土方开挖方案(中英版本)

1、CONTENT:1. Project View2. Construction Arrangement3. Construction Process4. Quality Control5. Main Management Measure (HSE)一、工程概况1、工程名称：MD3住宅工程2、工程位置：越南胡志明市第七郡富美兴新城区。3、建设单位：富美兴联营公司。4、设计单位：中华太平洋建设咨询公司。5、监理单位：中华太平洋建设咨询公司。6、总承包单位：中国建筑（东南亚）有限公司。7、工程设计概况：7.1建筑功能及规模：该工程为住宅工程；总建筑面积为181,286m2，其中地上为154,863m2

2、，地下室为26,423m2。占地面积为26,479 m2。上部塔楼包括：B1，B2,B3栋24层；C1，C2栋21层；D1，D2，E1，E2栋16层。地下室为一层，为停车场。7.2标高：0.000相当于绝对高程2.300m；GF室内地坪：1.15m；地下室底板面标高为-3.150m；原地面平均标高为-0.2m。建筑物总高度：B1，B2,B3栋83.15m；C1，C2栋72.65m；D1，D2，E1，E2栋56.75m。7.3结构类型：B栋为框架剪力墙结构。C，D，E栋为剪力墙结构7.4基础形式：桩承台基础。8、基坑开挖深度：本工程自然地坪绝对标高为1.72.8m，基坑开挖平均深度为3.6m。最

3、大开挖深度8.0m。9、施工难度：1）地下室结构施工为本工程的施工重点和难点，软土地基，面积大，工期紧，设备和劳动力投入多。2）土方施工又是地下室施工的重点。本工程最大开挖深度为-8.0m，平均开挖深度为-3.6m。深基坑处采用钢板桩挡土，型钢做内支撑；浅基坑处才用钢板桩挡土。其中，钢板桩需求量大，约为2300吨，保障供应是关键。3）地下室施工面积大，要合理地划分施工区段，确保人，材，机的投入，以保证地下室施工按期完成。4）地下室施工正值雨季，防雨和排水措施必须合理安排、布置，尽量减少雨季对施工的影响。1. Project View1. Project name: RESIDENTIAL DE

4、VELOPMENT MD3-2&32. Project address: Vietnam HCMC District 7 PHU MY HUNG.3. Owner: PHU MY HUNG Company4. Design Unit: Sino Pacific Consultancy Company5. Supervision Unit: Sino Pacific Consultancy Company6. Main Contractor: China Construction Engineering Corporation (S.E.A)7. General Construction Vie

5、w:7.1 Architectural function and scale: This project is resident project, which building area is 181,286m2. The superstructure area is 154,863m2 and the basement area is 26,423m2. The covering area of it is 26,479 m2. The tower building includes: B1, B2, B3 are 24 floor; C1,C2 are 21 floor; D1,D2,E1

6、,E2 are 16 floor. The basement of this project is 1 floor, which is parking lot. 7.2 Level: 0.000 equals to absolute elevation 2.300m; GF building ground elevation: 1.15m; Basement bottom floor level is -3.150m; Original mean ground level is -0.2m.The total height of building: B1, B2, B3 are 83.15m;

7、 C1, C2 are 72.65m; D1, D2, E1, E2 are 56.75m.7.3 Structure type: Building B is frame-shear wall structure. Building C, D, E are shear wall structure.7.4 Foundation form: Pile cap foundation8. Depth of excavation: This project natural floor absolute level is 1.72.8m, average excavation is 3.6m , the

8、 deepest excavation is 8.0m. 9. Construction Difficulty1).Basement structure construction is the key and the difficulty of this project, soft foundation, large area, schedule is tense, more equipment and labor should be input.2).Earthwork is the key of basement construction. The most depth of excava

9、tion is -8.0m. Average excavation depth is -3.6m.We use steel sheet pile to retaining and H-beam steel as support system in deep foundation. We use steel sheet pile to retaining in shallow foundation. The demanded quantity of steel sheet pile is very large of which is 1000t, and we should ensure the

10、 supply.3) The construction area of basement is large, should divide the construction area properly. Ensure the workers, material and equipment input and the complete the basement on schedule.4) The construction of basement meet rainy period. We should arrange the waterproof and drainage properly to

