2017_2018学年高中英语每日一题第07周每周一测试题含解析.docx

每周一测. 阅读理解AAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn t think that s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical (种族的)rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.1. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A. It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D. It has become an inevitable(不可避免的) danger as technology gets more complicated.2. How do robots learn human values?A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D. By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.3. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.C. Set off its built-in alarm system at once.D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.4. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A. Determine what is moral and ethical.B. Design some large-scale experiments.C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.D. Develop a more sophisticated program.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic(同情的) and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn t destiny(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.5. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is_ _.A.to see whether people s personality affects their life spanB.to find out if one s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC.to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD.to examine all the factors contributing to longevity6. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.7. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children s personality characteristics are invariably(总是) determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers influence on children may last longer than fathers .D. Mothers negative personality characteristics may affect their children s life spans.8. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one s life span.B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D. Health is in large part related to one s lifestyle. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When I was very young, we used to live in Florida. It s a place I will never1. These were the happiest days of my life, and I loved driving down one of Florida s highways to feel the2whistle through my hair. One day, we went down a highway, but3nobody else appeared to be there. Well, maybe not any humans,4an animal was there. It was laying in the center of the5, blood red, and seemed to be6: it was hit by a car.Quickly my mother7it into the parking space (this highway had those) while I8in our car. My goodness, I heard her say. It s a turtle（龟）, and it s9alive! We had an empty bin in the10, and some water and blankets from the supermarket, so my mother11the bin with water, picked the turtle up, and put it in the water, then put the12over it. We drove it home and I, eyes wide, watched the bloody turtle13in the bin. It was alive, but its shell was14. We fed him with vegetables and kept him in a cool area.My mom, a very talented lady with clay, made an artificial15for him, and we turned him over and she wrote, Be free, and live a16life. We healed him up, and drove to the nearest17, where lots of annoying bugs were living. Together we18him into the water and he swam away quickly. 19he did so, I could have sworn he20at us.1. A. returnB. forgetC. rememberD. miss2. A. rainB. sunlightC. snowD. wind3. A. strangelyB. nervouslyC. exactlyD. carefully4. A. orB. butC. forD. so5. A. streetB. groundC. roadD. surface6. A. deadB. aliveC. fineD. awake7. A. caughtB. heldC. knockedD. pulled8. A. hidB. stayedC. droveD. feared9. A. everB. yetC. stillD. even10. A. backB. homeC. centerD. front11. A. washedB. cleanedC. coveredD. filled12. A. blanketB. paperC. binD. water13. A. playingB. sleepingC. floatingD. struggling14. A. squeezed outB. upside downC. taken apartD. torn off15. A. boxB. shellC. topD. toy16. A. difficultB. realC. wonderfulD. successful17. A. lakeB. forestC. mountainD. field18. A. threwB. forcedC. placedD. led19. A. SinceB. AsC. IfD. Although20. A. shoutedB. staredC. pointedD. smiled. 七选五型阅读理解根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Most of us lead a busy life. 1We think, “If I reached my goal, then I would be happy”, or “If I could get a better job, then I would enjoy life.” But why not enjoy life right now?Firstly, take time to notice and appreciate the beauty in your own surroundings. 2“There is a great big world of wonder and beauty around us!” And as Brodersen explains, “Look for the beauty of the sunrise and of a friend s smile that brightens your day. Open your eyes to see the beauty you might not normally see. Doing so helps to cheer you up.”Secondly, taking time to experience some simple pleasures also can bring joy to your heart and ease your stress. Take me for example. 