高考英语单项选择题解题技巧.ppt

1、单项选择题解题技巧,试题设计特点：,1.句子结构题 命题手段 (1)用问句、陈述句、倒装句使题干复杂，以避开考生熟悉的句子结构 Whom do you want to have_the parts of the car together? A.fix B.to fix C.fixing D.fixed,(还原：You want to have whom fix the parts of the car together ),(1)用问句、陈述句、倒装句使题干复杂，以避开考生熟悉的句子结构 (2).用从句、加插入语等分隔成分使句子结构复杂 .用省略的方法使句子结构复杂 .用被动句使句子结构复杂

2、.用考生不太常见的句式使句子结构看起来有点陌生,试题设计特点：,2.词汇用法题 利用惯用法和习惯用语命题,以及把意思相同或相近的词或词组放在一起进行考查。 习语或固定搭配 请看以下例题: Weve missed the last bus, and Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi. A. way B. alternative C. possibility D. selection,（have no alternative /choice but to do sth）,习语或固定搭配 习语或固定搭配的确切含义 句子的真实含义 词语的意义和用法 题干

3、对词语的要求 搭配承上替代,试题设计特点：,3.语境推理题 利用上下文创设一个语境,字里行间隐含某些关键信息来命题 Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,（NMET 2004 全国II）（答案C）,（改编） Has Sam finished his homework today? Yes. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing

4、D. had done (关键信息I have no idea和Yes),（答案A）,（经验：prefer doing sth to doing sth), 但这里用to be noticed 作目的状语.答案为A.,试题设计特点：,4.思维定势题 利用考生的思维定势（习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维）命题 The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to_by others. A.be noticed B.being noticed C.having been noticed D.have been noticed,Im sorry I c

5、ant help _ the floor of the classroom. A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping,（经验：cant help doing sth）答案为C.,试题设计特点：,5.情景交际题 利用英汉两种语言在表达上的差异和英语口语中的习惯表达进行命题 . - Excuse me, _? - Thats $35.76 altogether , madam. A. how much is the meal weve had B. but can I take your order C. could I have the b

6、ill, please D. would you please take the money,分析:根据中国人的表达习惯，考生很可能会选择A，“我们一共吃了多少钱？”。但在英美文化中，往往会说“请结帐，好吗？”。正确答案 .,C,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,1.结构分析法 为了增加试题的难度和灵活性，命题者通过插入语、倒装句、强调结构、从句套从句等形式使句子结构复杂化。因此，在做题时，要能准确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络。 The place_ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the crossriver traffic is the

7、heaviest. A. which; whereB. at which; which C. at which; whereD. which; in which,解析：本题综合考查了定语从句where引导的表语从句。依据句子结构分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引导的表语从句，又因定语从句逻辑上与should构成at the place, 故选 。,C,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else_, is there? A. who to turn toB. she can turn to

8、C. for whom to turnD. for her to turn,解析：通过分析句子结构可以判断，所留空格为定语从句修饰先行词no one else，省略了关系代词whom。 项正好符合此要求。,B,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked,根据语法规则并由题意可知 为最佳答案。,B,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,2.结构简化法 在一个较复杂的句子中，通过去掉插入语或附加的次要信息部分，

9、使句子结构简化，然后可迅速找出正确答案。 _some of this juice-perhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To tryD. Have tried,解析：去掉破折号后面的附加信息perhaps youll like it, 通过语境和结构分析便可看出本题是祈使句，故答案为 。,B,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,3.结构还原法 高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但为了增加试题的难度，命题者有意把题干复杂化，改成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类选择题，考生可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一

10、目了然。具体来说，可采用以下几种方法。,（1）将倒装句改成陈述句 （2）将陈述句改为倒装句 （3）去掉从句或插入语 （4）将被动句改为主动句 （5）将省略句改为一个完整的句子 （6）将复合句改成简单句 （7）将疑问句改成陈述句 （8）将感叹句改成陈述句,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,Generally speaking,_ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when takingB. when taken C. when to takeD. when to be taken,解析：该句省略了the drug

11、was, 补全后则为：the drug was taken according to the directions.答案选 。,B,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,Was it in 1969_ the American astronauts succeeded_ landing on the moon? A. when; onB. that; on C. when; inD. that; in,解析：将这个句子转换成陈述句，即：It was in 1969 _the American astronauts succeeded_ landing on the moon. 这是一个强调句型, 故答案