11、 reduce the effect of rainy period. 二、施工部署1、土方开挖前的准备工作：1）场地平整：要求场地标高在-0.200m。2）临时道路铺设，用happy valley项目的建筑垃圾回填，平整，压实，保证运土路线畅通；道路标高约在-0.200m。3）基坑周边及基坑内部排水和临时供电布置。基坑外侧设置明沟排水，水排至靠近河边处雨水管中；基坑内侧设置明沟和集水井，通过水泵将坑内积水排到坑外排水沟，排出场外。4）洗车池要在土方开挖前完成，所有出场的运土车必须进过洗车，以保周边道路干净整洁。5）测量控制网的布置6）基坑观测点的布置。采用两种方式进行观测：第一种方式为测斜管

12、观测，此方案正在设计中，在2014年6月13日前将提交详细方案。第二种方式为木桩观测，即在坡顶，坡脚和基坑底部设置木桩，每半天观测木桩的沉降和位移情况。7）MD4堆砂场地回填布置和要求8）土方开挖方案交底会9）挖机司机和运土车司机安全培训10）挖土工人安全培训2、土方开挖顺序：浅基坑开挖顺序：第一施工段C2，E1，D2，开挖至-2.70m（局部-4.20m）；第二施工段C1，D1，E2，开挖至-2.70m（局部-4.20m）；第三施工段B1，B2，B3，开挖至-2.70m（局部-4.20m）；深基坑（电梯井处）开挖顺序：第一施工段C2，E1，D2，开挖至-8.00/-7.45m；第二施工段C1

13、，D1，E2，开挖至-8.00/-7.45m；第三施工段B1，B2，B3，开挖至-8.00m。深基坑处结构完成，钢板桩拔除后，浅基坑开挖顺序：第一施工段C2，E1，D2，开挖至-3.60m；第二施工段C1，D1，E2，开挖至-3.60m；第三施工段B1，B2，B3，开挖至-3.60m.3、开挖设备和钢板桩施工设备土方开挖时拟采用6台斗容量0.70.9m3反铲挖土机，12台斗容量0.50.3m3反铲挖土机；深基坑开挖时，采用3台台斗容量0.5m3长臂反铲挖土机；48辆10m3运土车进行施工。钢板桩施工采用5台打桩机进行施工（其中1台备用）。2. Construction arrangement1

14、. Preparation before the excavation:1). Site leveling: require site level is -0.200m. 2).Arrange and lay out the excavation road, use the rubbish of Happy Valley to backfill, make flat and compacting. Ensure the smooth of transporting the soil. The road level is -0.200m.3). The temporary electric ar

15、rangement of around foundation and inside foundation. Install the ditch to drain outside the foundation, the water is drained to the pipe near the river. Set up the ditch and sump pit inside the foundation. Drain the water of inside foundation to the outside foundation ditch through water pump.4). W

16、ashing bay must be completed before the excavation, all vehicles transport the soil outside must pass the washing bay to make sure the clean of around road.5). Survey control point arrangement6). Observation point of foundation arrangement. We use two methods to do the observation: The first method

17、is inclinometer casing. This method is being designed, we will supply the detailed plan before 13/6/2014. The second method is timber pile observation. We set the timber piles at the top, base of slope and foundation bottom. We observe the settlement and displacement of timber piles 2 times a day.7)

18、. MD4 soil backfill arrangement and requirement8). Excavation method meeting9). Safety training of excavator and dumping car drivers10). Safety training of excavation workers2. Excavation steps:Shallow foundation excavation step: First step C2,E1,D2 excavate to the -2.70m( part of them is -4.20m); S

19、econd step C1,D1,E1 excavate to -2.70m ( part of them is -4.20m); Third step B1,B2,B3 excavate to -2.70m ( part of them is -4.20m); Third step B1,B2,B3 Deep foundation (Elevator) excavation step: First step C2, E1, D2 excavate to -8.00m/-7.45m;Second step C1, D1.E2 excavate to -8.00m/-7.45m; Third s

