外文翻译.pdf

1、大连交通大学 2017 届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 Mold history 1.Mold development history The emergence of mold can be traced back thousands of years ago, pottery and bro nze foundry, but the large-scale use is with the rise of modern industry and developed. The 19th century, with the arms industry (guns shell), watch i

2、ndustry, radio industr y, dies are widely used. After World War II, with the rapid development of world eco nomy, it became a mass production of household appliances, automobiles, electronic e quipment, cameras, watches and other parts the best way. From a global perspectiv e, when the United States

3、 in the forefront of stamping technology - many die of advan ced technologies, such as simple mold, high efficiency, mold, die and stamping the hi gh life automation, mostly originated in the United States; and Switzerland, fine blank ing, cold in Germany extrusion technology, plastic processing of

4、the Soviet Union ar e at the world advanced. 50s, mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand, pr oduction can meet the product requirements of the mold. Multi-die design rule of thu mb, reference has been drawing and perceptual knowledge, on the design of mold part s of a lack of real underst

5、anding of function. From 1955 to 1965, is the pressure proc essing of exploration and development of the times - the main components of the mol d and the stress state of the function of a mathematical sub-bridge, and to continue t o apply to on-site practical knowledge to make stamping technology in

6、 all aspects o f a leap in development. The result is summarized mold design principles, and make s the pressure machine, stamping materials, processing methods, plum with a structur e, mold materials, mold manufacturing method, the field of automation devices, a ne w look to the practical direction

7、 of advance, so that pressing processing apparatus cap able of producing quality products from the first stage. Into the 70s to high speed, launch technology, precision, security, development of t he second stage. Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency, busin ess life, high-

8、precision multi-functional automatic school to help with. Represented b y the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of multi- station transfer station module. On this basis, has developed both a continuous pressi ng station there are more slide forming station of the p

9、ress - bending machine. In th e meantime, the Japanese stand to the worlds largest - the mold into the micron-leve l precision, die life, alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times, carbid e steel mold to each of hundreds of millions of times p minutes for stamping the numb er of sm

10、all presses usually 200 to 300, up to 1200 times to 1500 times. In the meanti me, in order to meet product updates quickly, with the short duration (such as cars mo dified, refurbished toys, etc.) need a variety of economic-type mold, such as zinc allo y die down, polyurethane rubber mold, die steel

11、 skin, also has been very great develop ment. From the mid-70s so far can be said that computer-aided design, supporting the con tinuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. With the precision an d complexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, th 大

12、连交通大学 2017 届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 e quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve. Rely on common proc essing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. Since t he 90s, mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the develop ment of NC machine t

13、ools, such as CNC wire cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC mill ing, CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on. The use of computer automatic pro gramming, control CNC machine tools to improve the efficiency in the use and scop e. In recent years, has developed a computer to time-sharing by the way a grou

14、p of di rect management and control of CNC machine tools NNC system. 2.Mold industry development trend 1mold CAD / CAE / CAM being integrated, three-dimensional, intelligent and net work direction (1) mold software features integrated Die software features of integrated software modules required rel

15、atively complet e, while the function module using the same data model, in order to achieve Syndicate d news management and sharing of information to support the mold design, manufact ure, assembly, inspection, testing and production management of the entire process t o achieve optimal benefits. Ser

16、ies such as the UK Delcams software will include a su rface / solid geometric modeling, engineering drawing complex geometry, advanced r endering industrial design, plastic mold design expert system, complex physical CA M, artistic design and sculpture automatic programming system, reverse engineeri

17、ng a nd complex systems physical line measurement systems. A higher degree of integrati on of the software includes: Pro / ENGINEER, UG and CATIA, etc. Shanghai Jiaoto ng University, China with finite element analysis of metal plastic forming systems an d Die CAD / CAM systems; Beijing Beihang Haier

18、 Software Ltd. CAXA Series softw are; Jilin Gold Grid Engineering Research Center of the stamping die mold CAD / CA E / CAM systems . (2) mold design, analysis and manufacture of three-dimensional Two-dimensional mold of traditional structural design can no longer meet modern t echnical requirements

19、 of production and integration. Mold design, analysis, manufact uring three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new genera tion of three-dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensiona l digital model can be easily used in the product structure of CA

20、E analysis, tooling ma nufacturability evaluation and CNC machining, forming process simulation and infor mation management and sharing. Such as Pro / ENGINEER, UG and CATIA softwar e such as with parametric, feature-based, all relevant characteristics, so that mold conc urrent engineering possible.

