初中英语常用介词短语总结.doc

常用介词短语总结（一）从句法关系来看,介词是一种虚词,在句子结构中表示词与词或词与有关句子成分之间的关系。介词不能单独作句子成分,但它后面可以接名词、名词性词语、动名词等构成介词短语,在句中常作状语。现总结一些大学英语学习中常见的介词短语及成语介词。一、近义介词短语辨析1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语)1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of ones own will(出于自愿)4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为多亏,幸亏由于。例句:He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michael and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。2. 表示排除1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示除之外,相当于except (for), 又可以表示除之外,(还,也)相当于besides。例句:They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。3. 表示有关,关于1) 表示关于的介词:concerning(较为正式),respecting(关于,至于),regarding(关于,就而论,在方面)等He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子问题和邻居发生了争吵。Im at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的踪迹。Regarding the punishment, what would you advise? 就这种处罚来说,你有什么意见？2)表示关于的介词短语:with respect to(关于,就而言)；in respect of(就而论,在方面)；in / with regard to, in / with reference to, in connection with也都表示(正式用语)关于,有关；as for和as to在用于句首表示至于时区别不大,可以互相通用,但as to表示关于时不能和as for互换,相当于about和concerning。例句:The discussion with respect to some theoretical questions will last for a long time. 关于一些理论问题的讨论将持续很长时间。In respect of the transformation in education, we have still plenty to do. 就教学改革来说,我们还有好多事要做。With/In regard to our business, I will write to you later. 关于我们的经营情况,我以后会写信告诉你的。I have nothing to say with reference to this question. 关于这个问题我没有什么话要讲。Tell me all you know in connection with that matter. 告诉我关于那件事你所知道的一切。As for/to me, I was a little puzzled. 至于我,有点迷惑不解。Johnson was very uncertain as to whether his bicycle was stolen by the thief. 关于他的自行车是否被这个贼偷了,约翰逊不敢肯定。4. 表示在之前1) ahead of意为in advance of,可表示(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早；还可表示领先,优于2) in front of 多指空间的前后关系,在正前方3) prior to(正式用语)指时间与重要性方面在之前4) previous to指时间与顺序上在前5) preparatory to意为in readiness for, as a preparation for, 为做准备而在之前6) on the eve of 在前夕,如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我们考试/胜利的前夕例句:They will fulfill the plan ahead of schedule / time. 他们将提前完成计划。She couldnt watch the television because he was standing in front of the screen. 她没法看电视,因为他正站在屏幕的正前方。Weeds must be pulled up prior to pollination of flowers in the garden. 在花园里的花朵授粉之前杂草必须拔除。I know nothing about the accident; it happened previous to my arrival here. 我对事故一无所知,我到这儿之前事故就发生了。Security checks had been carried out preparatory to( = to prepare for) the Presidents visit. 为迎接总统来访,当局已预先进行了安全检查。The general addressed the army on the eve of the battle. 将军在打仗前夕对军队讲话。5. 表示支持,赞成1) in support of 维护,支持,支援Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生发言支持这项提议。2) in favor of 可指某人支持,赞成,也可指事物有利于Are you in favor of the proposal? 你赞成此建议吗？The exchange rate is in our favor.兑换率有利于我们。6. 表示鉴于,由于；根据,按照1)in the light of 按照,考虑到He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考虑到进一步的研究,他重写了那部书。2)in terms of 就而言,谈到The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,这是份好工作。但它也有不足之处。3)on the grounds of; on . grounds 以为理由/根据Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. 基于对环境问题的考虑,他们开矿的请求没有被许可。4)in accordance with 与一致,书面语He didnt act in accordance with the provisions of the contract. 他没有依照合同的条款规定行事。5)according to 根据；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances. 外交官必须会随机应变。牛刀小试选用文中介绍的适当介词短语翻译句子。1. 一辆货车正好停在我的汽车前面。2. 形势有利于发展中国家。3. 他做这件事完全是出于自愿。4. 他们正收拾东西准备旅行。5. 他列举了许多事实来证明他的意见是正确的。6. 多亏了他的及时资助,我们才能得以继续开展这一项目。7. 目前我们大大领先于我们所有的对手。8. 你应该提前很长时间预定,最好提前六个星期。9. 价格会随着订购数量的不同而有所变化。10. 由于我们主席的不幸消息,我们不得不取消七月四日的庆祝活动。答案及解析1. A van was parked right in front of my car.分析:本句强调的是方位在前方,前面,所以选用in front of。2. The situation is in favor of the developing countries.分析:本句的主语形势situation是抽象名词,有利于宜选用in favor of。3. He did it completely out of his own free will.分析:free will是抽象名词短语,用于out of之后,表示完全出于自愿。4. They are packing things preparatory to a journey.分析:收拾东西是为旅行做准备,先于旅行发生,因此选用介词短语preparatory to。5. He adduced many facts in support of his views.分析:本句主语是人he,目的状语表明正确暗含支持的含义,因而选用介词短语in support of。6. Thanks to his timely financial help, we could continue with this project. 分析:thanks to表示多亏由于,幸亏有,通常接表示积极意义的原因,因此用在此处比because of, on account of等更贴切。7. We are well ahead of all our rivals at present. 分析:ahead of原义表示某人或某物在时间、空间等方面更早,更前,转义可表示领先,优于(in or into a more successful position than .),因此正好适用本句。