12、 正确。,D,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-I havent heard from Henry for a long time. -What do you suppose_ to him? A. was happeningB. to happen C. has happenedD. had happened,解析：去掉本句中的插入语do you suppose, 原句则变为：What_ to him?很明显，该句是一个由what引导的特殊疑问句，句中缺少谓语动词。又从“I havent heard from Henry for a long time”可得到提示，答语应该用 ，故该题选 。,C

13、,现在完成时,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,4.语境分析法 这类题要求考生找到语境的切入点，认真、仔细地分析题干所提供的语境，然后确定正确答案。 -Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, I am not sure. But it_ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can,解析：通过对语境的分析可发现，“I am not sure”为解题的切入点。“不太有把握，无法确定”表示一种可能性，故选项 正确。,A,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,He kept looking at her,

14、 wondering whether he_ her somewhere. A. sawB. has seen C. sees D. had seen,解析：本题考查过去完成时在具体情景中的使用。根据题干的语境暗示可知主导时态为一般过去时。现在分词短语wondering作伴随状语，其中whether又引导宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。答案为 。,D,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,5.关键信息法 对于有些题目来说，如果能找到题干中的关键信息，问题便可迎刃而解。 -What are you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had j

15、ust finished my work and_ to take a shower. A. had startedB. started C. have startedD. was starting,解析：此句的关键信息为when Tony phoned you,它是时间标志。在此之前发生的表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，在此时间点正在发生的用过去进行时。答案为 。,D,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-Do you have anything_? - No, Im free. A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do,解析：解此题的关键信息是No, Im fr

16、ee.答案为 . 如果将题干改成 -Do you have anything _ ? -Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself. A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do 答案又选哪个呢? 答案为 .,A,B,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told,解析 句子“but he meant no harm”所提供的信息是“Tom

17、已经把你的秘密告诉了我”，故答案为 。,A,如果 没有这个有效信息，则B 也成立。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,6.逆向思维法 逆向思维法是一种创造性的思维方法，它冲破了固有的思维定式。运用它来解题，可收到意想不到的效果。 _can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although hard work C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard,解析：当一些副词或短语在句首作状语时，后面的句子要倒装。反过来，由题干中的倒装可确定 为正确答案。,C,高考英语单项选择题解题技

18、巧,7.标点提示法 标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。比如句中逗号可以提示非限制性定语从句或非谓语动词作状语等。标点符号可以帮助考生确定做单项填空题时从哪个角度入手。 When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _“Sorry to miss you; will can late.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading,解析：空格之前有逗号，首先可排除read和reads两个谓语动词。to read为不定式短语，作目的状语时，一般不能与主句隔开，而且此处既非表示目的，也非表示结果。,

19、只有reading在句中作伴随状语,符合题意,故D为最佳答案。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_, of course, made the others unhappy. A. whoB. which C. thisD. what,解析：of course是插入语。空白处之前的逗号表明，空白处需要和非限制性定语从句，因此要选关系代词which来代替前面整个句子的意思，并且作从句的主语。而选项C和D不能引导非限制性定语从句，选项A不符合题意。B为最佳答案。,高考英语单项选择题解题技

20、巧,8. 情景交际法 情景交际题几乎每年都考，旨在考查考生在交际的特定环境中语言运用的得体性(语用能力)。因此，考生一定要领悟试题题干内涵，准确把握语境，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握不同民族的交际习惯方式，才能选出正确的答案。 -Hi, havent seen you for ages! You look fine! -_.You look well, too. A. GreatB. ThanksC. Oh, noD. Not at all,解析：中国人比较谦虚内向，而英美人比较外向，,所以应选B。C和D是中式表达。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,I didnt know this was a

21、 one way street, officer. _ A. Thats all right. B.I dont believe you. C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but thats no excuse.,分析:你有可能选了B、C项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案应该是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择 。,D,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-Waiter! -_. -I cant eat this. Its too salty. A. Y

22、es, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?,解析 根据前后句提供的信息可知该题含义是：顾客用餐对菜肴的味道不满意，叫服务员前来服务。All right?和Pardon?显然不符合语境。What?从字面意义来看，是中文式的表达。按英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是Yes, sir?而且要用升调，故 是最佳答案。,A,6. I used to earn _than a pound a week when I first started work. A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less 7. You look very ti

