3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计说明书毕业论文.doc

I摘要自由锻锤是利用冲击能量使金属产生塑性变形的锻压设备。由于其具有操作方便、功能性强、结构简单、造价低廉、打击能量大等特点，目前仍是我国锻造行业中锻件生产的主要加工设备。蒸汽锤是工厂中常见的一种锻锤，它是以蒸汽或压缩空气作为动力源，实现其锻造功能。但其能源利用率低，况且蒸汽锅炉能源消耗大，热效率低，环境污染严重，故障率高，属于淘汰设备。根据我国国情，将其改造为电液锤是最适宜的一种方法。改造可保留原有机架、砧座及其它基础设施，只需将原蒸汽锤气缸去掉，更换上电液锤驱动头即可。本设计主要进行了电液锤电气部分的设计，即根据3T电液锤的工作原理和控制要求，利用西门子S7-200系列PLC为主控元件进行并实现了控制系统的软硬件设计。该系统工作可靠，使用方便，操作简单，功能齐全。关键词：电液锤控制系统PLCIIAbstractTheforginghammeriscausesthemetalusingtheimpactenergytoproducetheplasticdeformationforgingandstampingequipment.Becauseithastheeaseofoperation,thefunctionalitystrongly,thestructuresimple,theconstructioncostinexpensive,theattackenergybigandsoonthecharacteristics,atpresentstillforgedthemainprocessingequipmentforourcountrywhichintheprofessiontheforgingproduced.Thesteamhammerisinthefactorythecommononekindofforginghammer,itistakesthepowersupplybythesteamorthecompressedair,realizesitsforgingfunction.Butitsenergyconsumesinabigway,thethermalefficiencyislow,theenvironmentalpollutionisserious,thefailurerateishigh,belongseliminatestheequipment.Accordingtoourcountrynationalcondition,itstransformationfortheelectricityliquidhammeristhemostappropriateonemethod.Thetransformationmayretaintheoriginalrack,theanvilandotherinfrastructure,onlymustremovetheoriginalsteamhammeraircylinder,exchangestheelectricityliquidhammertodrivetoinitiatethen.Thisarticlemainlyintroducedtheelectricityliquidhammerelectricitypartdesign,namely3Telectricityliquidhammerprincipleofworkandcontrolrequest.ElaboratedwestoffamilyhouseholdPLCisthemastercontrolpartcontrolsystemsoftwareandhardwaredesignrealizesandapplies,thissystemworkisreliable,theeasytooperate,theoperationissimple,thefunctioniscomplete.KeyWords：ele-hydraulichammercontrolsystemPLCIII目录摘要IAbstractII第1章改造的目的与背景.11.1改造的目的.11.2改造的背景.1第2章电气改造的总体设计.32.1总体设计思想.32.1.1设计目标、研究内容和拟解决的关键问题.32.1.2设计方案.3第3章三相异步电动机及低压电器的选择.43.1三相异步电动机的选择.43.2低压电器的选择.43.2.1低压断路器的选择.53.2.3接触器的选择.83.2.4热继电器的选择.103.2.5其它低压电器的选择.103.2.6电缆的选择.12第4章可编程控制器的选择与应用.134.1可编程控制器概述.134.1.1PLC的产生.134.1.2PLC的定义.144.1.3PLC的优点.154.1.4PLC的应用领域.164.2西门子S7-200系列PLC.174.2.1S7-200PLC概述.174.3S7-200PLC