初中英语选词填空题解题技巧与专题训练.doc

初中英语选词填空题解题技巧与专题训练 根据平时的观察，学生在做英语“选词填空”时，遇较多困难，有的甚至条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此，我把平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略作归纳，希望能给有大家提供一点帮助。 “选词填空”要求学生利用所给的10-11个词汇（今年的湛江中考要求是用给出10个词汇补全一篇有10个空缺的短文)。据观察，所给出的词汇一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等，补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。 1.在拿到题目後，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。 2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3.在选定单词後，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾後，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches,friend-friends/friends/friends。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, care-careful,danger-dangerous；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness; 填入代词时，需注意辨別主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；冠词只需要在 a或an之间判別，如a girl/an old man; 当遇到介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。为了方便记忆，试著记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 s 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万別忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最後把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。初中英语选词填空题的解题思路： 1跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。2复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。3三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。做选词填空题时应注意如下几点：1语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免只见树木不见森林的错误。2要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。3填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4有些空格需要填入介词、连词等结构词，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其惯用法结构。 中考英语选词填空题的专项训练 （一)enjoy, where, see, idea, go, take, morning, make, with, problemA：what are you going to do next weekend?B:I have no 1_. What about you?A:I dont know.Do you want to do something2_me?B:Sure.What do you want to do?A:How about 3_ fishing on Saturday?B: Ok . 4_ are we going to meet?A:Lets meet at my house.My father has a boat.He can 5_ us fishing on the lake.B:What time shall we leave?A:Lets leave at 5:30 in the 6_. Fishing is good at that time.B:So early? Can we 7_ it a little later?A:Well,no 8_. What about 6:00?B:Great. We are sure 9_ ourselves. 10_ you at 6:00 on Saturday morning.A:Ok. Bye! (二） leave, what, ask, in, driver, something, inside, bring, me, how A：Good morning,madam. May I help you?B:Yes , Im afraid I1_my handbag in the taxi this morning. A:Whats2_the handbag?B:About 8000 yuan.A: 3_ else?B:Yes, my ID card, I think.A:By the way, have you4_ for the taxi ticket?B:Yes, the ticket5_ is 6543278.A:Well, Ill help you to call the taxi 6_. (Knocking at the door)B:Come in, please.A:Good morning, sir. I found this handbag on my taxi and I 7_it here. Theres much money 8_.B:Thank you very much.(turning to the woman) Is this your handbag?A: Yes, its 9_ .Thank goodness!10_ a kind man! Thank you. (三） eat, around, be, of, amusement, difference, probable, gift, but, otherHave you ever been to Disneyland? First, most of the kids 1_ the world, this 2_ park is a fantastic place for them to have fun. When we 3_young, we all have heard 4_ Mickey Mouse, sleeping beauty, Snow White and many Disney characters. Some of us 5_have seen them in cartoons. Actually, you can go to see them in a theme park. Now, there are four 6_Disneyland amusement parks all over the world. Two are in the United States, one is in Tokyo, and the7_ is in France. There are not only some amusement attractions there,8 _ also many specials with Disney characters. In Disneyland, you can have a lot of fun watching Disney movies, 9_in Disney restaurants, and buying Disney10_. (四）choose, difference, never, thirsty, need, time, play, on, exercise, throughDo you want to be healthier? Then go1_ the passage, and you may find its easy to keep fit.Eat all kinds of foods, especially fruits and vegetablesYou may have a favourite kind of food, but the best 2_ is to eat as many kinds as possible. If you eat 3_ foods, youre more likely to get the nutrients your body need. Taste new foods that you4_ tried before. Some foods, such as green vegetables, are very important. Have five servings(份）of fruits and three vegetables.Drink water and milk oftenWhen you are really5_,cold water is the No.1 choice. Kids need calcium(钙）to grow strong, and milk is a great source of this mineral(矿物质）. How much do children6_? About three glasses of milk every day.Limit screen timeWhats screen time? Its the7_ for watching TV, DVDs and videos,8 _ computer games, and using the computer. If you spend much time9_these activities, you may have less time left to take10_, such as playing basketball, bicycling and swimming. (五） before, shine, fast, in, come, watch, so, cannot, it, ago Light travels at a speed which is about a million times 1_ than that of sound. 2_one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometres, but sound travels only 340metres. You can get some idea of this difference by 3_ the start of a running math. If you stand far away from the starter(发令员）, you can see smoke 4_ from his gun 5_the sound reaches your ears. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6_far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7_at a speed of nearly two million kilometres every minute. The light from some of tonights started on 8_ journey towards you even before you were born. So if we want to be hone