电大开放教育社会医学作业及答案小抄资料.doc

社会医学作业一、填空题1 人群健康状况是_因素与_因素综合作用的结果。2 社会卫生状况内容甚广，大体上可分为下列六类：_、_、与卫生有关的_、_、_、_等。3 人群健康状况包括_、_、_、_、_等几个方面。4 婴儿死亡率是一个敏感、综合的指标，不仅直接反映影响_的卫生问题，而且也反映_、产前和产后的_以及婴儿保健水平和环境卫生状况等。5 卫生服务研究主要内容包括医疗卫生服务的_-、_和_-等方面的内容。6健康行为主要有_、 _、 _和 _四类。7本能行为包括 _ 和 _。8主要的行为治疗的方法有 _、 _ 、 _ 、和 _ 等。第1题:使用封闭式问题收集资料的优点是。A答案全面B容易回答C不易发生笔误D能反映事实情况E能收集到详细资料来源：考试大第2题:计算生命素质指数需要的三个指标是。A出生率、死亡率、期望寿命B出生率、婴儿死亡率、15岁以上人口识字率C就业率、孕产妇死亡率、国民生产总值D婴儿死亡率、1岁平均期望寿命、15岁以上人口识字率E婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率、人均国民生活总值增长率第3题:规范文化影响人类健康的主要途径是。来源：考试大A支配人类的行为生活方式B影响人类的生活环境C干扰人们的心理过程D提高卫生资源的使用效率E影响人类的劳动条件第4题:健康危险因素评价对下面哪项疾病的预防可以说是一种相对有效的措施。A高血压B痢疾C脊髓灰质炎D麻疹E流行性感冒第5题:ASHA在评价社会发展的过程中加入了反映人口健康状况的指标，即。A婴儿死亡率、成人识字率、平均期望寿命B婴儿死亡率、成人识字率、1岁平均期望寿命C出生率、死亡率、平均期望寿命D出生率、婴儿死亡率、平均期望寿命E出生率、孕产妇死亡率、平均期望寿命第6题:美国布鲁姆（Blum）于1976年提出的决定人群健康状况的公式：Hs=f（e）+AcHs+B+LS中，AcHs表示。A环境因素B生物遗传因素C行为生活方式D保健设施的易获得性E以上都不是第7题:使用开放式问题收集资料的优点是。A准确无误B拒答率低C问卷回收率高D适用于任何文化程度E能收集到详细生动的资料第8题:社区卫生服务主要为社区群众提供。A基本医疗服务B预防保健服务C病后康复服务D专科服务E上述A、B、C三项第9题:性比例的计算方法是。A女性与男性人口数之比B女性与男性人口数之百分比C女性与男性人口数之千分比D男性与女性人口数之比E男性与女性人口数之千分比第10题:反映人群健康状况常用的社会学指标有。来源：考试大AGNP、就业率、婴儿死亡率BGNP、成人识字率、婴儿死亡率CGNP、成人识字率、社会保障率DGNP、社会保障率、婴儿死亡率EGNP、人均国民收入、社会保障率第11题:近年来，随着经济的发展可能带来的健康问题有。A营养不良、心理障碍、精神分裂症B传染病、车祸、心理紧张C慢性非传染性疾病、心理紧张、环境污染D环境污染、婴儿死亡率增高、人口寿命降低E新型传染病、心理紧张、贫血第12题:集合调查法的主要缺点是。A漏填多有发生B被调查者间的影响会导致调查结果的偏倚C受调查员水平和工作责任心的影响（访问偏差）D需要较多的人员、经费和时间E无法控制答卷环境第13题:65岁以上人口数与014岁人口数之百分比，称为。A老年人口系数B老年人口负担系数C老龄化指数D少年人口系数E少年人口负担系数第14题:社会经济发展水平在一定程度上决定着人口再生产模式，工业模式的主要特征是。A 高出生、高死亡、低寿命B 高出生、高死亡、低自然增长C 高出生、低死亡、高寿命D 低出生、高死亡、低自然增长E 低出生、低死亡、低自然增长第15题:随着人们对健康认识的深化，有关疾病与健康的概念得到扩展，下述描述不恰当的是。A健康与疾病具有相对性B健康具有多维性C健康具有连续性D疾病是机体对内外环境适应的失败或失调E划清健康与疾病的界限第16题:社会心理因素刺激引起生理变化的主要中介机制是。A神经、内分泌、免疫系统来源：考试大B精神、行为、社会适应性C中枢神经、周围神经、内分泌D神经、内分泌、反应性E内分泌、体液、免疫系统第17题:社会心理因素刺激引起生理变化的主要中介机制是。A神经、内分泌、免疫系统B精神、行为、社会适应性C中枢神经、周围神经、内分泌D神经、内分泌、反应性E内分泌、体液、免疫系统第18题:社会医学工作者认为，不同的家庭生命周期与不同的卫生保健问题相联系，因此把家庭生命周期划分为。A结婚前、结婚后、生育、抚养、鳏寡五个阶段B结婚前、婚后无孩、生育、抚养、离巢五个阶段C结婚无孩、生育、离巢、空巢、鳏寡五个阶段D结婚无孩、生育、抚养、离巢、空巢五个阶段E结婚无孩、生育、抚养、离巢、鳏寡五个阶段第19题:生物-心理-社会医学模式对卫生服务的影响主要表现为“四个扩大”，下列哪项不在其中。A从治疗服务扩大到预防服务B从技术服务扩大到社会服务C从院内服务扩大到院外服务D从生理服务扩大到心理服务E由提供适宜卫生技术服务扩大到提供高精尖技术服务第20题:个体健康危险因素评价结果为：评价年龄高于实际年龄，说明。