led调光控制论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献

今年以来我们在上级党组织的领导和区精神文明办的关心支持指导下坚持以邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想为指导认真落实科学发展观led调光控制论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献篇一：基于PWM调光的智能多功能台灯设计外文翻译 本科毕业设计 （外文翻译） 题 目 基于PWM的智能多功能台灯设计 姓 名 韦洋 专 业自动化学 号 XX4XX指导教师曹 卫 锋 郑州科技学院电气工程学院 二一四年五月Intelligent lighting control system Abstract: Intelligent lighting control system the main aim is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of pre-set control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%. Keywords: Intelligent lighting control system bus-type star-shaped structure1 The advantages of the use of the intelligent lighting control system1.1 Good energy saving effectIntelligent lighting control system using the main purpose is to save energy, smart lighting control system with a variety of pre-set control mode and control components, at different times on different degrees of illumination for accurate set-up and rational management of energy-saving. This automatic adjustment of the illumination means, take full advantage of the natural outdoor light, only when necessary when the lamp or light to the required brightness, use the least energy to ensure that the required illumination level, energy-saving effect is very clear, usually ranging from more than 30%. In addition, the intelligent lighting control system for fluorescent lamp dimming control, etc., due to the use of a fluorescent active tunable filter electronic ballast technology and reduce the harmonic content, to improve the power factor and reduce the low-voltage reactive power loss.1.2 To extend the life span of light sourceLight source can not only extend the life savings, but also significantly reduce the workload of lamp replacement, reducing the operating costs of lighting systems, management and maintenance becomes simple. Both the thermal radiation source, or gas discharge light source, voltage fluctuations are a major cause of light damage. Therefore, the effective suppression of the fluctuations in voltage can extend the life of light sources. Intelligent lighting control system can successfully suppress the surge voltage power grid, but also have a voltage limit and the conjugate stream functions of filtering, to avoid over-voltage and under-voltage damage to the light. The use of soft-start and soft turn-off technology, to avoid the impact of current damage to the light. Through this method, the light source to extend the life span of usually 2 to 4 times.1.3 To improve the working environment improve efficiencyGood working environment is to improve the efficiency of a necessary condition. Good design and reasonable choice of light source, lamps and lighting quality control systems, can improve the quality of lighting. Intelligent lighting control system dimming control panel module to replace the traditional lighting of the level switch control is an effective way to control the overall room illumination value, thereby enhancing the uniformity of illumination. At the same time, this control method used in electrical