according to reasonD. consistently reliable7.If you want to get more information about a volunteering or

21、ganization, you should _.A. ask you friends for helpB. speak with returned volunteersC. write to the leader of the volunteering organizationD. search information from the organizations website8.According to the passage, what is required of a volunteer?A. Several specific skills.B. Relevant work expe

22、rience.C. A willing spirit and an open mind.D. A warm heart and much spare time.9.Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider in choosing a program?A. Start and end date of the program.B. Types of volunteer organization.C. The skills you should have.D. The language you should learn.10.Which o

23、f the following statements is true?A. Motivations influence the types of volunteering service.B. Volunteers have no right to decide the volunteering service duration.C. All volunteer organizations should be non-profit agencies.D. Volunteers are required to have specific skills.Questions 11 to 15 are

24、 based on the following passage or dialog.American teens are setting an example for their parents through their volunteer work, according to a new survey by Harris Interactive.The random national telephone survey released this week found that more teens volunteer to support a charitable cause56 per

25、centthan have a part-time job39 per cent.Parents or guardians said 82 per cent of the teens in their lives do something to support charitable causes, including volunteering, appeal to others to devote to a cause, wearing a button or T-shirt or donating money. Forty-six per cent of the adults surveye

26、d said they volunteer their time, but they also take credit for inspiring their children to volunteer.The Harris Interactive survey was conducted in the United States between January 29 and February 2 among 2,003 adults.Sara Johnson, a teacher who advises the student service club at a private high s

27、chool, says she has seen an increase of teen involvement in social causes since President Barack Obama was elected in November. I think that kids are increasingly realizing how important it is, said Johnson, who teaches English at Illiana Christian. Johnson, 29, said she saw a similar increase in in

28、volvement after Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005, and believes this generation of teens is more involved in charitable work than her generation was. The Harris Interactive survey found a quarter of teens have become more involved in charitable causes or organizations as a result of the e

29、conomic downturn, but the economy has also led to cuts in pocket money, and has teens working more hours at a paying job.Unlike many public high schools across the nation, Illiana Christian does not require its students to clock public service hours. Senior Melissa Martin said some kids are too busy

30、 with other commitments like sports and music, but most of her classmates do volunteer.Alynn Woodson, director of volunteer engagement at Habitat for Humanity International, said she has noticed a new enthusiasm among teen volunteers for the Atlanta-based organization, which has had a structured you

31、th program since 1987.Habitat for Humanity celebrates the 20th anniversary of its spring break program this year and is expecting over 12,000 youngsters to help build homes for low-income people around the nation.11.In which paragraph does the author first mention the reason for more volunteers invo

32、lved in social causes?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 5.D. In paragraph 6.12.According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT _.A. more teens volunteer than work part timeB. American teens do more charitable work than their parentsC. all schools require f

33、ixed public service hours for studentsD. the population of volunteers has increased in social causes since Barack Obama was elected13.Which of the following is a reason for volunteers population increase?A. The economic downturn.B. The cuts in pocket money.C. The requirements of the parents.D. The r

34、equirement of the school.14.When was there an increase of teens involved in charitable causes?A. Since President Barack Obama was elected in November.B. After Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005.C. Between January 29 and February 2003.D. Both A and B.15.The followings are all acts to suppor

35、t charitable causes EXCEPT _.A. donating money to poor peopleB. wearing a volunteering T-shirtC. building homes for low-income peopleD. taking sports and music as commitmentsQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.Volunteers can play an important role in the ESL (English as a

36、 second language) classroom. Teachers can use a volunteer as a classroom monitor. As teachers circulate through class to monitor student progress during language activities, the volunteer does the same. He or she can check for accurate pronunciation, reading comprehension, accurate grammar and gener

37、al comprehension of the activity.A volunteer can be a co-presenter in ESL classes. He or she can assist teachers in the presentation of new activities. For example, a volunteer can take a role in an English dialogue with teachers. If teachers are presenting a conversation to class, the volunteer can

38、 take the other part so that it creates better language environment for the students. The volunteer can also model the activity with teachers. If teachers want the students to do pair work, the volunteer can demonstrate how it should be done. It is best if teachers let the volunteer know exactly wha

39、t they are looking for in advance.A volunteer can play the role of a pull-out group leader. A pull-out group is a group of similar ability students who work separately from the whole class for part of the class session. The groups can address special needs the students have in common. They can also

40、provide more challenging work for higher level students and give students an opportunity to focus on skills like English conversation with a lot of feedback that teachers cannot always provide in a large group. Teachers can provide the volunteer with materials and detailed instructions for working w

41、ith the group and a place to work.Here are some golden rules for using volunteers. First, clear communication is the key. Teachers need to give clear instructions and adequate materials to their volunteers. From the start, ask the volunteers what they want to get out of volunteering with the class a

42、nd explain what the students need from a volunteer. Second, feedback! Volunteers need feedback on how he or she is doing. Many of them feel nervous about teaching. Also, teachers need feedback on how volunteer-led class activities go to find out student progress and to make sure the volunteer feels comfortable doing what he or