20、tep B1, B2, B3 excavate to -8.00mDeep foundation structure completed, after pulling out the steel sheet ,the shallow foundation excavation step: First step C2,E1,D2 excavate to -3.60m; Second step C1,D1,E2 excavate to -3.60m; Third step B1,B2,B3 excavate to -3.60m.3. Excavation equipment and steel s

21、heet pile construction equipmentUse 6 sets 0.70.9m3 excavator, 12 sets 0.30.5m3 excavators when start the excavation work. When constructing the deep foundation excavation, use 3 sets 0.5m3 long-arm excavators and 48 sets 10m3 trucks. Use 5 sets sheet pile driver when constructing the steel sheet pi

22、les (1 reserved)三、施工操作工艺1、土方开挖工程1.1完成测量控制网的设置，包括控制基线、轴线和水准基点。场地平整进行方格网桩的布置和标高测设，计算挖填土方量，对建筑物做好定位轴线的控制测量和校核；进行土方工程的测量定位放线，并经检查复核无误后，作为施工控制的依据。1.2合理安排机械进出场和土方运输线路，保护好临时供水供电线路。1.3机械挖土分四大步进行：第一步挖至-2.70m（分两层开挖：第一层开挖至-1.20m，第二层开挖至-2.70m）；保留部分回填，用做修路。第二步局部开挖至-4.20m（在-2.70标高处设置宽度8m的平台，小型挖机在此平台上，开挖至-4.20m）。采

23、用“接力挖土法”，即一台大挖机在基坑边-1.20m处，一台小型挖机在基坑内-2.70m，宽度为8m的平台上，小型挖机可开挖至-4.20m，同时转土给大挖机，由大挖机装车，再由车运至弃土地点。机械开挖不到之处，再配以人工开挖、找平；第三步在电梯井周边打钢板桩，做支撑，然后采用长臂挖机由-4.20m开挖至-8.00m。基底应预留20cm土层人工清底找平，从而避免超挖和基底土遭受扰动；第四步在完后电梯井基础结构，拔除周边钢板桩后，将底板剩余部分开挖至-3.60m。土方开挖完成。土方开挖的平面图及剖面图详见土方开挖施工图1.4当第一，二步土方开挖完成后，在边坡顶部，中部，底部及基坑内侧设置基坑观测点，

24、测量人员每半天测量一下，检查基坑边坡稳定性。1.5当土方开挖完成后，测量人员要立即放出基底边线，进行基槽验收。基槽验收合格后开始由人工挖除20cm预留土体，用尺量好50cm标准尺杆，随时校核基底标高。并在清理好的基底上放好基坑边线。基槽平整好后，应立即进行垫层等下道工序施工。1.6在软土地基，进入基坑要铺设道路。坑面、坑底排水系统要保持良好。1.7防止地下水及雨水浸泡坑底，沿基坑边30cm外预留50cm宽临时排水沟，且在转角处设临时积水坑，每一坑内配备一台抽水泵，随时抽出坑内积水。为防止地表水进入基坑，在基坑外围靠基坑0.5m处用四孔砖砌筑100mm宽，300mm高拦水坝，以防雨水等流入基坑。

25、坡面采用彩条布覆盖。防止雨水冲刷。2、土方回填工程2.1回填前应清除基底上草皮、杂物、树根和淤泥，排除积水，并在四周设截水沟，防止地面水流入填方区或基坑，浸泡地基，造成基土下陷。2.2宜优先采用回填砂，并清除其中有机杂质和粒径大于50mm的颗粒，含水量应符合要求。2.3回填土分层摊铺和夯压实，每层铺土厚度和压实遍数根据土质、压实系数和机具性能而定。2.4回填时从最底处开始，由下而上整个宽度水平分层均匀铺填土料和夯实。深浅坑相连时，先填深坑，填至与浅基坑相同标高后与浅坑全面分层填夯。如分段填筑，交接成阶梯形，梯形的高宽比一般为1：2。分层交接处错开，上下层接缝距离不小于1.0m。墙基及管道回填在