components have also solved the stroboscopic effect, will not create uncomfortable, confused, feeling eyestrain.1.4 To achieve a variety of lighting effectsA wide range of lighting control, the same building can have a variety of artistic effect, for a lot of construction hyperchromic. Modern buildings, lighting is not simply to meet people on the visual effect of light and shade, they should have control of a variety of programs to make buildings more vivid, more artistic, giving a wealth of visual effects and aesthetics. As an example of a project, building theexhibition hall, lecture hall, lobby, atrium, etc., if with intelligent lighting control system, according to different times, different uses, different effects, using the corresponding pre-set scene control, can achieve the wealth of artistic effect.1.5 Facilitate the management of maintenanceIntelligent lighting control system for the control of lighting based on the automatic control of modular-based, supplemented by manual control, preset lighting scenes to the parameters stored in the EPROM Digital, these information is very convenient to set up and replaced, so that building lighting management and maintenance easier.1.6 Have a high economic rate of returnOur reference point for the Shanghai region, from energy-saving lights and provincial estimates of the two made a come to this conclusion: with three to five years, the owner can recover the basic intelligent lighting control system to increase the total costs. Intelligent lighting control system can improve the environment and improve employee productivity and reduce maintenance and management costs, but also for the owners to save a substantial amount of costs.2 Intelligent lighting control system componentsWe know that the intelligent lighting control system of building control system is onlyone part of the. If you want to focus on the various control systems to the control center to control, then the control system must have the standard communication interface and protocol version. Although such a system integration is feasible in theory, but it is very difficult to put into practice. Thus, in engineering, intelligent management of our building a distributed system, distributed, that is relatively independent of each control subsystem, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system control subsystem of the relative independence, self-contained, the implementation of specific control, intelligent building management system from the control subsystem is a signalcollection and monitoring role. At present, the intelligent lighting control system in accordance with sub-network topology, the following two forms, namely, bus and star-shaped structure-based hybrid. Both forms have the characteristics of a number of bus more flexibility, easy expansion, control of relative independence, lower costs; mixed some high reliability, fault diagnosis and rule out the simple, easy access to the agreement, transfer rate higher. Engineering design, we consider the building of intelligent lighting control system as an independent