中考英语语法-被动语态专题复习课件.ppt

1、被动语态,中考英语专项复习,Passive voice,徐敏,学习目标,1.掌握被动语态的用法 2.掌握如何将主动语态变成 被动语态 3.变被动语态时须注意哪些问题,英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态,A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者（即动作的执行者）。宾语是谓语动词的对象(即动作的承受者)。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的 对象)。 被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be动词过去分词,什么时候要用被动语态呢？,在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： 不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态,各种时态的主动语态和

2、被动语态谓语结构对照表,重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态。,动词不定式的被动结构：,动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： ( )The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt,C,need +v-ing意为“需要被.”,相当于need to be 过去分词。,( )-Jim, the floor is so dirty. It needs _. -OK, Mom,Ill do it now. A. sweep B.

3、 cleaning C. cleaned D. be swept,B,主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：,We clean our classroom every day.主动语态,Our classroom,is cleaned,主语,谓语,宾语,by us,every day.,结构：主动语态：主语谓语宾语,被动语态：,主语,be +过去分词,by+宾语,即: “主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动。” (注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语),被动语态,主语,谓语,宾语,把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。时态体现在be动词的形式上，且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在

4、时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,注意：,主动语态变被动语态的方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： 变-把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 套-根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意-注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：Many people speak English. English _ by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes _by h

5、im yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一变,二套,三注意,在被动语态中要注意的问题：,一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，一定带to。如： A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. (变被动语态) The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. B.I saw him enter the house. 变被动语态

6、 He was seen to enter the house by me. C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. (变被动语态) They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.,(一),当使用see/hear/watch sb do sth.时，变为被动语态时，do 前要带to。 而当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：,1. We hear her sing in the

7、 room every day.（变被动语态） She _ in the room every day.,2. I saw him going into the shop.(主动语态) He _ into the shop.(被动语态),to sing,was seen going,is heard,使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,在被动语态中要注意的问题：（二）,含双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，可将指人的间接宾语提前做被动语态的主语；也可把后面指物的直接宾语提前做主语，但此时要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 (主动语态)give/pass/bring/write/tell/sh

8、ow sth. to sb. (被动语态)sth. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown to sb. 或sb. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown sth. (主动语态)buy/make/get/cook sth. for sb. (被动语态)sth. be bought/made/got/cooked for sb. 或sb. be bought/made/got/cooked sth.,汉译英：去年我过生日时姐姐给了我一块手表。,(1) My sister _ for my birthday las

9、t year. (2) A watch _ by my sister for my birthday last year. (3) I _ by my sister for my birthday last year.,gave me a watch,gave a watch to me,/,was given to me,was given a watch,在被动语态中要注意的问题：（三）,汉译英：我们国家把老人照顾得很好。 Old people _ in our country.,are taken good care of,也可填 are looked after well,在主动语态中

10、某些谓语动词是短语动词，要将短语动词视为一个整体，变为被动语态时我们不能丢掉其后的介词或副词。,在被动语态中要注意的问题：（四）,(1)这几年,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。Great changes _ in my hometown over the years. (2)吉姆昨天发生了车祸。 _ (3)如果你努力的话，你会实现梦想的。If you work hard, your dream will _. (4)他的新书上个月出版了。 His new book_.,谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义,have taken place,A car accident happened to Jim ye

11、sterday.,come true,came out last month,1. 有些不及物动词和短语无被动语态，用主动语态表达被动的意思。如：happen, take place, come true, come out, last, run out(用完)等。翻译句子：,(1). This pen _. 这支笔好写。 (2). The jeans_ . 这条牛仔裤好洗。 (3). The apples _ and _ . 这些苹果闻起来很香，卖得好/好卖。 (4). Everything _ in spring. 春季万物都生长得很好。,2.少数动词后面有副词well 的时候也不用被动语

12、态 。 （ 如：write well , wash well , sell well , grow well ） 系动词也不用于被动语态。（如：look看起来，sound听起来，feel摸起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来）,writes well,wash well,sell well,grows well,（不用is written）,（不用 are washed）,smell good,汉译英：这家商店早晨八点开始营业，晚上十点停止营业。,The shop _ at 8 oclock a.m. and _ at ten p.m.,opens,closes,注意：open 与 clo

13、se,1. be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态） (=be used for doing sth.) use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事（主动语态） 2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 3.be / get used to doing sth.习惯做某事,注意辨析:,1.她过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步，但是现在她习惯在家看电视。(汉译英),But now she _ at home after supper. 2.这把刀可以用来削苹果。(汉译英) The knife _ apples.,used to walk along,is used

14、 to watching TV,can be used to cut,或can be used for cutting,She _ the road after supper.,同义句：,将这个句子改为主动语态：,In the past, she usually _ the road after supper.,walked along,We can use the knife to cut apples.,Exercise,1. get / have sth. +过去分词 “使某事物被.”,汉译英： (1).不应该允许16岁的青少年扎耳洞。 Sixteen-year-olds shouldn

15、t _ get their ears _. (2).我昨天理发了。 I have my hair _ yesterday.,pierced,be allowed to,cut,（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：,2. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事3. be regarded as .被视为.4. be covered with sth. 被.覆盖5. be filled with sth.装满/充满.6. be made of sth.由制成（发生物理变化） be made from sth.由制成（发生化学变化）7. Its said that.据说.8. Its w

16、ell-known that.众所周知.,（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：,单项选择： ( ) 1.-Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _ . A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited ( ) 2.-This yard is so clean today and everything looks fine. - I didnt notice that. Its clear someone _ it. A. is cleaning B. is clean

17、ed C. has cleaned D. had cleaned ( ) 3.Its said that a bridge _ over the river soon. A. will be built C. is being built C. has been built D. was built,D,C,Exercise,A,D,B,C,( ) 4.Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame (责备) you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expe

18、cted D. were expected ( )5.-Did you have any problems if you _ five minutes to read? -Well, Im thinking about the new words. There are too many. A. give B. are given C. will be given D. will give ( )6.-I feel very happy that I _ to be the host. -Conguatulations! A.choose B.am chosen C.was chosen D.haven chosen ( )7.-The box is too heavy to carry.Whats in it? -Oh, it is _ books. A.filled with B.covered with C.used for D.asked for,A,( )8. -If you stand on the top of the mountain, many things around _ clearly. -I think so. A.can be B.will see C.can be seen D.is seen ( )9.Its true that knowledg