21、 In addition, Cimatran company Moldexpert, Delcams Ps -mold and Hitachi Shipbuilding of Space-E/mold are professional injection mold 3D d esign software, interactive 3D cavity, core design, mold base design configuration an d typical structure . Australian company Moldflow realistic three-dimensiona

22、l flow si mulation software MoldflowAdvisers been widely praised by users and application s. China Huazhong University of Science have developed similar software HSC3D4. 大连交通大学 2017 届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 5F and Zhengzhou University, Z-mold software. For manufacturing, knowledge-base d intelligent softwar

23、e function is a measure of die important sign of advanced and pra ctical one. Such as injection molding experts Cimatrons software can automatically g enerate parting direction based parting line and parting surface, generate products corr esponding to the core and cavity, implementation of all rele

24、vant parts mold, and for au tomatically generated BOM Form NC drilling process, and can intelligently process p arameter setting, calibration and other processing results. (3) mold software applications, networking trend With the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and manage

25、m ent, globalization, internationalization, and the rapid development of computer hardw are and software technology, the Internet has made in the mold industry, virtual desig n, agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. The United States in i ts 21st Century Manufacturing Enterpris

26、e Strategy that the auto industry by 2006 t o achieve agile manufacturing / virtual engineering solutions to automotive developm ent cycle shortened from 40 months to 4 months. 3.The development of Chinas mold industry The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country

27、, t he mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industr y. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-ter m has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chines e mold industry only then drives into t

28、he development speedway. Recent years, not on ly the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investment s enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development als o rapid quietly. Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but comp

29、ares with the de mand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-sc ale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold pre cision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average h orizontal and the d

30、eveloped country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed mas sively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now o n will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-o f-art enhancement. The

31、structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure t o the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold develop ment, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile c over mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the

32、 multi-purpose compou nd mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design ma nufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the tech nology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment an

33、d the organizational re form step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long lif 大连交通大学 2017 届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 e, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher th an the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression castin

34、g mold pro portion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; Th e three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock syste m transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhe jiang Delta and Yangtze River

35、 delta as central southeast coastal area development quic kly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quicke st, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, place s such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger develo

36、pment in re cent years. Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scal e, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture hori zontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, dat e, France, Italy man

37、y. The current existence question and the disparity mainly displa y in following several aspects: (1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling one rate only, about 70%. Low-grade mold, center upsca le mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about. (2) the enterprise organi

38、zational structure, the product structure, the technical struct ure and the import and export structure does not gather in our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold worksho p which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles onese lf the proportio

39、n to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is th e commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, sm all and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially sma ll and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long li

40、fe mold accounts for th e total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 ye ars, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the aft er net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import q uantity bigges

41、t country . (3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard The prod uction cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low ma inly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life a nd structure. (4) Develops

42、 the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mol d enterprise technical personnel proportion low. The level is lower, also does not take the product development, and is frequent in th e passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation ou tput va

43、lue approximately, ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry develope d country mostly 15 to10, 000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10, 000 US doll ars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the wo rkshop type management with it, truly realizes th

44、e enterprise which the modernized en terprise manages few. To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has no 大连交通大学 2017 届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 t obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well a s the most state-owned enterprises mecha

45、nism cannot adapt the market economy, bu t also has the following several reasons: . (1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently Although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold professio n industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dyn

46、amics to be weak. At pres ent enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185; the majority enter prise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the techno logical transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amoun t the tax mone

47、y, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated ent erprise loan extremely difficult. (2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and th e technical attack investment too urine. Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industr

48、y, along wit h the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which a nd skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitte r and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold e nterprise benefit unsatisfac

49、tory and takes insufficiently the scientific research develop ment and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, college s and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests to o few in the scientific research development and the techni

50、cal attack aspect, causes th e mold technological development step doe not to be big, progresses does not be quic k. (3) The craft equipment level is low, also is not good, the using factor is low. Recen t years ,our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provid e the qui

51、te complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equip ment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introd uced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are ver y more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result

52、of aspect the and so on syste m and fund reason, introduces the equipment not necessary, the equipment and the ap pendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization r ate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time . (4) Specialization,

53、 standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation abil ity Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long a go, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the com mercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year pr

54、oduces mold, commodit y mold minister 40% about, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mol ds enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold com plete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cav e rare is low also to

55、the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specia lly has very tremendous influence. (5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation tech nology fall 大连交通大学 2017 届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often

56、can affec t the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel a nd overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plat e, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement. At present, our country economy still

57、 was at the high speed development phase, o n the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvi ous, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mol d industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will c o

58、ntinue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also graduall y will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purch ase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad vie w the future, international, the domest

59、ic mold market overall development tendency p rospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed developmen t under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold grea t nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the r anks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not o nly has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreo ver the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, ent erprises system and the mechanism