subsystem, use of international standards and agreements of the communication interface text, into the intelligent building management systems. Intelligent lighting control system uses a distributed, distribution-based approach,that is, the dimming control unit is relatively independent, self-contained,non-interfering, through centralized management and information interfaces, and intelligent building management system linked to the achievement of the building control center subsystem of the collection and monitoring of the signal. In short, the intelligent lighting control should be the main system is a centralized management, and the main trunk and information interface components consisting of the regional implementation of the same sample of control and signal networks; its subsystems should be a dimmer by the various types of modules , control panels, illumination detector dynamic and static and dynamic components consisting of detectors, respectively, of the regional implementation of the specific control of different networks, the main system and subsystems, such as between the components through the interface to connect, to achieve data transmission.3 Intelligent lighting control system and control of the control of the contentA project to control the use of intelligent lighting control system include the following categories: technology office hall, computer center and other important room, lecture hall, such as multi-function hall, exhibition hall, conference center, lobby and courtyard, walkways and elevators, such as the Office of Public site;篇二：红外多路遥控发射和接收系统设计与实现外文文献翻译 红外遥控及芯片介绍 Wang Hongmei (Tianjin Tianbo Science & Technology Co, LTD, Tianjin 300072, China)摘要：从软、硬件方面，介绍基于单片机的红外线遥控器设计。关键词：单片机；红外线；无线遥控；红外线发射；红外线接收1 引言 人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列，依次为红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫。其中红光的波长范围为0.620.76m；紫光的波长范围为0.380.46m。比紫光波长还短的光叫紫外线，比红光波长还长的光叫红外线。红外线遥控就是利用波长为0.761.5m之间的近红外线来传送控制信号的。常用的红外遥控系统一般分发射和接收两个部分。发射部分的主要元件为红外发光二极管。它实际上是一只特殊的发光二极管，由于其内部材料不同于普通发(转自：wWw.XiAocAoFanWeN.cOm 小 草 范文网:led调光控制论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献)光二极管，因而在其两端施加一定电压时，它便发出的是红外线而不是可见光。目前大量使用的红外发光二极管发出的红外线波长为940nm左右，外形与普通 5发光二极管相同，只是颜色不同。红外发光二极管一般有黑色、深蓝、透明三种颜色。判断红外发光二极管好坏的办法与判断普通二极管一样：用万用表电阻挡量一下红外发光二极管的正、反向电阻即可。红外发光二极管的发光效率要用专门的仪器才能精确测定，而业余条件下只能用拉距法来粗略判定。 接收部分的红外接收管是一种光敏二极管。在实际应用中要给红外接收二极管加反向偏压，它才能正常工作，亦即红外接收二极管在电路中应用时是反向运用，这样才能获得较高的灵敏度。红外接收二极管一般有圆形和方形两种。由于红外发光二极管的发射功率一般都较小（100mW左右），所以红外接收二极管接收到的信号比较微弱，因此就要增加高增益放大电路。前些年常用PC1373H、CXXX6A等红外接收专用放大电路。最近几年不论是业余制作还是正式产品，大多都采用成品红外接收头。成品红外接收头的封装大致有两种：一种采用铁皮屏蔽；一种是塑料封装。均有三只引脚，即电源正（VDD）、电源负（GND）和数据输出（VO或OUT）。红外接收头的引脚排列因型号不同而不尽相同，可参考厂家的使用说明。成品红外接收头的优点是不需要复杂的调试和外壳屏蔽，使用起来如同一只三极管，非常方便。但在使用时注意成品红外接收头的载波频率。红外遥控常用的载波频率为38kHz，这是由发射端所使用的455kHz陶振来决定的。在发射端要对晶振进行整数分频，分频系数一般取12，所以455kHz1237.9 kHz38kHz。也有一些遥控系统采用36kHz、40kHz、56kHz等，一般由发射端晶振的振荡频率来决定。红外遥控的特点是不影响周边环境、不干扰其它电器设备。由于其无法穿透墙壁，故不同房间的家用电器可使用通用的遥控器而不会产生相互干扰；电路调试简单，只要按给定电路连接无误，一般不需任何调试即可投入工作；编解码容易，可进行多路遥控。由于各生产厂家生产了大量红外遥控专用集成电路，需要时按图索骥即可。因此，现在红外遥控在家用电器、室内近距离（小于10米）遥控中得到了广泛的应用。多路控制的红外遥控系统 多路控制的红外发射部分一般有许多按键，代表不同的控制功能。