26、两侧用细土同时回填夯实。2.5人工回填打夯前将填土初步整平，打夯按一定方向进行，一夯压半夯，夯夯相接，行行相连，两遍纵横交叉，分层打夯。夯实基槽及地坪时，行夯路线由四边开始，然后再夯向中间。用蛙式打夯机等小型机具夯实时，打夯之前对填土初步整平，打夯机依次夯打，均匀分开，不留间隙。2.6回填土每层填土夯实后，应按规范规定进行环刀取样，测出干土的质量密度；达到要求后，再进行上一层的铺土。2.7雨天不宜进行回填施工，必须施工时，分段尽快完成，且宜采用沙土等填料，周围有防雨和排水措施。3、桩处理方法3.1 根据桩基完工资料，认真检查所有桩的顶标高。严格控制挖机的开挖深度，避免损坏桩头。3.2土方开挖中

27、，出现桩头后，立即对桩位，桩倾斜度和裂缝进行检查，记录。同时与桩基完工资料对比。3.3 桩周边50cm的土，必须由人工挖除，不得使用挖机，避免损坏桩头。3.4 切割桩高度，每次不超过2m；切割时，必须将桩全部切断，然后在转运到指定场地。为防止桩头损坏，严禁用挖机强行将未切断的桩头拉倒。3.5 桩处理原则：1）对于倾斜度在03%范围内的桩，按照正常桩施工。对有裂缝的桩要设置钢筋笼，钢筋笼底部超过裂缝位置2.0m，并浇筑砼。2) 对于倾斜度大于3%的桩，要将资料提供给设计部，业主。然后按照设计部提供的方案进行处理。3）对于偏位的桩，要将承台加大。桩偏位的尺寸即为承台加大的尺寸。3. Constru

28、ction Process1. Excavation1.1 After finishing the survey control point arrangement, which including the control base line, axis and bench mark. Calculate the earthwork volume. Control survey and check the axis of building, after checking this will be the basis of construction control.1.2 Arrange the

29、 machines go inside and outside the site and earthwork transportation route properly. Protect the temporary water and power supply.1.3 Excavation steps:First step excavate to -2.70m (divide the excavation into two layers: first layer excavate to -1.20m, second layer excavate to -2.70m); Retain some

30、soil to backfill and use it to build the road.Second step parts of it excavate to-4.20m (Set the width of 8m platform at -2.70m level position, small excavator on this platform and excavate to -4.20m). Use “Relay excavation method”, 1 big excavator at -1.20m position of foundation side and 1 small e

31、xcavator at -2.700m on the width of 8m platform. Small excavator can excavate to -4.20m, at the same time transfer the soil to big excavator, load in the car by big excavator and transported to spoil location. The position excavator cannot touch, cooperated with manpower to excavate and make flat.Th

32、ird step piling the steel sheet pile around the lift pit, do the support system and use long-arm excavator to excavate from -4.20m to -8.00m. The bottom foundation should 20cm soil layer for worker to clean and make flat to avoid the over excavation and disturbance of base foundation.Forth step, aft

33、er finishing the lift pit foundation structure, remove the around steel sheet pile. Excavate left part of bottom slab to -3.60m. Excavation step finished.For excavation plan and section, please refer to the excavation method drawings. 1.4 After finishing excavation step 1 and 2, set the observation

34、point at the top, middle, bottom of slope and inside the foundation. Surveyors should survey 2 times 1 day to check the stability of foundation slope.1.5 After finishing excavation, surveyor must set the base line and inspect the foundation ditch. After foundation ditch inspection qualified, workers

35、 excavate 20cm reserved soil. Use the ruler measure the 50cm standard rod, check the base foundation elevation at any time. Set the foundation side line on the base foundation. After leveling the foundation ditch, carry out the construction cushion etc. next step immediately.1.6 Set the road passing

36、 into the foundation on the soft soil. Maintain the surface and base of foundation drainage system.1.7 Prevent the basement water and rain water soak the base foundation. Reserve 50cm wide temporary drainage ditch along the side foundation outside 30cm. Set the sump pit at the corner, set one water

37、pump at 1 foundation pit and pump the water of inside foundation. Prevent the surface water go inside the foundation pit, should use the 4-hole bricks set the 100mm wide,300mm high dams outside the foundation 0.5m.Use the color cloth cover the slope to prevent rainfall.1.8 Excavation in layers, divi