A被评价者不存在任何危险因素B被评价者所存在的危险因素低于平均水平C被评价者所存在的危险因素等于平均水平D被评价者所存在的危险因素高于平均水平E被评价者存在的危险因素已被去除第21题:传统健康评价的主要内容是。来源：考试大A疾病与健康B健康与死亡C疾病与寿命D健康与寿命E疾病与死亡第22题:思想文化人类健康的主要途径是。A影响人类的劳动条件B影响人类的科学技术水平C支配人们的行为生活方式D干扰人们的心理过程E干扰人们的心理过程和精神生活第23题:略第24题:应用健康危险因素评价方法对一位45岁男性进行个体定型分析，计算的评价年龄是47岁、可达到年龄41岁。控制和去除危险因素后，该男子可能延长的寿命数是。A4年B6年C2年D3年E1年第25题:面访法是指由调查员对被调查者逐个访问，这种问卷调查方法的优点是。A节约经费和时间B具有更好的隐匿性C几乎不存在调查员个人素质对调查结果的影响D可以控制答卷环境E调查范围广泛第26题:在常用的问卷调查实施中，分发问卷法、集合法、邮寄法与面访法比较的优点是。A可以控制答卷环境B可以使用较为复杂的调查表C几乎不存在调查员个人素质的影响，漏填和不合理回答的发生率低D节约经费和时间E具有一定的灵活性第27题:健康对经济发展的作用主要表现在。A增强人群健康水平、促进经济发展B促进卫生技术的进步、提高服务质量C提高人群整体素质、增加国民收入D促进社会生产力的发展E提高劳动生产率、减少卫生资源消耗第28题:关于医学模式的描述不正确的是。A评价医学的属性、职能、结构和发展规律B是哲学思想在医学的反映C某哲学概念就是医学观来源：考试大D是由医学有主观臆造的概念E观察、分析、处理问题的原则第29题:访谈法是社会调查常用的方式之一，下列属于访谈法的是。A医学检查B直接观察C专题小组讨论D邮寄法E集中调查法第30题:目前认为，下列疾病不属于“心身疾病”范畴的是。A冠心病B支气管哮喘C溃疡病D亚性肿瘤E病毒性肝炎第31题:社会因素影响人类健康的途径有。A身体、心理、社会适应B神经、体液、免疫C神经、心理、社会适应D身体、心理、免疫E神经、免疫、社会适应第32题:第三次卫生革命的主要任务是。A控制传染病和寄生虫病B降低慢性病的发病率C控制感染性疾病D提高心理健康状况E增进健康、提高生命质量第33题:根据国际标准人口年龄构成模型，老年型国家的标准是。A 少年人口系数在30%以上、老年人口系数在4%以下、老龄化指数在30%以上、中位数年龄在2030岁之间B 少年人口系数在40%以上、老年人口系数在10%以下、老龄化指数在30%以上、中位数年龄在20岁以下C 少年人口系数在20%以下、老年人口系数在7%以上、老龄化指数在15%以上、中位数年龄在30岁以上D 少年人口系数在30%以下、老年人口系数在7%以上、老龄化指数在30%以上、中位数年龄在30岁以上E 少年人口系数在30%以上、老年人口系数在7%以下、老龄化指数在15%以下、中位数年龄在2030岁之间第34题:目前认为，人口素质可以从以下三方面得到评价。A思想道德、身体及文化素质来源：考试大B人口出生率、识字率、期望寿命C人口出生率、死亡率、期望寿命D婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率、预防接种率E婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率、国民生产总值第35题:被誉为“中国模式”的我国农村卫生事业的三大支柱是。A健康教育、医疗保险、初级卫生保健B健康教育、医疗保险、社区卫生服务C健康教育、公费医疗、三级医疗预防保健网D乡村医生、公费医疗、三级医疗预防保健网E乡村医生、合作医疗、三级医疗预防保健网第36题:法国医生儒勒-盖林对社会医学有着重要的贡献，他当时把社会医学分为四个部分，即。A 社会生理学、社会病理学、社会卫生学、社会治疗学B 社会生理学、社会病理学、社会卫生学、社会诊断学C 社会生理学、社会病因学、社会预防学、社会诊断学D 社会生理学、社会病因学、社会诊断学、社会治疗学E 社会生理学、社会病理学、社会诊断学、社会治疗学第37题:开放式问卷的优点是。A答案标准化，便于资料的整理分析B适用于答案较多、较复杂的问题C可以节省答卷时间来源：考试大D有助于提高答卷的回收率E适用于文化程度较低者第38题:增长年龄（即：可达到年龄）与评价年龄之差可用来说明。A危险因素已经存在年数B减低危险因素后可能延长寿命的年数C消除危险因素所需要的年数D接触危险因素后引发疾病所需要的年数E接触危险因素后从患病到死亡的年数第39题:生命质量是指具有一定生命数量的人在某一时点上表现的状态，它更多地强调。A生存时间的长度B疾病的严重程度C慢性病发生的可能性D生理健康程度E个人对生活的感觉体验第40题:健康危险因素评价的产生和发展与下列哪项没有直接的联系。A疾病谱的转变B高科技医疗诊断技术的发展C慢性病病因学研究的进展D人们对预防保健要求的提高E人们对不断上涨的医疗费用的担心来源：考试大第41题:社区作为宏观社会的缩影，下列哪项不属于构成社区的必备要素。