23、red _at all last night? No, not really. Im so tired out now. A. Did you sleep D. Had you slept C. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping 8.She was educated at Bejing University, _She went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that,5 D. less,7. You look v

24、ery tired _at all last night? No, not really. Im so tired out now. 5 A. Did you sleep D. Had you slept C. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping,1 A. after which,方 1.结构分析法 2.结构简化法 3.结构还原法 4.语境分析法 法 5.关键信息法 6.逆向思维法 7.标点提示法 8. 情景交际法,9.His plan was such a good one _we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C

25、. that D. as 10.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _it. A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of 11. Im terribly sorry that I made your table cloth dirty. _. A. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Thats right D. Sorry,9.His plan was such a good one _we all a

26、greed to accept it. A. so B. and 1 C. that D. as,10.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _it. 4/5 A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of,11. Im terribly sorry that I made your table cloth dirty. _. 8 A. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Thats right D. Sorr

27、y,方 1.结构分析法 2.结构简化法 3.结构还原法 4.语境分析法 法 5.关键信息法 6.逆向思维法 7.标点提示法 8. 情景交际法,12.The construction of the two new railway lines _by now. A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed 13.It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. acc

28、epting C. to accept D. accepted 14.With no one to _in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off D. turn over,12.The construction of the two new railway lines _by now. A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed 5 D. has been completed,14.Wi

29、th no one to _in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. 1 A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off D. turn over,方 1.结构分析法 2.结构简化法 3.结构还原法 4.语境分析法 法 5.关键信息法 6.逆向思维法 7.标点提示法 8. 情景交际法,15.According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread

30、of AIDS. A. the;不填B. the; the C. a; a D.不填;the 16.Only then _how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize 17.Faced with a bill for 10,000,_. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given john an extra job C. an extra job has been

31、taken D. an extra job has been given to John,16.Only then _how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized 6 D. did she realize,17.Faced with a bill for 10,000, _. A. John has taken an extra job 1/7 B. the boss has given john an extra job C. an extra job has

32、been taken D. an extra job has been given to John,方 1.结构分析法 2.结构简化法 3.结构还原法 4.语境分析法 法 5.关键信息法 6.逆向思维法 7.标点提示法 8. 情景交际法,15.According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread of AIDS. A. the;不填B. the; the C. a; a D.不填;the,18. He hurried to the b

33、ooking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 19.As you worked late yesterday, you _have come this morning. A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 20.This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, _. A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it m

34、ay cost C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost,18. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told 1/4 C. telling D. told,19.As you worked late yesterday, you _have come this morning. A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 4/5,20.This is

35、 a very interesting book. Ill buy it, _. A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost 4 D. how may it cost,方 1.结构分析法 2.结构简化法 3.结构还原法 4.语境分析法 法 5.关键信息法 6.逆向思维法 7.标点提示法 8. 情景交际法,6.- Could I use your computer for a few moments, please? - . Im not using it myself. A.

36、Come on B. It depends C. Go ahead D. Thats great 7.Though he started late. Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if _, Miss Liu. A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. better 8. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. ThatB. Which C. What D. As,C,A,C,9.As a resu

37、lt of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . A. need repairingB. needs to repair C. needs repairingD. need to repair 10. that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D

38、. So was her successful business 11.We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didnt quite . A. find out B. give out C. hand outD. work out,A,B,D,12.He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college. A. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind 13. I think he is taking an active

39、 part in social work. I agree with you _. A. in a wayB. on the way C. by the way D. in the way 14.I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. A. could B. must C. night D. should,D,A,D,15. that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. A. To have

40、said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 16.- There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? - No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; itD. it; it 17.In film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays _ man named Chuck Noland. A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D.

41、a; a,B,A,B,18.- when has the country been open to international trade? - 1978, I suppose. A. Since B. In C. From D. After 19.I there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. A. would beB. have been C. had beenD. will be 20.Today, well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of Eng

42、lish fail to use the language properly. A. whichB. asC. whyD. where,A,C,D,9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19.D 20.D 6. The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving 7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new _ repair