花卉学作业PPT演示文档

.,花卉介绍之百合篇,.,春去无芳可得寻，山丹最晚出幽林。花似鹿葱还耐久，叶如芍药不多深。 宋杨万里,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,百合（百合科 百合属植物）,.,又名强蜀、番韭、山丹、倒仙、重迈、中庭、摩罗、重箱、中逢花、百合蒜、大师傅蒜、夜合花等。,被子植物门单子叶植物纲百合目 百合科百合属,多年生草本球根植物，原产于中国，主要分布在亚洲东部、欧洲、北美洲等北半球温带地区，全球已发现有至少120个品种，其中55种产于中国。,百合简介,近年更有不少经过人工杂交而产生的新品种，如亚洲百合、香水百合、火百合等。鳞茎含丰富淀粉，可食，亦作药用。,.,目录,CONTENTS,形态特征,生长环境,地理分布,繁殖,栽培技术,01,02,03,04,05,06,品种分类,07,主要价值,08,花语,一、形态特征,多年生草本，株高70150厘米。根分为肉质根和纤维状根两类。茎直立，圆柱形，常有紫色斑点，无毛，绿色。,.,形态特征,鳞茎球形，淡白色，先端常开放如莲座状，由多数肉质肥厚、卵匙形的鳞片聚合而成。,.,形态特征,花大、多白色、漏斗形，单生于茎顶。,.,形态特征,珠芽和籽球均可用来繁殖。叶片总数可多于100张，互生，无柄，披针形至椭圆状披针形，全缘，叶脉弧形。,.,形态特征,种子多数，卵形，扁平。6月上旬现蕾，7月上旬始花，7月中旬盛花，7月下旬终花，果期710月。,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,二、生长环境,喜凉爽，较耐寒。高温地区生长不良。喜干燥，怕水涝。对土壤要求不严，但在土层深厚、肥沃疏松的砂质壤土中，鳞茎色泽洁白、肉质较厚。粘重的土壤不宜栽培。根系粗壮发达，耐肥。,.,生长环境,春季出土后要求充足的氮素营养及足够的磷钾肥料，N：P：K=1：0.8：1，肥料应以有机肥为主。忌连作，34年轮作一次，前作以豆科、禾本科作物为好。,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,主产于湖南、四川、河南、江苏、浙江，全国各地均有种植，少部分为野生资源。,三、地理分布,.,四、繁殖,繁殖,有性繁殖,无性繁殖,鳞片繁殖,小鳞茎繁殖,珠芽繁殖,.,秋季将成熟的种籽采下。在苗床内播种，第二年秋季可产生小鳞茎。此法时间长，种性易变，生产上少用。,有性繁殖,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,秋季，选健壮无病、肥大的鳞片在1500的苯菌灵或克菌丹水溶液中浸30分钟，取出后阴干，基部向下，将 1/32/3鳞片插入有肥沃砂壤土的苗床中，密度34x15厘米，盖草遮荫保湿。约20天后，鳞片下端切口处便会形成12个小鳞茎。培育23年鳞茎可重达50克，每亩约需种鳞片100公斤，能种植大田15亩左右。,鳞片繁殖,.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,鳞片繁殖,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,百合老鳞茎的茎轴上能长出多个新生的小鳞茎，收集无病植株上的小鳞茎，消毒后按行株距25厘米6厘米播种。经一年的培养，一部分可达种球标准（50克），较小者，继续培养一年再作种用。,小鳞茎繁殖,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,小鳞茎繁殖,.,We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,珠芽繁殖珠芽于夏季成熟后采收，收后与湿润细纱混合，贮藏在阴凉通风处。当年910月，在苗床上按1215厘米行距、深34厘米播珠芽，覆3厘米细土，盖草。,繁殖,.,病虫害防治.,田间管理,五、栽培技术,选地整田,收获加工,.,选地整地,应选择土壤肥沃、地势高爽、排水良好、土质疏松的砂壤土栽培。每亩施有机肥30004000公斤作基肥（或复合肥100公斤）。亩施5060公斤石灰（或50%地亚农0.6公斤）进行土壤消毒。整地精细，作高畦，宽幅栽培，畦面中间略隆起利于雨后排水。