当发射端按下某一按键时，相应地在接收端有不同的输出状态。接收端的输出状态大致可分为脉冲、电平、自锁、互锁、数据五种形式。“脉冲”输出是当按发射端按键时，接收端对应输出端输出一个“有效脉冲”，宽度一般在100ms左右。“电平”输出是指发射端按下键时，接收端对应输出端输出“有效电平”，发射端松开键时，接收端“有效电平”消失。此处的“有效脉冲”和“有效电平”，可能是高、也可能是低，取决于相应输出脚的静态状况，如静态时为低，则“高”为有效；如静态时为高，则“低”为有效。大多数情况下“高”为有效。“自锁”输出是指发射端每按一次某一个键，接收端对应输出端改变一次状态，即原来为高电平变为低电平，原来为低电平变为高电平。此种输出适合用作电源开关、静音控制等。有时亦称这种输出形式为“反相”。“互锁”输出是指多个输出互相清除，在同一时间内只有一个输出有效。电视机的选台就属此种情况，其它如调光、调速、音响的输入选择等。“数据”输出是指把一些发射键编上号码，利用接收端的几个输出形成一个二进制数，来代表不同的按键输入。一般情况下，接收端除了几位数据输出外，还应有一位“数据有效”输出端，以便后级适时地来取数据。这种输出形式一般用于与单片机或微机接口。 除以上输出形式外，还有“锁存”和“暂存”两种形式。所谓“锁存”输出是指对发射端每次发的信号，接收端对应输出予以“储存”，直至收到新的信号为止；“暂存”输出与上述介绍的“电平”输出类似。影响遥控器遥控距离（Remote distance of RF Remote Control）的因素主要有如下几点：1、发射功率：发射功率大则距离远，但耗电大，容易产生干扰；2、接收灵敏度：接收器的接收灵敏度提高，遥控距离增大，但容易受干扰造成误动或失控；3、天线：采用直线型天线，并且相互平行，遥控距离远，但占据空间大，在使用中把天线拉长、拉直可增加遥控距离；4、高度：天线越高，遥控距离越远，但受客观条件限制；5、阻挡：目前使用的无线遥控器使用国家规定的UHF频段，其传播特性和光近似，直线传播，绕射较小，发射器和接收器之间如有墙壁阻挡将大大打折遥控距离，如果是钢筋混泥土的墙壁，由于导体对电波的吸收作用，影响更甚。考虑到本次设计的硬件体积应偏小以便嵌入遥控器中，因此我们选择20个引脚的单片机芯片AT89C2051。下面即介绍此芯片的功能。2 AT89C2051的内部结构及性能AT89C2051是一带有2K字节闪速可编程可擦除只读存储体(EEPROM)的低电压,高性能8位CMOS微型计算机。它采用ATMEL的高密非易失存储技术制造并和工业标准MCS51指令集和引脚结构兼容。通过在单块芯片上组合通用的CPL1和闪速存储器,ATMEL AT89C2051是一强劲的微型计算机,它对许多嵌入式控制应用提供一高度灵活和成本低的解决办法。AT89C2051是与8051兼容的CHMOS微控制器，其Flash存储器容量为2KB。与CHMOS工艺的80C51一样，具有空闲和掉电两种节电运行方式。其性能如下：8位CUP； 2KB的Flash存储器；工作电压范围2.76V； 128KB的数据存储器；全静态工作方式：024MHz； 15根输入/输出线；一个可编程串行口； 2个16位定时/计数器；可编程串行UART通道； 直接LED驱动输出；3 AT89C2051的芯片引脚及功能为适应智能仪表的嵌入要求，AT89C2051在芯片的引脚配置上进行了简化，如图2-1所示。主要变化为：（1）引脚由40根减为20根；（2）增加了一个模拟比较器。RST/VPP(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1XTAL2XTAL1(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5GND VCC P1.7 P1.6 P1.5 P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1(AIN1) P1.0(AIN0) P3.7图2-1AT89C2051的引脚图AT89C2051引脚功能：1. Vcc：电源电压。2. GND：地。3. P1口：P1口是一8位双向I/O口。口引脚P1.2P1.7提供内部上拉电阻。 P1.0和P1.1要求外部上拉电阻。P1.0和P1.1还分别作为片内精密模拟比较器的同相输入(AIN0)和反相输入（AIN1)。P1口输出缓冲器可吸收20mA电流并能直接驱动LED显示。当P1口引脚写入“1”时,其可用作输入端。当引脚P1.2P1.7用作输入并被外部拉低时,它们将因内部的上拉电阻而流出电流(IIL)。P1口还在闪速编程和程序校验期间接收代码数据。4. P3口：P3口的P3.0P3.5、P3.7是带有内部上拉电阻的七个双向I/0引脚。P3.6用于固定输入片内比较器的输出信号并且它作为一通用 I/O引脚而不可访问。P3口缓冲器可吸收20mA电流。当P3口引脚写入“1”时,它们被内部上拉电阻拉高并可用作输入端。用作输入时,被外部拉低的 P3口引脚将用上拉电阻 而流出电流(IIL)。P3口还用于实现AT89C2051的各种功能,如下表1所示。 P3口还接收一些用于闪速存储器编程和程序校验的控制信号。 5. RST：复位输入。RST一旦变成高电平,所有的I/O引脚就复位到“1”。当振荡器正在运行时,持续给出RST引脚两个机器周期的高电平便可完成复位。每一个机器周期需12个振荡器或时钟周。6. XTAL1：作为振荡器反相放大器的输入和内部时钟发生器的输入。7. XTAL2：作为振荡器反相放大器的输出。P3口的功能如表3-1所示。表3-1 引脚定义P3 mouth pin P3.0P3.1P3.2P3.3P3.4P3.5 Function RXD(Serial input) TXD(Serial output port) INT0(External interruption 0) INT1(External interruption 1) TO(The timer 0 external input) T1(The timer 1 external input)4 AT89C2051的软硬件约束AT89C2051单片机由于引脚的限制，没有设置外部存储器的接口，所以，对于外部存储器的读/写指令如MOVX等不起作用。由于ROM空间为2KB，所以，对于跳转指令要注意转移的目的地址范围（000H7FFH）,超出地址范围时，将产生不可遇见的错误结果。数据存储的范围是（00H7FH），堆栈操作时亦应加以注意。模拟比较器的输入信号经原来的P3.6引脚引入到单片机内，所以原来的P3.6脚已无法再外部使用。模拟比较器可以方便的比较两个模拟电压的大小，若外接一个D/A转换器并将其输出作为模拟比较器的一个输入，而由模拟比较器的另一个输入端引入被测电压，通过软件的方法也可以实现A/D转换。5 AT89C2051的Flash存储器编程AT89C2051单片机提供有2KB的片内Flash程序存储器，它允许在线修改或使用专用编程器编程。篇三：AV设备名称中英文对照表AV设备名称中英文对照表 1、音响设备（Audio Equipment） 设备名称Equipment 全频主扩音箱 Speaker-Full Range 低音主扩音箱 Speaker-Subwoof