3One universal simple pleasure is finding things that make you laugh. Make time to laugh every day.Thirdly, don t take your family and friends for granted. Rich, rewarding relationships add greatly to the enjoyment of life. When you think of someone, why not call, e-mail or write them? 4As Wayne Lawton explains, “Invest time in relationships. Remove the attitude, what s in it for me? Happiness is found in putting other s interests, desires and concerns ahead of our own whenever possible. Selfishness is a dead-end street.” 5A. A short e-mail or phone call can make a world of difference to someone.B. Driven by the “urgent”, we forget to enjoy life.C. In my spare time, I enjoy collecting stamps and reading novels.D. So please treasure relationship.E. Be aware of beauty in nature.F. You don t need to travel far to find beauty.G. I delight in simple things like my favorite tea drink, a bubble bath or family photos. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I m glad to hear that you were visiting FuJian for your holiday. I am writing to tell you thatsomething about Wu Yi Mountain. Locate in the northwest of FuJian Province, it is a wonderful tourist attraction. The weather there is mild on summer. What s more importantly is that it is famous as a holy tourist site. Not only can I appreciate the impressive scenery, but you can also learn many about the culture of it. It also has a large number of fantastic Chinese building.There is no doubt whether a trip to Wu Yi Mountain will be truly unforgettable experience. I wish you a nice trip!. 书面表达假如你是李华，正在一所美国学校学习英文。你对学校的周末音乐俱乐部(Music Club at Weekend)很感兴趣，决定申请加入。现给该俱乐部负责人写一封信，内容如下：1. 表示有意加入；2. 介绍音乐特长；3. 说明性格优势；4. 期待答复。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结束语已写好，不计入总次数。Dear Sir/Madam,Im Hua, a Chinese student taking the English course at our school. _ _ Yours,Li Hua. 阅读理解A【语篇解读】随着人工智能（AI）变得越来越复杂，人们会越来越担心机器人会成为威胁。我们该如何让机器人为人类服务的同时，还要遵守特定的道德准则呢？1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.”可知，根据计算机科学教授Stuart Russell的说法，如果我们想办法把人类的价值变成可编程的代码，这种危险是可以避免的。故选C。3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human.”可知，如果机器人不确定某件事情是否该做，它会停下来向人类寻求帮助。故选B。4. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical (种族的)rules.”可知，在编程价值观中最困难的一步是如何确定什么是道德，而种族规则又是什么。故选A。B【语篇解读】研究表明长寿不仅仅是身体健康问题，也是心理健康问题。而且，母亲的性格也决定孩子是否能够长寿。5. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.”可知，针对“性格对一个人的寿命有什么影响，某些类型的性格会让人更长寿吗”这问题，美国老年病学会杂志进行了一项新研究通来审视这个问题。故选A。6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic(同情的) and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.”可知，外向、富有同情心的人会能更好地度过艰难时期，更长寿。故选D。8. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Personality isnt destiny(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.”可知，长寿不仅仅是身体健康问题，也是心理健康问题。故选B。. 完形填空【语篇解读】作者在高速路上发现了一只被汽车撞伤的乌龟。妈妈把乌龟带回家，精心照料，还为它做了一只壳。乌龟身体恢复了之后，作者和妈妈到湖里放生了乌龟。1. B考查动词。根据后面的“These were the happiest days of my life, and I loved driving down one of Floridas highways to feel the whistle through my hair.”可知，这是个令作者难忘的地方。A. return归还；返回；B. forget忘记；C. remember记起；D. miss错过；想念。故选B。2. D考查名词。此处指“我”喜欢开车经过佛罗里达州的高速公路，感觉到风吹过“我”的头发。A. rain雨；B. sunlight阳光；C. snow雪；D. wind风。故选D。3. A考查副词。很奇怪，那天，路上没有其他人。A. strangely奇怪地；B. nervously紧张地；C. exactly恰好地；正是；D. carefully仔细地。故选A。4. B考查连词（固定搭配）。此处运用了“not but”句式，是“不是而是”的意思。A. or或者；还是；B. but但是；而是；C. for因为；D. so因此。故选B。5. C考查名词。根据前面的“One day, we went down a highway,”可知，作者在公路上行驶。根据下文可知，一只乌龟受伤躺在路中央。A street街道；B. ground地面；C. road公路，马路；道路；D. surface表面。故选C。6. A考查形容词。根据上下文可知，乌龟受伤，如同死了一般。A. dead死的；B. alive活着的；活泼的；C. fine好的；D. awake醒着的。故选A。7. D考查动词。很快，妈妈把它拖进了停车场。A. caught赶上；抓住；感染；B. held持有；拥有；保存；C. knocked敲；D. pulled拉；拽。故选D。8. B考查动词。作者当时还呆在车里。A. hid躲藏；B. stayed留；保持；C. drove驾驶；促使；D. feared害怕。故选B。11. D考查动词。妈妈把容器里装满了水。A. washed洗；B. cleaned打扫；清扫；C. covered盖上；涉及；采访；D. filled充满。故选D。12. A考查名词。根据上文“and some water and blankets from the supermarket,”，妈妈用毯子把容器盖上。A. blanket毛毯，毯子；B. paper纸；文件；C. bin箱子，容器；D. water水。故选A。13. C考查动词。“我”睁大眼睛，看着流血的乌龟在水面上漂浮。A. playing玩；表演；B. sleeping睡觉；C. floating浮动；飘动，散播；D. struggling拼搏；挣扎。故选C。14. D考查动词短语。句意：它仍然活着，但是壳已经被扯掉。A. squeezed out挤出；B. upside down上下颠倒；C. taken apart拆开；D. torn off撕下；扯掉。故选D。15. B考查名词。根据上下文可知，妈妈为乌龟做了一只壳。A box箱子；B. shell贝壳；架子；C. top顶端；D. toy玩具。故选B。18. C考查动词。“我们”一起把乌龟放入水中。A. threw扔掉；B. forced强迫；C. placed放置；D. led领导；带路。故选C。19. B考查连词。句意：当他快速游走的时候，我可以发誓他在向我们微笑。A. Since自从；既然；B. As当时候；因为；尽管；按照；C. If如果；D. Although尽管。故选B。20. D考查动词。句意：当他快速游走的时候，我可以发誓他在向我们微笑。A. shouted大喊；B. stared盯着看；C. pointed指；D. smiled微笑。故选D。. 七选五型阅读理解【语篇解读】这篇文章讲述了现在很多人都忙于生活，这样并不快乐，忘记了享受生活。我们要学会从简单的事情中获得快乐，并且注意人际关系等方面。1. B【解析】根据上一句“Most of us lead a busy life.”说明很多人都忙于生活，故B项“Driven by the “urgent”, we forget to enjoy life.”我们忙于琐事，却忘记了享受生活，符合上下文的串联，故选B。2. F【解析】根据下句“There is a great big world of wonder and beauty around us!”说明在我们的身边就有很多美丽的风景，故“you dont need to travel far to find beauty.”符合语境，选F。3. G【解析】根据上一句“taking time to experience some simple pleasures also can bring joy to your heart and ease your stress.”说明要从简单的事情中得到快乐，选G。4. A【解析】根据上一句“When you think of someone, why not call, e-mail or write them?”说明有时候电