A一定地域内的聚居人群B一定的生活服务设施C稳定、协调的社会关系D国家宏观调控政策E促使规章制度得以落实的机构、组织第42题:PQLI是评价人口素质的重要指标之一，其含义是。A生活变化单位B期望寿命指数来源：考试大C质量调整生活年D健康相关生命质量E生命素质指数第43题:社会医学得到极大发展的阶段是。A16世纪B17世纪C18世纪D19世纪E20世纪第44题:ASHA是衡量社会发展的综合指标，其含义是指。A美国社会健康协会指标B潜在减寿年数C平均期望寿命D生命素质指数E质量调整生命年第45题:首次提出“社会医学”一词的学者是。A德国学者魏尔啸B美国医学家麦克英泰尔C比利时医生维萨里D法国医师盖林E美国内科学教授恩格尔第46题:现代医学的目的突出强调了。A治疗疾病B预防疾病C延长寿命D增进健康E以上都不是第47题:判断受教育程度对人们健康影响的两个重要指标是。A学历与社会职位B社会职位与事业成就C消费结构和闲暇时间如何安排D事业成就与消费水平E消费水平和消费方式第48题:对调查问卷（即：调查工具）评价，常用的两个指标是。A问卷回收率、调查符合率B信度系数、效度系数来源：考试大C信度系数、相关系数D效度系数、相关系数E回归系数、相关系数第49题:下列哪项不属于生命质量评价的内容。A生活富裕程度B身体状态C心理状态D社会功能状态E个人对其健康、生活状况的一般性感觉第50题:社会医学的研究对象和研究内容是。A疾病的分布、流行原因、传播途径B数据与资料的搜集、整理、分析C自然环境、生活居住环境及与人群健康的关系D卫生资源的配置、利用、评价E影响人群健康的社会因素、社会卫生状况、社会卫生措施第51题:我国中医学的理论体系源于。A神灵主义医学模式B自然哲学医学模式C机械论医学模式D生物医学模式E生物心理社会医学模式第52题:所谓“民强促国富、国富保民强”体现了社会医学的。A健康与社会经济发展的双向理论B医学模式与保健水平相关性理论C社会因素决定性理论D高危险性理论E卫生工作要求社会参与的大卫生理论答案：1社会 自然2人群健康状况 卫生政策 社会经济状况 卫生保健 卫生资源 卫生行为 3人口状况 生长发育 营养水平 疾病发生与发展 死亡与平均寿命 4婴儿健康 母亲的健康状况 保健水平5需要量 利用率 卫生资源6日常健康行为 保健行为 预防性行为 改变危险健康的行为7个体保存行为 种族保存行为8系统脱敏疗法 冲击疗法 厌恶疗法 阳性强化法 消极练习法 自我控制法 模仿法（写出四个即可第1-5题的答案为BDAAD第6-10题的答案为DEEDE第11-15题的答案为CBCEE第16-20题的答案为AACED第21-25题的答案为EEDBD第26-30题的答案为DEDCE第31-35题的答案为BEDAE第36-40题的答案为ABBEB第41-45题的答案为DEEAD第46-50题的答案为DCBAE第51-52题的答案为DA请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949. A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for almost ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several womens professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Womens Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Womens World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Al-monte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first five-man teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the two-hand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics; the Cleveland Rosenblums, owned by Max Rosenblum; Eddie Gottliebs Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association); and two great black teams, the New York Renaissance Five and Abe Sapersteins Harlem Globetrotters, which was actually from Chicago. While these teams had some notable players, no superstars, such as Babe Ruth, Jac