38、de surface sand and mud to load in to cars. The backfill sand transported to MD4 , the mud transported outside. The backfill sand and mud mixed in the cars in not allowed. 2. Backfilling of earthwork2.1 Clean the rubbish and mud before backfilling and set cut-off drain around to prevent surface wate

39、r pass inside the backfill area of foundation to soak foundation, which will cause foundation settlement.2.2 Should first use the backfill sand, clean the organic impurities and grain size larger than 50mm sand, the water content should meet the requirement.2.3 Backfill sand should be spread in laye

40、rs and compacted, every spreading soil thickness and compaction times should according to the soil quality, compacting factor and equipment capability.2.4 Backfill from the base, from base to top the hole wide horizontal spread and compact soil evenly. When deep and shallow foundation links, first b

41、ackfill the deep pit until the same level as shallow pit and then fill. Compact comprehensively. For example, filling segment forming step shape, the slope of it is 1:2. Layer junction should be staggered; the upper and lower layer junction should not less than 1.0m. Use fine soil to backfill both s

42、ide the base wall and pipe.2.5 Make flat the backfill sand before the backfilling and compacting, ramming according to a certain direction, 1 compaction and half compaction, one by one, row by row, cross twice and compact in layer. When compacting the foundation pit and ground, the compaction way sh

43、ould start from the around side to the center. When using small equipment such as frog ramming machine to compact, level the backfilling before compacting, tamping machine should ramming in turn, evenly separate and leaving no gaps.2.6 After backfilling and compacting the soil, should do the cutting

44、 ring sampling according to the specification to measure the mass density of dry soil. When meeting the requirement, then spread the upper layer soil. 3. Piles treatment3.1 We should check all the top elevation of piles according to the pile completion data. And strictly control the excavation depth

45、 of excavator, avoid damaging the pile head.3.2 Check and record the pile position, pile inclination, and crack 3.3 The soil 50cm around the pile must be excavated by workers. Cannot use the excavator, avoid damaging the pile head.3.4 For the cutting pile height, every time should not more than 2m.

46、We must cut all the piles and transfer to the specified site. Excavators are forbidden to pulled down the pile head which hasnt been cut to prevent the pile head damage.3.5 Pile treatment principles:1) For the inclination of pile in the range of 03%, we constructed the piles normally. We should set

47、the rebar case for the piles which have cracks. The bottom of rebar case should 2.0m deeper than the crack position, and pour the concrete.2) For the inclination of pile more than 3%, we should provide the data to the designers and the owners. Then treat it according to the method which is provided

48、by the designers.3) For the piles which are deviated, we should enlarge the pile cap. The pile deviation dimension is the pile cap enlargement dimension.四、质量控制1、土方开挖工程质量验收标准 项序检查项目允许偏差或允许值（mm）检验方法柱基基坑基槽挖方场地平整管沟地（路）面基层人工机械主控项目1标高-503050-50-50水准仪检查2长度、宽度（由设计中心线向两边量）+200-50+300-100+500-150+100-经纬仪、用钢尺量

49、3边坡设计要求本工程为水泥土搅拌桩重力式挡墙一般项目1表面平整度2020502020用两米靠尺和楔形塞尺检查。2基底土性设计要求观察或土样分析2、土方回填工程质量验收标准 项序检查项目允许偏差或允许值（mm）检验方法柱基基坑基槽挖方场地平整管沟地（路）面基层人工机械主控项目1标高-503050-50-50水准仪检查2分层压实系数设计要求按规定方法一般项目1回填土料设计要求取样检查或直观鉴别2分层厚度及含水量设计要求水准仪及抽样检查3表面平整度2020302020用靠尺或水准仪4. Quality Control1. Earthwork excavation quality acceptance

50、 criteriaItem NoInspection Item Allowable deviation（mm）Inspection methodColumn baseFoundation pitFoundation ditchThe excavation site formationPipe ditchThe ground (road) baseManual workMechanicalDominant Item 1Level-503050-50-50Check by level2Length, Width(From the design center line to both sides)+

51、200-50+300-100+500-150+100-Theodolite and steel ruler3SlopeDesign requirementThis project is Cement soil mixing pile gravity type retaining wallGeneral Item 1Surface Evenness2020502020Check by two-meter ruler and wedge plug ruler2Basement soil characterDesign requirementCheck by observation or analy

