昆虫学常用专业英语词汇

1、Entomology/Insectology General entomology/Basic entomology， Applied entomology/Economic entomology Entomology technology Palaeoentomology 古昆虫学 Cultural entomologyGeneral entomology/Basic entomology Insect morphology Insect biology Insect taxonomy Insect physiology Insect ecologyApplied entomology/Ec

2、onomic entomology1. Agricultural entomology2. Apiculture3. Sericulture4. Resources entomology5. Insect toxicology6. Plant chemical protection7. Insect pathology8. Biological control of insect pests9. Forest entomology10. Stored products entomology11. Medical entomology12. Urban entomology13. Veterin

3、ary entomology兽医昆虫学14. Forensic entomology法医昆虫学15. Environmental entomologyInsect morphology Headantenna, compound eyes, ocellus, mouthpart (chewing/biting mouthpart; piercing-sucking mouthpart), sensory organ Thoraxprothorax, mesothorax, metathorax fore legs, middle legs, hind legs, fore wings, hin

4、d wings, veins, venation，walking, jumping, digging, grasping, pollen-carrying, swimming, clasping, climbing legs，membranous, piliferous, lepidotic, fringed, tegmen, hemielytron, elytron, halter wings， Abdomenovipositor, copulatory organ, cerci，Appendage附肢Insect biologyEgg,nymph, larva, larvae, stage

5、/stadium，instar，pupa/pupae, adult, male, female, Hatch, Growth，Moult，Exuvia蜕，Pupating，Emergence/eclosion, mating, duration, oviposition, fecundity, reproduction, Insect biologyMetamorphosis：Incomplete metamorphosis; complete metamorphosisLife historyannual life history, generational life history lif

6、e cycle, generation, life-span, generation overlap dormancy diapause overwinterInsect physiology Integument 体壁 Digestive system Circulatory system Excretory system malpighian 马氏管 Respiratory/tracheal system呼吸（气管）系统，spiracle气门 Reproductive system Nervous system nerve cell，central nervous system，elect

7、rical transmission，chemical transmission, cholinesterase(胆碱酯酶，Ache) Hormone昆虫激素 molting hormone MH蜕皮激素 juvenile hormone JH保幼激素 Ectohormone昆虫外激素semiochemical信息化学物质 pheromone信息素， allelochemical异种化感物Insect ecology 生物因子 biotic factor, biotic component 非生物因子 abiotic factor, abiotic component 食物链 food cha

8、in 食物网 food web 负二项分布 negative binomial distribution 营养级 trophic level 生境 habitat 小生境 microhabitat 生境选择 habitat selection 生态分布 ecological distribution 嗜食性 food preference 生态阈值 ecological threshold 生态适应 ecological adaptation 生态对策 ecological strategy 生态演替 ecological succession 昆虫群落 insect community 种群

9、结构 population structure 种群密度 population density 种群增长 population growth 竞争 competition 食物竞争 food competition 限制因子 limiting factor 密度制约因子 density dependent factor 非密度制约因子 density independent factor 种群动态 population dynamics 生命表 life table 年龄特征生命表 age-specific life table 时间特征生命表 time-specific life table

10、 factor-specific life table 逻辑斯谛增长 logistic growth 生态型 ecotype 死亡率 mortality 存活率 survival rate 存活曲线 survival curve 关键因子分析 key-factor analysis 世代时间 generation time 周限增长率 finite rate of increase 内禀增长力(率)innate capacity for increase 世代重叠 generation overlap 均匀分布 uniform distribution 随机分布 random distribu

11、tion 泊松分布 Poisson distribution 核心分布 contagious distribution K选择 K-selection K对策昆虫 K-strategist R选择 r-selection R对策昆虫 r-strategist 捕食作用 predation 捕食者 predator 猎物 prey 发育起点温度 threshold temperature, thermal threshold, development zero 有效积温法则 law of effective temperature 功能反应 functional response 寄生 para

12、sitism 内寄生 endo parasitism 外寄生 ecto parasitism 重寄生 epi parasitism 宿(寄主)主 host 二次寄生 secondary parasitism 社会性昆虫 social insects 优势种 dominant species 地方种 endemic species 本地种 indigenous species 外来种 exotic species 关键种 keystone species 入侵种 invasive species 濒危种 endangered species 稀有种 rare species 共生 symbios

13、is 过冷却点 supercooling point 迁飞 migration 迁出 emigration 迁入 immigration 抗生作用 antibiosis 异种化感 allelopathy 又称“他感作用”。 虫瘿 gall, cecidium 有害生物综合治理 integrated pest management IPM 经济阈值 economic threshold 生态治理 ecological management 自然控制 natural management 自然抑制 natural suppression 助增释放 augmentation release 保育 c

14、onservation 检疫 quarantine 检疫区 quarantine areaAgricultural entomology PestsLepidoptera worm, butterfly, moth, leaf rooler bag worm Cutworms夜蛾 caterpillar fruit-piercing moths leafminerColeoptera beetle, Weevil象鼻虫 chafers elephant beetle longhorn longicorn/ long-horned beetleHomoptera scale, armoured

15、scales whitefly, mealybug, aphid, psyllid/psylla Plant leafhopper cicada, fruit fly, gall midge leafminer thrip, mite, termite， locust Stinkbug/bug cricket, Mole cricket GrubsNatural enemies Predator : Ladybird bettle Predatory/ predacious/ mites/ thrips Green lacewings AntlionsParasite: Parasites/P

16、arasitoid waspPathogen/Entomopathogen: bacteria Fungi White-muscardine Green-muscardine virus nematode parasitismIntegrated pest management(IPM)v Quarantinev Cultural control interplant, rotation, windbreak, plant vigour, resistant variety，field sanitationv Artificial and mechanical controlv Biological control Predators, Parasites / parasitoids, Pathogensv Chemical control “3R” problems (resurgence, resistance, residue) sustainable pest management action level, economic threshold peak Insecticide/ pesticide Chemical insecticide Pyrethroid Organophosphorous organochlorine insecticides broad