畦面宽3.5米左右，沟宽3040厘米，深4050厘米，以利排水；在丘陵地、坡地、地下水位低且排水通畅的地方，可采用平畦。,.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,田间管理,前期管理冬季选晴天进行中耕，晒表土，保墒保温。春季出苗前松土锄草，提高地温，促苗早发；盖草保墒。消灭杂草和防大雨冲刷，并不让表土板结。夏季应防高温引起的腐烂；天凉又要保温，防霜冻，并施提苗肥，促进百合的生长。,.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,田间管理,中、后期管理清沟排水。适时打顶，春季百合发芽时应保留其一壮芽，其余除去，以免引起鳞茎分裂。打顶后控制施氮肥。,.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,田间管理,追肥第1次是稳施腊肥，1月份，立春前，百合苗未出土时，结合中耕亩施人粪尿1000公斤左右，促发根壮根。第2次是重施壮苗肥，在4月上旬，当百合苗高1020厘米时，每亩施人畜粪水500公斤，发酵腐熟饼肥150250公斤，进中复合肥1015公斤，促壮苗。第3次是适施壮片肥，小满后于6月上中旬，开花、打顶后每亩施尿素15公斤，钾肥10公斤，促鳞片肥大。同时在叶面喷施02%的磷酸二氢钾。,.,叶枯,03,黑茎病,04,立枯,02,绵腐.,01,Option 01,Option 02,Option 03,Option 04,病虫害防治,常见病害,.,搞好种球消毒,清沟沥水,增施P、K肥,轮作换茬,清除杂草,病害防治,.,虫害防治,常见虫害有：蚜虫、金龟子幼虫、螨类。防治方法：清洁田园，铲除田间杂草，减少越冬虫口；发生期间喷杀灭菊脂2000倍液，或40%氧化乐果1500倍液，或50%马拉硫磷1000倍液，蚜虱净，大功臣。金龟子幼虫可用马拉硫磷、锌硫磷。螨类可用杀螨剂。,.,WHAT MAKES USDIFFERENT?,收获加工,剥片。即把鳞片分开，剥片时应把外鳞片、中鳞片和芯片分开。泡片。待水沸腾后，将鳞片放入锅内，及时翻动，510分钟，待鳞片边缘柔软，背部有微裂时迅速捞出，在清水中漂洗去粘液。晒片。将漂洗后的鳞片轻轻薄摊晒垫，使其分布均匀，待鳞片六成千时，在翻晒直至全干。,.,百合原种120有种左右，中国分布46种和18个变种，其中36种15个变种特有。用于园艺育种和栽培的有40-50种，用于商品化生产的只有20种左右，主要包括麝香百合，毛百合，卷丹，山丹，天香百合，药百合等。,六、品种分类,.,01,03,02,04,山丹百合Lilium pumilum,麝香百合L. longif forum Thunb,卷丹百合Lilium lancifolium,美丽百合Lilium speciosum,品种分类,.,又名卷丹、天盖百合、倒垂莲、虎皮百合、珍珠花、黄百合。因花色橙红，花瓣反卷，故名“卷丹”，又因花瓣上有紫黑色斑纹，很象虎背之花纹，故有虎皮百合之雅称。株高70100厘米，球茎肥大，色白。茎秆上着生黑紫色斑点。花夏季开放，常310朵不等，花色橙红色或砖黄色，花瓣较长，约912厘米，向外翻卷，花瓣上有紫黑色斑点。花头下垂，雄蕊向四面张开，花药紫色。,虎皮卷丹,.,虎皮卷丹,.,又名鹿子百合、艳红百合。鹿子百合原产中国江西省、浙江省、台湾，及日本九州、四国西南滨海地区，株高60100厘米。叶对生，宽而疏，故名大叶百合。茎上部开花数朵，花瓣向外反卷，雄蕊露出花瓣之外，花白色和淡红色，花瓣上布有玫瑰色花纹和斑点，状如鹿身上的斑纹，故有鹿子百合之美名。花色白者，称白鹿子百合。,美丽百合,.,美丽百合,.,山丹百合,又名山丹花、山丹丹、珊瑚百合、线叶百合、细叶百合。因叶细而多，花冠似珊瑚得名。株秆高3040厘米，茎上生叶5080厘米，细小纤弱，狭长如松叶。花春末夏初开放，花下垂，花瓣向外反卷，色鲜红，有光泽。鳞茎卵形或圆锥形，鳞片矩圆形或长卵形。地上茎高达6080厘米；有小乳头状突起，有的带紫色条纹。花期78月份，果熟期910月份。,.,山丹百合,.,麝香百合,又名铁炮百合、复活节百合，是花卉百合的代表品种，花朵纯白，筒状，横向开放。原产我国台湾。,.,麝香百合,.,营养价值,药用价值,观赏价值,七、主要价值,.,02百合冬瓜汤