52、sis of soil sample2. Earthwork backfilling quality acceptance criteriaItemNoInspection ItemAllowable deviation（mm）Inspection methodColumn baseFoundation pitFoundation ditchThe excavation site formationPipe ditchThe ground (road)baseManual workMechanicalDominant Item1Level-503050-50-50Check by level2

53、Layering compacting factorDesign requirementAccording to prescribed methodGeneral Item1Backfilling soilDesign requirementSampling inspection or visual identification2Layering thickness and water contentDesign requirementCheck by level and sampling3Surface evenness2020302020Ruler or level五、主要管理措施1、安全

54、管理及防护技术措施1.1基坑的防护1.1.1土方开挖要察看市政资料弄清地下管网等，必要时探明情况后再行开挖。1.1.2在距离坑边2.0m周围用48钢管设置两道护身栏杆，立杆间距4m，高出自然地坪1.5m，埋深0.5m。基坑上口边3m范围内不许堆土、堆料和停放机具。各施工人员严禁翻跃护身栏杆。基坑施工期间设警示牌，夜间加设红色灯标志。1.2设立专职安全员，定人定时对土体水平位移、地表沉降监测，发现问题及时通知设计、建设、监理等单位，共同解决。1.3在土方开挖时，挖土机等施工机械，严禁碰撞基坑内桩基。1.4多台挖土机在同一作业面机械开挖，挖土机间距应大于10m；多台挖土机在不同台阶同时开挖时，上下

55、台挖机前后应相距30m以上。1.5基坑外施工人员不得向基坑内乱扔杂物，向基坑下传递工具时要接稳后再松手。1.6坑下人员休息时要远离基坑边，以防不慎。1.7施工机械一切听从指挥，所有车辆必须严格按规定的路线行驶，防止撞车。人员尽量远离施工机械，挖土机工作回转半径范围内不得站人或进行其他作业。如有必要，先通知操作人员，待回应后方可接近。1.8挖土机和运土车行走时，必须注意上空电线，不得在架空输电线路下工作；如在架空输电线一侧工作时，垂直与水平距离分别不得小于2.5m与46m（110220kV时）。1.9夜间作业，机上及工作地点必须有充足的照明设施，在危险地段应设置明显的警示标志和护栏。1.10雨季

56、施工，车辆行驶道路必须铺设完好，路边做好排水，以保证行车安全。2、环境保护或环境卫生管理措施。2.1防止扬尘及大气污染措施2.1.1土方由合格的运输单位施工，并签订运输合同，在合同中明确公司的环境要求。在现场出入口设专人清洗车轮，并拍实车上土或严密遮盖，运载工程土方最高点不超过车厢上沿50cm，边缘不高于车厢上沿。2.1.2用于工程预留的回填土，为防止扬尘，采取喷洒覆盖的方法；2.1.3对施工道路铺设砼预制板，在出口处设置洗车池，并设专人负责；2.1.4在现场设置一辆洒水车，安排专人负责，根据现场情况对现场进行洒水，防止扬尘；2.2防止水污染措施临时厕所设置化粪池，污水经化粪池过滤、沉淀后排入

57、市政污水管线。2.3防止噪声污染措施2.3.1建立健全控制认为噪声的管理制度；2.3.2噪声值监测执行建筑施工场界噪声测量方法（GB12524），土石方施工阶段昼间不超过75分贝，夜间不超过55分贝，并且经常测试（6：0022：00为昼间，22：006：00为夜间）。2.4现场环境卫生管理2.4.1施工现场设专人负责整理、保持现场整洁卫生。做到施工现场无积水、车辆不带泥沙出现场。每天派人洒水清扫施工道路，绿化、美化施工现场；2.4.2指定专人每天清理办公区，保证清洁卫生，做到无积水、无污物；2.5做好施工现场环境保护的监督检查工作，每月初、月中和月末对环境各项工作进行一次检查，对存在的问题及时采取纠正和预防措施，并做好文字记录和存档工作。3、防止扰民措施本工程地处FV医院附近，为确保正常的施工秩序，尽量减少对周围办公、生活的影响，制定如下措施：3.1施工现场提倡文明施工，建立健全控制人为噪声的管理制度，尽量减