8. You should book well in advance, preferably six weeks before. 分析:本句in advance的含义实际相当于ahead of schedule(提前于约定时间)。9. Prices vary according to the quantity ordered. 分析:按照,根据可用短语according to表达,是常用固定用法。10. In the light of the tragic news about our chairman, we have to cancel the celebrations on July 4th. 分析:本句表达的由于可进一步理解为鉴于,考虑到,所以选用in the light of,其可以明确表达该意义。常用介词短语总结（二） 上一篇我们对英语中常出现的一些近义介词短语进行了总结、辨析,本期我们将介绍一些常见的形近义异介词短语和其他一些常用介词短语。(二)形近义异介词短语辨析1. all but 几乎,差一点(almost)；除了都(all except) anything but单单除之外；根本不 nothing but 仅仅,只不过(only, no more than)I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡萝卜。He is anything but clever. 他根本不聪明。The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不过是个傻瓜而已。2. at a time 每次,一次 at one time曾经,一度(once)；同时(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他过去常常把工作一丢就是好几个月。At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾担任董事会主席。He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同时担任董事会主席和公司总裁。3. at no time决不,从不(never; on no occasion) in no time立即,马上(in a very brief time)At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我从没觉得他们不讲理。Well be there in no time.我们很快就会到那儿。4. for the moment暂时(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later) at the moment此刻,现在(at present time; now) in a moment很快,一会儿(very soon)For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我们甘心在一旁观察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于这样的意味)Im busy at the moment, but Ill do it later. 这会儿我很忙,过后我会处理这件事的。I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打电话,一会儿就到你那儿去。5. at present目前,现在(at the present time or moment; now)for the present暂时,暂且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在着,但很可能会发生变化)We dont know at present who will win the election.现在我们还不知道谁将在选举中获胜。For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她还是继续使用抗生素。6. out of question毫无疑问(without doubt; doubtless),作表语 out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be done),也作表语 without question毫无疑问,毫无疑义(without arguing or asking why it is necessary),作状语The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次阴谋破坏无疑对国际和平努力又是一个新的打击。She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫无疑问,他是全校最聪明的学生。7. for oneself为自己 to oneself 归于自己 of oneself 由自己构成,出于自动 in oneself在自身境界中,在自身属性中 by oneself 自动地,单独地She kept the largest apple for herself. 她把最大的苹果留给自己。Keep it to yourself. 不要告诉别人。You must have done something to it it cannot break of itself. 你一定碰它了它不会自己破的。London forms a county by itself. 伦敦单独就是一个郡。London seems a world of itself. 伦敦本身好像就是个世界。London is a little world in itself.伦敦城里就是一个小型世界。8. on the contrary表示完全不赞同某一说法并提出与该说法正相反,恰恰相反的事实 by / in contrast用于表示两个极不相同的事实之间的明显差异,意为与此形成对照；相比之下Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠里下雨多吗？On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那儿几乎从不下雨。By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我们的石油用量增长巨大。9. at the cost of 以(某物)为代价,以牺牲某人的生命为代价 at the expense of由支付费用,以(损害或损失)为代价He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来。His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的职业生涯是以牺牲社交生活为代价的。10. in the face of 面对,纵然遭遇(困难、问题等)而 in the presence of / in ones presence 某人在场的情况下,当着某人的面 in front of也可表示当着某人的面They carry on smiling in the face of adversity. 面对逆境,他们仍然保持微笑。He signed his name in the presence of two witnesses. 他当着两位证人的面签下自己的名字。Dont talk about that in front of the children. 别当着孩子的面谈那件事情。(三)一些其他常用介词短语1. 表示简言之in a / one word, in sum, in short, in brief2. 表示总的来说,大体上on the whole, in general3. 表示事实上in truth, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact4. 表示有时,间或on and off, on occasions, once in a while, at times, from time to time5. 表示偶然by chance, by accident 6. 表示突然all at once, all of a sudden7. 表示至多at best, at most8. 表示代替instead of, in place of9. 表示最后,终于at last, at length, in the end, in time (最后,终于；及时)10. 表示究竟,到底in the world, on earth11. 表示从今以后from now on, in future12. 表示永久地for ever (永远), for good (永久地,决定性地), once and for all (一劳永逸地)13. 从长远说来in the long run14. 从短期来看,眼下in the short run以上我们介绍了一些大学英语学习中常见的介词短语。在我们以后的学习中一定还会遇到很多其他的介词短语,希望同学们注意总结,这对提高你们的英语应用能力定会大有裨益。牛刀小试I.选择适当的介词短语填空。without question in the long runto itself regardless of at the expense of1. He succeeded in business _ his personal life.2. They obeyed me _.3. It deserves a paragraph _.4. This measure inevitably means higher taxes _.5. Every man in this country has the right to live